Download - the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics
![Page 1: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics
![Page 2: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Early Ideas on a moving Earth• Alfred Wegener proposed idea: “Continental
Drift”– Stated that all continents used to be joined in
Pangaea (meaning “all land”) that broke up into smaller continents, “drifted” to current locations
![Page 3: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What patterns do we see in continent shapes?
![Page 4: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Continental Drift - Wegener’s hypothesis of continent movement after Pangaea broke apart
Early evidence #1:Coastlines on early maps seem to fit like puzzle pieces
![Page 5: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Why are there fossils of cynognathus on both Africa and South America and no where else?
![Page 9: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
“Continental Drift”, Early evidence #2
Fossils of the same organism were on opposite land masses (puzzle pieces), known to have been joined at one time
![Page 10: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Why do rocks from Rhode Island and Scotland match?
![Page 13: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
“Continental Drift”, early evidence #3
Mountains and rocks continued on opposite puzzle pieces
![Page 14: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Why did southern India used to have glaciers?
![Page 16: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
“Continental Drift”, early evidence #4
Misplaced glacial remnants
and tropical swamps can be
explained if continents were
once joined
![Page 17: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Newer evidence• Proof of seafloor spreading at the Mid-
Atlantic Ridge (1947)– Rock at the ridge was dated much younger than
continental rock– Paleomagnetism also apparent • As magma solidifies, iron crystals align with
Earth’s magnetic field like a compass. Geologists have known that this happens periodically throughout history, as magnetic poles flip flop.
![Page 19: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Modern Theory of Plate Tectonics
• Earth is made up of 9 primary plates and several microplates made up of continental and oceanic crust.– Upper lithosphere is crusty and moves about on
plasticy asthenosphere.– Asthenosphere moves most likely due to convection in
the mantle due to heat from core and radioactivity from mantle
• Where plates meet is called a plate boundary– Types: Convergent, divergent, transform
![Page 21: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
PLATE BOUNDARIES1. Convergent Boundary• Ocean – Continent• Ocean – Ocean• Continent – Continent
Continent – Continent convergence
Ocean – Continent Convergence
![Page 22: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
2. Divergent Boundary
3. Transform Boundary
![Page 23: the Dynamic Earth and Plate Tectonics](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161c1550346895dd1a711/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Where in the World do we find those
boundaries?