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The effect of long-term use of ankle taping on balance Stephanie McGregorDr. Mike PavolExercise and Sports ScienceOregon State UniversityHHMI 2011
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Background
•Ankle sprains are most common injury amongst college athletes
•Many athletes continue to tape as preventative measure ▫Shown to reduce ankle sprains by up to
50%
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How does taping help?
•Mechanical support•Psychological benefits•Enhanced proprioception
▫Ability to sense a joint’s position Leads to improved balancing performance
•Direct effects on balance remain unclear
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Components of Balance
Increased proprioception helps improve balance
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Significance
•Review of literature shows little research done studying the effects of long term use of taping ▫Determine if the effects of taping on
ankle proprioception and balance continue to be significant over time
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Use of new information
•Make more informed decisions about the best treatment plan for athletes suffering a sprained ankle ▫Better evaluate the practicality of regularly taping ankles
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Question
•How does the long term use of ankle taping effect balance?
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Hypothesis
•Ankle taping will have a larger effect on the balance of the participants who do not regularly tape ▫Body becomes acclimatized to the tape,
such that the benefits decrease with long-term use
•Effects of taping on balancing ability will vary depending on the condition being tested
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Methods
•16 NCAA gymnasts are being tested ▫Balance plays a
large role in this sport
•Approximately half ‘tapers’ and the other half ‘non-tapers’ Gymnast who
regularly tapes her ankle
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Single leg balance test
•With hands on hips ▫Three 30 second
trials performed for each of the 4 conditions
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Testing conditions
•Closed eyes removes visual cues ▫Increases reliance on proprioception
•2 inch thick block of foam between the foot and force platform Foam pad to make
balancing more difficult
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Conditions
Eyes openOn ground
Eyes openOn foam
Eyes closedOn ground
Eyes closedOn foam
Tested with and without tape
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Force Plate
•Used to examine balancing ability▫Forces used to
calculate the motion of the center of pressure (COP)
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Center of Pressure
•Average location of the force acting between the foot and the ground
•Less movement of COP equates to better balance
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Center of Mass
•Less movement of COM equates to better balance
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Data Analysis
•Compare how far and how fast COP and COM moved ▫Side to side (M/L)
▫Forward to backward (A/P)
Force plate
COP trajectory
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Data Analysis
•Stabilogram diffusion coefficient
Collings & De Luca, Chaos 5 (1), 1995 p59
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Greater COP A/P motion with taping
Non-tapers
Tapers
No tape Tape No tape Tape0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Sta
nd
ard
devia
tion
(m
m)
Similar results for COM A/P motion
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Greater COP A/P velocity with taping and in non-tapers
Non-tapers
Tapers
No tape Tape No tape Tape0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Sw
ay v
elo
cit
y (
mm
/s)
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Greater short term slope with taping
Non-tapers
Tapers
No tape Tape No tape Tape0
100200300400500600700800900
1000
Sh
ort
tem
slo
pe
(mm
2/s
)
Similar results for critical displacement with eyes closed
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Greater short term slope in non-tapers than tapers when eyes closed
Non-tapers
Tapers
Eyes open
Eyes closed
Eyes open
Eyes closed
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Sh
ort
term
slo
pe
(mm
2/s
)
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Changes in COP M/L motion with taping when eyes closed
grou
ndfo
am
grou
ndfo
am0
2
4
6
8
10
12no tape
tape
Sta
nd
ard
devia
tion
(m
m)
Eyes closed Eyes closed
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Discussion
•Contrary to hypothesis, tape negatively affects balance, regardless of group
•Long-term tapers showed balancing differences in the A/P direction and with eyes closed▫Slower corrections to balance made
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Discussion
•Further investigation needed▫For preliminary data only, not all subjects have been tested yet
•Worthwhile to investigate alternatives to ankle taping
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AcknowledgementsSpecial thanks to: • Dr. Mike Pavol
• Deb Graff• Study participants
• Elizabeth Doran• Sam Johnson
• Dr. Kevin Ahern • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) • Undergraduate Research and Innovation, Scholarship and
Creativity (URISC)