The Classification of Matter
Unit I-1
Hebden 49-52
Substances
Can be heterogeneous Two or more
phases
Gravel, cookies
Can be homogeneous Only one phase
Air, water, salt water, a piece of iron
Mixture
More than one Pure Substance physically mixed together
Solution
A mixture that looks like a pure substance. Particles of all substances are completely
mixed together
Solutions: Homogenous Mixtures
A solute is the substance to be dissolved
The solvent is the one doing the dissolving
Universal solvent- generally thought of as water
Solutions
WHAT IS?
Identify the solvent and solute 100 mL of water 0.1 g of sugar
Solid Solutions -Alloys
Made by melting different metals and mixing them together Examples of Alloys are:
Steel (iron, carbon and other elements like Cr and Mo) Brass (copper and zinc) Bronze (copper and tin)
Solid Solutions -Alloys
Amalgams – special type of alloy that combines Mercury with other metals [old dental work]
Titanium alloys (used to make high-end bike parts & frames)
Solid Solutions -Alloys
Suspension
Particles are large enough to make it cloudy.
Mechanical Mixture
You can see particles of different substances
Pure Substances
Matter with a unique set of properties Can be an element or a compound
Elements
are composed of ATOMS Atoms of different elements have different
masses is a pure substance that can not be broken
down further by chemical means
Element A Pure Substance made up of ONE kind of atom Its symbol can be found on the Periodic Table
Metals and Non-Metals
An element can either be a metal or a non-metal
Non-Metals
Generally gases or dull, brittle solids at room temperature
Bromine is the only liquid
Conduct heat and electricity poorly
Non-Metals
Metals
shiny and solid at room temperature
Exception Mercury [only liquid]
Conduct heat and electricity
Ductile and malleable
Metals
Compound
A Pure Substance made up of two or more kinds of atoms.
Law of D
efinite
Proporti
ons
Compounds
Every compound has its own chemical formula
Water is H20
Compound Water
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Water
Compounds
Contain symbols of different elements
NaClH2SO4
C3H8
C2H5OH
Compounds
NOTE: The properties of compounds are always different than the properties of their elements!
Ionic Compounds
An Ionic Compound is made up a metal and a non-metal or has Polyatomic Ions in it.
Polyatomic ions are ions made up of more than one kind of atom
They can be found on your ion table (back of Periodic Table) Some Examples:
SO42- (sulphate), CO3
2- (carbonate)
Some example of IONIC compounds are: NaCl MgBr2
Al2O3
K2SO4
Ionic Compounds
Covalent Compounds
A Covalent Compound is made up of a two non-metals or is a hydrocarbon
Some example of COVALENT compounds are: CO2 , PBr3 , CCl4 , C8H18 , XeF6 , C4H9OH