![Page 1: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Digestive SystemChapter 14
![Page 2: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Journey Through the System
Video
![Page 3: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Functions: mechanical and
chemical breakdown of food
*absorption of nutrients
Consists of alimentary canal
and accessory organs
![Page 4: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Wall of the Alimentary Canal
![Page 5: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Characteristics of the Canal
1. Mucosa - protects tissues and carries absorption
2. Submucosa - glands, blood vessels, nerves
3. Muscular Layer - smooth muscle tissue, circular & longitudinal fibers, pushes food (PERISTALSIS)
4. Serosa (serous layer) - visceral perioneum, outer covering of the tube, lubricates surfaces (serous fluid)
![Page 6: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Mixing Movements
Contractions mix food
with digestive juices
Peristalsis - pushes food
down the tube
![Page 8: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Anatomy of the Mouth
![Page 9: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Anatomy of a Tooth
![Page 10: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Teeth
Incisors
Cuspid (canine)
Bicuspids
Molars
![Page 11: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Tooth Decay
![Page 13: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ROOT CANAL
![Page 16: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Salivary Glands Parotid - ear, cheekSubmandibular - below jawSublingual - under tongue
![Page 17: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
![Page 18: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Esophagus
esophageal hiatus is where it penetrates the diaphragm cardiac sphincter at entrance to stomach
![Page 19: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
STOMACH MUSCLES: Longitudinal, Circular, Oblique
![Page 20: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Stomach
Regions
●Cardiac●Fundic●Body (greater and
lesser curvature)●Pyloric
![Page 21: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Stomach Lining
Gastric Juices contain acids that break down food - secreted by gastric glands
PEPSIN - most important digestive enzyme for breaking down food
Mucus prevents stomach from digesting itself
![Page 22: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Chyme - paste, after food has been broken down, released then into the duodenum via the pyloric sphincter valve
Rugae - folds within stomach
Gastric Pits contain glands to make juices
![Page 23: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
PANCREAS - secretes insulin which breaks down sugars
Pancreatic Juice also breaks down fat
![Page 24: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Liver
1 large right lobe | 1 smaller left lobe
![Page 25: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Liver - ducts and vessels
Hepatic duct --> to common bile duct
Hepatic portal vein - circulates blood through liver
![Page 26: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Liver Functions1. blood glucose levels2. breakdown of lipids and fats3. protein metabolism4. stores vitamins5. destroys damaged RBCs6. removes toxins7. secretes bile
![Page 27: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Remember Bili Lights?
Using bili lights is a therapeutic procedure performed on newborn or premature infants to reduce elevated levels of bilirubin. If blood levels of bilirubin become too high, the bilirubin begins to dissolve in the body tissues, producing the characteristic yellow eyes and skin of jaundice.
![Page 28: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Gall Bladder - under liver cystic duct --> common bile duct stores bile, digests fat *gallstones may form
![Page 29: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Small Intestine
Starts at the pyloric
sphincter
1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum
*Mesentery
Membrane holds it
together, contains
blood vessels
![Page 30: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Greater Omentum
a "curtain-like" membrane that covers the intestines, stores fat and lays like a drape
![Page 31: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Greater Omentum
![Page 32: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Intestinal villi - increase surface area to absorb nutrients, connect to vessels
![Page 33: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The main function of the small intestine is to secrete chemicals that break down food and carry the nutrients away in the blood stream. In one word:
ABSORPTION
![Page 34: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Large IntestineCecum
Appendix
Colon (4 parts) Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid
Rectum
Anus
![Page 35: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Function of Large IntestineSecretes mucus, reabsorbs water, contains bacteria to aid in digestion (intestinal flora)
Mass Movements (defecation) - removes undigested food
The main job is WATER REABSORPTION...
![Page 36: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Types 1–2 indicate constipation, with 3 and 4 being the ideal stools (especially the latter), as they are easy to defecate while not containing any excess liquid, and 5, 6 and 7 tending towards diarrhoea.
Source: wiki
![Page 37: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
stomach
cecum
appendix
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colonrectum
![Page 38: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
1. esophagus2. liver3. stomach4. pyloric sphincter5. duodenum6. pancreas7. jejunum8. ileum9. cecum10. appendix11. ascending colon12. descending colon13. sigmoid colong14. anus
![Page 39: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Digestion Activity
![Page 40: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Part 2
![Page 41: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Disorders of the Digestive System
GERD
Gastroesophageal
reflux disease
![Page 42: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Dysentery or Diarrhea
![Page 43: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
HEPATITIS A, B, C
![Page 44: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Hepatitis A
is caused by eating food and drinking water infected with a virus called HAV. While it can cause swelling and inflammation in the liver, it doesn't lead to chronic disease. Almost everyone who gets hepatitis A has a full recovery, some may need hospitalization
Many people are recommended to receive hepatitis A vaccine, including people at increased risk for exposure to hepatitis A virus infection and people who are more likely to get seriously ill if infected with the virus
![Page 45: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Hepatitis B is caused by the virus HBV. It is spread by contact with an infected person's blood, semen, or other body fluid. And, it is a sexually transmitted disease (STD).
Some people never develop symptoms, others develop chronic symptoms that stay with them their whole life.
![Page 46: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Hepatitis C is caused by the virus HCV. It is spread the same way as hepatitis B, through contact with an infected person's blood, semen, or body fluid (see above). Like hepatitis B, hepatitis C causes swelling of the liver and can cause liver damage that can lead to cancer. Most people who have hepatitis C develop a chronic infection. This may lead to a scarring of the liver, called cirrhosis.
Blood banks test all donated blood for hepatitis C, greatly reducing the risk for getting the virus from blood transfusions or blood products.
![Page 47: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Crampy abdominal pain
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Pain with passing stool
(tenesmus); bloody
stool
Persistent, watery
diarrhea
Weight loss
Constipation
![Page 48: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
IBS - Irritable Bowel SyndromeThe muscles in the bowel wall may contract too forcefully or too weakly, too slowly or rapidly at certain times.
![Page 49: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
STOMACH ULCERS
![Page 50: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Lactose Intolerance Inability to digest milk, can cause stomach upset
![Page 51: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Appendicitis
![Page 52: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Hernia
intestines poke through abdominal muscles
![Page 53: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
When people with celiac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten, their immune system responds by damaging or destroying villi
Without healthy villi, a person becomes malnourished, no matter how much food one eats.
![Page 54: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Gallstones Gallstones are made from cholesterol and other things found in the bile. They can be smaller than a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball.
![Page 55: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Gallstones within the gall bladder
![Page 56: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Gastric Bypass Surgery
![Page 57: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Colon Cancer
Colonoscopy is a screening technique to detect cancer.
See Katie Couric's Colonoscopy
![Page 58: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
LABEL THIS!
![Page 59: The Digestive System Chapter 14. Journey Through the System Video](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bff61a28abf838cbe3e2/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)