![Page 1: The Dark Universe - Max Planck Society€¦ · The dark side of the universe. Big Bang cosmology The universe expands: Hubble flow It started out very hot: Cosmic microwave background](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051806/5ffd86404ddcc07aaf764cb7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Dark Universe
Advisor-Seminar Astrophysik, TUM, Sommersemester 2006
![Page 2: The Dark Universe - Max Planck Society€¦ · The dark side of the universe. Big Bang cosmology The universe expands: Hubble flow It started out very hot: Cosmic microwave background](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051806/5ffd86404ddcc07aaf764cb7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Questions
How did the universe evolve? What does the universe consist of? How can we explore the past of the universe by observations? How can we model the evolution of the universe? How can we learn about invisible objects and processes in the
universe?
![Page 3: The Dark Universe - Max Planck Society€¦ · The dark side of the universe. Big Bang cosmology The universe expands: Hubble flow It started out very hot: Cosmic microwave background](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051806/5ffd86404ddcc07aaf764cb7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The dark side of the universe
![Page 4: The Dark Universe - Max Planck Society€¦ · The dark side of the universe. Big Bang cosmology The universe expands: Hubble flow It started out very hot: Cosmic microwave background](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051806/5ffd86404ddcc07aaf764cb7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The dark side of the universe
![Page 5: The Dark Universe - Max Planck Society€¦ · The dark side of the universe. Big Bang cosmology The universe expands: Hubble flow It started out very hot: Cosmic microwave background](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051806/5ffd86404ddcc07aaf764cb7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Big Bang cosmology The universe expands:
Hubble flow It started out very hot:
Cosmic microwave background
Upon cooling, the fundamental forces, particles, and light chemical elements “froze out”
![Page 6: The Dark Universe - Max Planck Society€¦ · The dark side of the universe. Big Bang cosmology The universe expands: Hubble flow It started out very hot: Cosmic microwave background](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051806/5ffd86404ddcc07aaf764cb7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The cosmic time table
Today13.7 billion years
Redshift z
1000 5 1 0
![Page 7: The Dark Universe - Max Planck Society€¦ · The dark side of the universe. Big Bang cosmology The universe expands: Hubble flow It started out very hot: Cosmic microwave background](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051806/5ffd86404ddcc07aaf764cb7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The cosmic eras
![Page 8: The Dark Universe - Max Planck Society€¦ · The dark side of the universe. Big Bang cosmology The universe expands: Hubble flow It started out very hot: Cosmic microwave background](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051806/5ffd86404ddcc07aaf764cb7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The cosmic microwave background
![Page 9: The Dark Universe - Max Planck Society€¦ · The dark side of the universe. Big Bang cosmology The universe expands: Hubble flow It started out very hot: Cosmic microwave background](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051806/5ffd86404ddcc07aaf764cb7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The cosmic microwave background
CMB spectrum is perfect black body
spatial fluctuations on level 10-5
WMAP measurements
![Page 10: The Dark Universe - Max Planck Society€¦ · The dark side of the universe. Big Bang cosmology The universe expands: Hubble flow It started out very hot: Cosmic microwave background](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051806/5ffd86404ddcc07aaf764cb7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Verschiedene Verläufe der kosmischen Expansion für verschiedene Werte für die Energiedichte der Materie (Ωm bezeichnet die Summe aus Dunkler Materie und normaler
Materie) und der Dunklen Energie ΩΛ (NASA)
Ω = ρ/ρcrit
ρcrit ≈ 6 H/m3
Ω > 1 geschlossen
Ω = 1 flach
Ω < 1 offen
Expansion of the Universe
![Page 11: The Dark Universe - Max Planck Society€¦ · The dark side of the universe. Big Bang cosmology The universe expands: Hubble flow It started out very hot: Cosmic microwave background](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051806/5ffd86404ddcc07aaf764cb7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cosmic parameters and luminosity distance I
![Page 12: The Dark Universe - Max Planck Society€¦ · The dark side of the universe. Big Bang cosmology The universe expands: Hubble flow It started out very hot: Cosmic microwave background](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051806/5ffd86404ddcc07aaf764cb7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Observational constraints of cosmic parameters
WMAP results from Spergel et al. 2003
REFLEX results from Schuecker et al. 2003 (three weeks before WMAP publication)
ΩΛ
Ωm
![Page 13: The Dark Universe - Max Planck Society€¦ · The dark side of the universe. Big Bang cosmology The universe expands: Hubble flow It started out very hot: Cosmic microwave background](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051806/5ffd86404ddcc07aaf764cb7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cosmic parameters and luminosity distance II
![Page 14: The Dark Universe - Max Planck Society€¦ · The dark side of the universe. Big Bang cosmology The universe expands: Hubble flow It started out very hot: Cosmic microwave background](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051806/5ffd86404ddcc07aaf764cb7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Observational constraints of cosmic parameters
X-ray observations of galaxy clusters and Type Ia supernovae
can constrain the "cosmic equation of
state"
![Page 15: The Dark Universe - Max Planck Society€¦ · The dark side of the universe. Big Bang cosmology The universe expands: Hubble flow It started out very hot: Cosmic microwave background](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051806/5ffd86404ddcc07aaf764cb7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Type Ia supernovae
Exploding accreting white dwarfs as
"standard candles"
![Page 16: The Dark Universe - Max Planck Society€¦ · The dark side of the universe. Big Bang cosmology The universe expands: Hubble flow It started out very hot: Cosmic microwave background](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051806/5ffd86404ddcc07aaf764cb7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Gravitational Lensing
Weak gravitational lensing by galaxy clusters produces
multiple images and arcs for background sources and
measures the Dark Matter distribution
![Page 17: The Dark Universe - Max Planck Society€¦ · The dark side of the universe. Big Bang cosmology The universe expands: Hubble flow It started out very hot: Cosmic microwave background](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051806/5ffd86404ddcc07aaf764cb7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The cosmic structure formation
![Page 18: The Dark Universe - Max Planck Society€¦ · The dark side of the universe. Big Bang cosmology The universe expands: Hubble flow It started out very hot: Cosmic microwave background](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051806/5ffd86404ddcc07aaf764cb7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Cosmic structure formation in the computer
Evolution of clustering of Dark Matter
![Page 19: The Dark Universe - Max Planck Society€¦ · The dark side of the universe. Big Bang cosmology The universe expands: Hubble flow It started out very hot: Cosmic microwave background](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051806/5ffd86404ddcc07aaf764cb7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Cosmic neutrino background
![Page 20: The Dark Universe - Max Planck Society€¦ · The dark side of the universe. Big Bang cosmology The universe expands: Hubble flow It started out very hot: Cosmic microwave background](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051806/5ffd86404ddcc07aaf764cb7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Gravitational wave background
![Page 21: The Dark Universe - Max Planck Society€¦ · The dark side of the universe. Big Bang cosmology The universe expands: Hubble flow It started out very hot: Cosmic microwave background](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051806/5ffd86404ddcc07aaf764cb7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Cosmic Rays