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The Early 20th Century
• Cities & Countries modernize
• Classes begin to stratify
• Distinct difference in upper & middle class vs. the lower class
• New York Tenements
• Population shift in America to the North
• European Countries experience Rift
• Germany Industrializes
• Monarchies of the past losing their luster
• Revolution & War
• The Russian Revolution, 1917
• Fueled by the writing of Karl Marx - Communism
• End of the Romanov Reign – Bolshevik Revolution
• Power to the Proletariat
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The Early 20th Century
• The End of the Hapsburg Empire
• Franz Joseph grows old loses power
• Hungary separates from the Empire
• Pressure from Germany, Russia & Balkans
•1914 Archduke Ferdinand Assassinated in Sarajevo
• Austria forced to ally with Germany – lost all power
• The Rise of the Kaiser
• Kaiser Wilhelm solidifies Germany & Prussia
• Creates Industrial War Machine
• Begins to fight Russia to fend of Communism
• Fights France of the Alsace – Lorraine
• World War I
• Germany engages in battle against France, England, Russia
• Germany uses weapons of mass destruction
• USA gets involved
• Germany is defeated
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The Early 20th Century
• Post World War I
• Central Europe split apart
• Weimar Republic established in Germany
• weak puppet government established by England & USA
• People didn’t support it
• Economic Depression
• Germany crippled
• Hurts World Economy
• Rise of the Nazis & Adolph Hitler
• Hitler writes Mien Kampf while in prison
• Attacks socialism
• Attacks the upper class
• After Prison Hitler rallies ex-soldiers
• preyed on the fact they were forgotten by new gov’t
• Attacks the Jewish Banks & Merchants
• accuses them of holding out on the Arians
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The Early 20th Century
• Culture
• The Rise of Jazz
• Black Music from the South
• first time black Culture crosses over racial bounds
• As population shifted north for work, music came with
• The Cotton Club
• The Roaring 20’s
• Middle & Upper Class - Ragtime
• Age of Decadence – Being Bad was Good
• F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby”
• Loosing of Victorian bounds
• The Modern Artists – The Cubist, the Abstract, The Theoreticians
• Peit Mondrian
• Pablo Picasso
• Wassily Kandinsky
• Paul Klee
• Salvador Dali
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Pioneers of Modern Design
Walter Gropius Le Corbusier
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Frank Lloyd Wright
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Louis Sullivan
Considered to be one of America's most influential architects, Louis Henry Sullivan (1856- 1924) was born in Boston and initially worked for renowned Philadelphia architect Frank Furness. He came to Chicago in 1873, where he worked briefly for William Le Baron Jenney, the so-called "father of the skyscraper." After a year of study in Paris, Sullivan returned to Chicago and became a draftsman for John Edelman, whose luxuriant organic ornamental designs had a significant influence on Sullivan. In 1879, Sullivan joined the firm of Dankmar Adler (1844 - 1900), one of the city's most outstanding structural engineers.
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The early 20th Century
• Louis Sullivan
• Auditorium Theater Building, Chicago, Illinois, 1889
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The early 20th Century
• Louis Sullivan
• Auditorium Theater Building, Chicago, Illinois, 1889
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The early 20th Century
• Louis Sullivan
• The Transportation Building, Chicago, Illinois, 1893
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The early 20th Century
• Louis Sullivan
• Schlesinger & Mayer Store (now Carson Pirie Scott Building), Chicago, Illinois, 1899-1904
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The early 20th Century
• Louis Sullivan
• Schlesinger & Mayer Store, Chicago, Illinois, 1899-1904
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The early 20th Century
• Louis Sullivan
• Stencil design, 1892
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The National Farmers Bank, Owatonna, MinnesotaBuilt 1907-1908, Louis Sullivan, Architect
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The National Farmers Bank, Owatonna, MinnesotaBuilt 1907-1908, Louis Sullivan, Architect
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The early 20th Century
• George Grant Elmslie
• Table and Chairs, 1910
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The early 20th Century
• George Maher
•Chair, 1912
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The early 20th Century
• Louis Sullivan
• Charnley House, Chicago, Illinois, 1892
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The early 20th Century
• Louis Sullivan
• Charnley House, Chicago, Illinois, 1892
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The early 20th Century
• Louis Sullivan
• Charnley House, Chicago, Illinois, 1892
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The early 20th Century
• Louis Sullivan
• Charnley House, Chicago, Illinois, 1892