The Cognitive Influence on Interactive Multimedia Design:Towards the Development of a Computer-Based Instruction inRemovable Partial Denture
Ranier M. Adarve, DMD,MHPEdGraduate ProsthodonticsUniversity of Minnesota
OVERVIEW
The Cognitive Influence on Interactive Multimedia Design:Towards the Development of a Computer-Based Instruction inRemovable Partial Denture
•Computer-Based Instruction•Cognitive Psychology of Learning•Design Guidelines
Computer-Based Instruction (CBI)
CBI •An accessible, interactive and flexibleway of giving multimedia presentationsthat utilize textual materials, visuals,sounds and motions.
Computer-Based Instruction (CBI)
CBI •Development of PC’s in 1981•Extensively used in Education•Computer-Aided Learning (CAL)•Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI)
Computer-Based Instruction (CBI)
CBI •How effective is CBI in achieving educational outcomes?
? •Does CBI/Multimedia influence Learning?
•Is CBI just a form of delivery of Instruction?
Computer-Based Instruction (CBI)
CBI
Does it affect nutrition?
Does it influence Learning?Delivery of Instruction
TRUCK Delivery of Groceries
Computer-Based Instruction (CBI)
Effective Computer-Based Instruction
is based on Principles of Learning
Computer-Based Instruction (CBI)
BEHAVIORISM•1910-1960•Behavioral objectives•Observable constructs•Mastery learning•Drills and Tutorials
COGNITIVISM•1970-1990•Internal Processes•Unobservable constructs•Information-processing•Tutorials and Tests
CONSTRUCTIVISM•1990-Present•Constructed Knowledge•Interpretation of reality•Collaborative learning•Simulations and Hypermedia
Principles of Learning
Cognitive Psychology of Learning
Cognitivism•Process of Knowing•Active engagement•Unobservable Constructs
•Perception and Attention•Encoding of Information•Memory•Comprehension•Active Learning•Motivation•Transfer of Learning•Metacognition
MULTIMEDIA DESIGN
CBI
Needs Analysis School of Dentistry
Fourth Year Clinical
Third Year Clinical
Second Year Pre-Clinical
First Year Pre-Clinical
DENTAL CURRICULUM
Clinical Prosthodontics
Pre-Clinical Prosthodontics
SCOPE
INTEGRATION PROBLEM
XClassroom-Based
Learning
Patient-Based Learning
CURRENT METHODOLOGY
CBI
Vertical IntegrationHorizontal Integration
Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) in Removable Partial Denture
•Supplement RPD Course•4 Modules•WebCT•CD-ROM and Website•Macromedia Flash
Design Guidelines
•Use both Graphics and Text•Graphics should be relevant rather than decorative
1MULTIMEDIA PRINCIPLE
•Mentally making connections between pictorial and verbal representations
Design Guidelines
•Graphics and Text should be placed in close proximity•Avoid scrolling screens•Avoid directions and feedbacks accessed from links
2CONTIGUITY PRINCIPLE
•Integrating text and graphics results from a reduced need for search
Design Guidelines3MODALITY PRINCIPLE
PRINTED WORDS
PICTURES
MULTIMEDIA
EARS
EYES
SENSORY MEMORY
PHONETIC PROCESSING
VISUAL PROCESSING
WORKING MEMORY
•Present Words as Audio Narration
•Overloading of Visual Channel
narration
Design Guidelines4REDUNDANCY PRINCIPLE
•Overloading of Visual Channel
PRINTED WORDS
PICTURES
MULTIMEDIA
EARS
EYES
SENSORY MEMORY
PHONETIC PROCESSING
VISUAL PROCESSING
WORKING MEMORY
NARRATION
•Don’t Present Words and Audio Narration at the same time
Design Guidelines
•Avoid extraneous elements: Entertaining stories Background music and sound Detailed textual descriptions
5COHERENCE PRINCIPLE
•Causes distraction, disruption, seduction, thus harming learning process
Design Guidelines
•Use conversational style rather than formal style
•Language :”you”, “I”, “we”
6PERSONALIZATION PRINCIPLE
•Learner works harder to understand the material when they feel they are in conversation with a partner
Design Guidelines
•Apply Media Principles:•Multimedia•Contiguity•Coherence
7DESIGN OF PRACTICE OPPORTUNITIES
•Engage learners to selecting, integrating and retrieving processes
Design Guidelines
•On Screen Coach•On Screen Character•Talking-head video•Virtual person
8USE OF PEDAGOGICAL AGENT
•Encourage learners to do reflective learning and development of metacognitive skills
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
PRINICIPLES•Multimedia•Contiguity•Modality
•Redundancy•Coherence
•Personalization•Practice opportunities
•Pedagogical Agent
EFFECTIVE
CBI
RECAPITULATION