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The Christianization of the WestDossier 2
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Places of Worship.
● The Church used its wealth to build places of worship:○ churches.○ cathedrals.○ abbeys.○ monasteries.
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Church
● Main place of worship in villages and small cities.
● Priests celebrated services
● Shelter for the poor and sick.
● Asylum.
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Cathedral.
● Cathedral was the main place of worship in major cities.
● led by a bishop.● hosted religious
plays - “mystery plays”
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Abbey & Monastery.
● Reserved for men and women who wanted to live:○ In a community.○ cloistered from the
outside world.● Nuns and Monks
studied.
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Religious architecture.
● Religious buildings were built according to Roman or Gothic styles.
● Churches were built in the shape a cross.
Typhanum:● Masterpiece of
Roman sculpture.● located at the
entrance.Capital:● Topmost part of a
column that has been decorated with sculptures.
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Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres.
• Built in the Gothic style.• Widest nave of any cathedral in France.• Stained glass windows allow light to enter into
the cathedral.
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The Church’s role in education.
• The Church used Latin throughout the Christian west.
Latin: International Language.
• Latin was used in schools, in churches, and for trade.
• The Church practiced censorship.
• The Bible was the only reference book for education, culture, and science.
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The Church’s role in education, culture, and science.
• Teachers: were members of the clergy.
• Students: were the sons of lords who were going to join the clergy.
• Monasteries were where students went to school.
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The Church’s role in education, culture, and science.
Monastery Schools:• Education was first
provided in monasteries.
• Monks taught Latin, Theology, and Philosophy.
Cathedral Schools:• Schools that were
near a city’s cathedral.
• Monks taught Latin, Theology, and Philosophy.
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The Church’s role in education, culture, and science.
Universities:• Universities were
built as of the 12th century when education started to become specialized.
• Professors and students from all over Europe would come to attend a particular university with a good reputation.
• Teachers were laypeople.
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Universities.
• Universities taught priests and laypeople and attracted the best professors.
• Generous local people housed students.
• The most famous universities were in Paris, Montpellier, Bologna, and Oxford.
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Pilgrimages and Crusades.
• To maintain religious fervour the Church organized pilgrimages and crusades.
Pilgrimages:• Trips to a locations
where a saint’s relics could be found.
• The main pilgrimage sites were Rome, Jerusalem , and Saint James of Compostela.
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Crusades.
• Crusades were military expeditions towards Palestine.
• Palestine had fallen into the hands of Muslim Turks.
• In total there were 8 crusades from 1095-1291 AD.
• The 1st crusade took over Jerusalem and the other crusades tried to retake the city.
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The third crusade: “The King’s Crusade” (1189-1192)
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Pope Urban II
• Pope Urban II was the first to call a crusade to liberate Jerusalem.
• He promised remission of sins for all crusaders.