The earthquake induced landslide geohazard: development of a ground and space integrated monitoring experiment at Sea of Marmara Supersite
Pascal Bigarre (Ineris), Semih Ergintav (Tubitak)
Supersites Coordination Workshop“Key technologies for the monitoring of geologically active
regions prone to natural hazards” session
The earthquake induced landslide geohazardEARTHQUAKE RUPTURE INDUCED
LANDSLIDESREFERENCE
M 6.7 Northridge, 1994, California
Thrust, 19 km deep > 11.000> 24 km2
Harp & Jibson, 1995
M 7.6 Chi-chi , 1999, Taiwan
100 km N-S fault segment
> 20.000> 150 km2
Lin et al, 2000
M 8 Wenchuan, 2008, Thrust, 20 km deep > 56 000> 40 000 km2
Dai et al, 2011
M 7 Haiti, 2010 Thrust, 12 km deep, > 1 000> 10 000 km2
USGS
Earthquake induced landslides directly caused fatalities. produced extensive damage to housing, buildings, infrastructures and lifelines. They may isolate entire zones, perturbing rescue and relief efforts.
The Sea of Marmara• In Turkey total loss caused by landslides in terms of affected buildings constitutes
27% of the entire loss from all natural hazards (Duman, 2005), especially in the seismically active NAF Zone (Gokceoglu, 2005)
• The 17 August 1999 Mw 7.4 Kocaeli earthquake caused extensive landslides, subsidences and liquefaction-induced ground deformations along the coast of Izmit Bay (Cetin, 2004)
• Numerous tsunami occurrences are historically related to the earthquakes in the segments of the WNAF (Altinok, 2000)
• Major submarine mass wasting - landslides have been observed and mapped from high resolution surveys (Gazioglu , 2005)
• Tsunami effects were observed and measured during the 1999 post-event surveys in several places along both the northern and the southern coasts of the Izmit bay (Tinti & al, 2006)
Marsite - WP6
• 8 Partners involved: IU, TUBITAK, ITU, INERIS, IFSTTAR-La Sapienza, U.PAVIA, INGV, CNR-
ISMAR
• Among objectives :Investigate further an already constrained regional landslide – on shore & off shore - and seismic prone area including in situ and space monitoring Improve our scientific understanding in landslide triggers : heavy rainfalls and strong shakingPrototype an EWS for those geohazards
Numerous previous studies and relevant bibliography. Pre-existent landslide data for this area of interest include : Geologic and geomorphologic data :Landslide GIS (hr dem, shape
files) In situ geophysical investigations : Amplification map, seismic
profiles Small earthquakes from weak motion stations, PGA data and
waveforms related to 1999 earthquakes, regional GPS data Impact of Structural framework Landslide recent activity (-> 2000 – 2012) Morpho-Bathymetry , seismic profiles &c
The Avcilar Peninsula : a well-constrained area
TBB IMT-Tubitak project • landslide hazard includes more than 4000 m of drilling through 69 subsurface
and deep boreholes Coupling the Marsite WP6 – TBB projects Selection of pilot site candidate(s) for evaluation of multi-parameter
monitoring techniques
TBB Project
Geotechnical characterization
Boreholes available
Drill cores - Lab testsNatural Water ContentParticle Size AnalysisAtterberg LimitsSpecific WeightConsolidate TestShear Test (CU or CD)Triaxial Test (CU oe CD)
Instrumentation InclinometryWater table
Scenario (INERIS, IU, TUBITAK):Surface : METEORIC, GPS-DISPLACEMENT, WATER CONTENT, &c
Borehole WATER TABLE, ACCELERATIONS, INCLINOMETRY
Collecting – sharing data to study displacements and deformations versus rainfall, watertable , seismic ground accelerations
e.cenaris infrastructure : easy open access to multi-parameter ground monitoring dataset to the partners
- seamless catalogues and time series, sesimogams, pre-processed data, maps , etc- metadata related to the instrumentation and Technical and field documentation – photos - reports - hazard mapping
Field surveys
Geology
Geomorphology
Hydrology
Structural faulting
Historic – recent activity
Geophysics
Geotechnical
Dynamic Susceptibility
Analysis & mapping
Meteorology
Seismic shaking
Monitoring
Geotechnical
MeteorologyHydrology
Seismic shaking
Geodesy GPS
Dinsar - DGSD
Hyperstpectral Data
Static SusceptibilityAnalysis
& Mappingperiodic
Permanent
Risk
Early Warning
Low
Medium
High
Modelling
Modelling
Present activity
Expected Outputs
Synergy with TBB project and other close implemented Stackholders : T.R. Ministry of Environment and Urbanism, Metropolitan Municipalities, Disaster Affairs General Directorate, &c
In straight collaboration with other Marsite WPs (5, 9, &c), other Supersites projects :and EPOS project , it is expected to provide for :
Better knowledge of earthquake induced landslide mechanisms and enhanced hazard assessement tools, including interactions between faults and observed landslides.
Access to a coherent multidisciplinary dataset related to landslide geohazard, including dynamic GIS database for susceptibility mapping of seismic triggerred landslide
An integrated solution combining ground and space monitoring technologies applied to the landslide geohazard and based on a pre-existing infrastructure
Useful contribution to prevention, preparedness and risk management, especially urban planning – realization and transformations