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THE EARLY ISLAMIC PERIOD
IN THE UAE622-1258 AD
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SOURCES
Early Islamic Texts Arabic historians/geographers
Archaeology
Dibba (Fuj) Kush (RAK)
Jazirat al Hulayla (RAK)
Jumeirah (Dubai)
Dalma (AUH)
Shimal (RAK)
Suhar (Oman)
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EARLY ISLAMIC PERIODS IN THE UAE
Transitional Period (630-661)
Umayyad Dynasty (661-750)
Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258)
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SASA
NIAN
PERIOD
240-635CE
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TRAN
SITIO
NALPER
IOD
Event Date
Birth of the Prophet 570
Hijra 622
Theumma
conquers Mecca 630Abu Bakrbecomes first caliph 632-634
Umarbecomes caliph 634-644
Conquers Damascus 635
Conquers Jerusalem 637
Conquers Cteshiphon 637
Conquers Babylon 641
Conquers Alexandria 642
Uthman becomes caliph 644-656
compiled Quran
Ali declares himself caliph 656
Struggle between Ali and Muawiya (Shia/Sunni split)
656-661
Assassination of Ali, beginning ofUmayyad
Dynasty
661
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EVENTS OF EARLY ISLAM IN THE UAE(HISTORICAL SOURCES)
Azd tribe in Oman peninsula ruled by Sassanians al-Julanda sub-tribe from Suhar in conflict with Al-`Atik
subtribe from Dibba.
630: al-Julanda invited to join umma
Azd converts to Islam Sassanians reject Islam
Azd attack Sassanian administrators, expel them from Oman
(Mazun)
632: Ridda (Apostasy)
Several Azd subtribes rejected Islam, rebelled against al-Julanda
Abu Bakr sends army from Medina through central Arabia and
around Empty Quarter to support al-Julanda in Oman
Battle at Dibba results in rout of rebels, and return of Azd to
Islam
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DIBBA
CEM
ETERY
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UMAY
YAD
DYNASTY( 6
61- 7
50)
Event Date
Muawiyya 661-680
Second Civil War 680-694
Abd al-Malik regains authority over dar al-Islam
685-705
Walid I 705-715
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ABBA
SI
DDYNASTY
(750-1
258)
Event Date
Abul Abbas 750-754
Abu Ja'far al-Mansur 754-775
Al Maamun 813-833Al Mutasim 833-842
Decline of Abbasid DynastyCa. 900-1258
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UMAYYAD PERIOD-ABBASID PERIOD
705: Abd al Maliks Umayyad force lands at Julfar to
bring Azd under Umayyad control with great
difficulty al-Julanda flee to east Africa
750: Azd reassert independence during Umayyad
decline. Abbasid commander kills Julanda leadership and
10,000 supporters in battle at Julfar
Texts refer to burning of Julanda homes (arish)
From late 9th-13th Century Abbasid decline meant
semi-autonomy of Gulf 10th C growth of towns in RAK
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SIR BANI YAS
Continues into Umayyad period, abandoned before
Abbasid period.
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DALMA
SITE DESCRIPTION
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SITE
CODE
DESCRIPTION
DA1 Late Islamic period Mosque of Muhammad b. Jasim al-Muraykhi, Dalma town.
DA2 Late Islamic period House of Muhammad b. Jasim al-Muraykhi, Dalma town.
DA3 Late Islamic period Al Dawsari mosque (formerly known as the Sa'id Jum'a al-Qubaysi mosque), Dalma town.
DA4 Late Islamic period Al Muhannadi mosque (formerly known as the Sa'id 'Ali al-Qubaysi mosque), Dalma town.
DA5 Islamic period grave, Dalma town.
DA6 Old Dalma settlement, Dalma town.DA7 Islamic graveyard with associated settlement debris, shell middens and pottery scatters, Ghassan al-Ghossain's farm
compound, NE of Dalma Motel roundabout.
DA8 Islamic graveyard surrounded by walled enclosure, Dalma town.
DA9 Islamic graveyard surrounded by rectangular walled compound, between old Dalma town and the southern peninsula.
DA10 Islamic graves (ca 12 graves) inside the compound of the former Abu Dhabi Women's Federation compound in Dalma town.
DA11 Ubaid-related settlement inside the compound of the former Abu Dhabi Women's Federation compound in Dalma town. Thissite dates to the late 6th-early 5th millennium BC.
DA12 Continuation of the Ubaid-related site (DA11) outside the compound wall on the neighbouring traffic island. The same areaalso has traces of Islamic graves.
DA13 Late Islamic period settlement on old shoreline NW of the Dalma Motel roundabout.
DA14 Islamic period cistern and enclosure, north eastern outskirts of Dalma town.
DA15 Large Islamic period well known locally as "al-Falaj", west Dalma.
DA16 Late Islamic period village known as al-Biyada, west Dalma.
DA17 Four ?Islamic period graves and pottery scatters, west Dalma.
DA18 Sassanian-Early Islamic period stone buildings (now destroyed). This site was excavated by an Iraqi team in 1973. Locatednorth of Dalma town.
DA19 Large ?Islamic period spring or well known as "al-Fahahil", with 3-4 Islamic graves nearby. Located on the NW coast ofDalma.
DA20 Islamic period stone scatter, formerly the site of a simple mosque, and pottery scatters, located north of Dalma town.
DA21 ?Islamic period ore mining site located NE of Dalma town.DA22 Four ?Islamic period wells, known locally as "falaj Hazim" after the nearby wadi Sha'ba Hazim.
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KUSH (3RD CENTURIES TO 14TH CENTURY)
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LATE SASSANIAN/EARLY ISLAMICTOWER AT KUSH
Small, simple tower
indicates small
community
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ABBASID PERIOD OCCUPATION (9TH /10TH C- 14TH C)
Chinese/Indian/Islamic pottery
13th C coffee bean (earliest in Arabia)
Earliest Julfar?
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JEZIRAT AL HULAYLA
5th-11th C pottery from Iraq/Iran
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JUMEIRAH
Abbasid pottery/coins?
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UNDERSAMPLING OF EARLY ISLAMICSITES?
Much probably lies beneath current occupation
Evidence of irrigation systems in mountains difficult
to date.