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The Early Government
1781-1803
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Ok…so we won the revolution….
Now what????
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The Critical Period (1781-1788)
Why are these years so critical to the survival of America?
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The problem with Revolutions….
Citizens and leaders are killed
Some leaders take over with extreme ideas
Everyone and everything is destroyed that the extreme leaders do not agree with
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Why is America so different?
Separated from its tension by an ocean
More like a war than chaos
Founders and the citizens don’t fragment and kill each other
Got to work as soon as war was over
Shared the common goal for the new government and all cooperated
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How will we create our new
government? Ideas come from: Ancient Greece and Rome
Republicanism
Enlightenment philosophy
Continental Congress debates 3 big questions How will the people be represented?
What role will the national government play?
How do we deal with Western land settlement?
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1. Representation under the AOC
Each state had 1 vote
2 levels of government State were powerful in some matters National government were powerful in
some matters
An alliance between state and national government Divided power/responsibility
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2. The Role of the National Government
National Government States
Declare War 1 vote
Sign treaties Taxes raised by states
System of weights and measures
Need unanimous decision to add new states
Post Office Nee unanimous decision to change Articles of Confederation
Borrow Money
Relationship with Native Americans
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3. Western Lands:a. Land Ordinance of 1785
Plan used to survey newly acquired land.
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b. Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Created territories
Set up requirements for admission of new states
Congress appointed governor
Needed 5000 voting inhabitants to appoint own governor
Needed 60,000 free inhabitants to write state constitution and apply for statehood
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Rebellion & Convention
Shay’s Rebellion
Daniel Shay leads rebellion of angry farmers
Disgruntled over creditors, he wishes to close courts
What does this demonstrate about National Government?
Effect
Constitutional Convention (Philadelphia)
More states participate in convention as result of Shay’s Rebellion
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Articles Of Confederation vs. the Constitution
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AOC & Constitution Comparison
Working with a partner, complete the Comparison chart
Answer the following questions:
1. Identify 2 major flaws of the Articles of Confederation
2. Describe 2-3 major changes the Constitution made to correct these flaws.
3. Why is the Constitution consider a “living document”?
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Problems Arise Economic
Issue of Taxation Needed to resolve war debt
Political AOC needed a unanimous vote to pass anything (1 state
could stall process) Foreign Relations
Central gov’t too weak to fight foreign countries when conflict arises (Britain & Spain)
AOC Had AOC Lacked
Declare War No Executive Branch
Sign Treaties No national courts
Establish Postal Service No one to carry out laws
Deal w/ N. Americans
Borrow Money
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New Government Federalism
Divided power between national and state
Democratic-Republic
People elect representatives
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Constitution Ratification: official approval
States hold own conventions to determine if they ratify
9/13 states needed to ratify
Federalists – Supported Constitution
Anti-Federalists – Opposed Constitution
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State Representation Great Compromise
Combination of Virginia & New Jersey Plans
Big States v. Small States
Creation of the 2 house Congress
Senate: Equal Representation
House of Rep: Population determines #
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Compromise on Population
3/5 Compromise
Question as to whether slaves counted towards states population
3/5 of state’s slaves counted
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Separation of Powers Legislative Branch
Makes Laws
Congress (Senate & House of Rep.)
Judicial Branch
Interpret Laws
Supreme Court
Executive Branch
Carry out Laws
President
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System of Checks & Balances
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Electoral College # Senators + # House of Representatives= # of Electors
Framers did not trust people to directly elect president
Today:
538 total votes; 270 needed to win
27 states require by law Electoral College to vote according to popular vote
23 states do not have any laws, but typically follow the popular vote
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Federalists vs. Anti-
Federalists
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Constitutional Analysis Federalist Viewpoint
1.
2.
3.
Anti-federalist Viewpoint
1.
2.
3.
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Bill of Rights Added in 1791
10 amendments (pg 149)
Guarantee citizens certain rights & freedoms
Addition was essential for ratification of Constitution in some states