Download - The Charles’s Gas Law
-
7/29/2019 The Charless Gas Law
1/19
Charles Jacques
Born Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles
(November 12, 1746- April 7,1823)
Charles and the Robert Brothers launched the
Worlds first (unmanned) hydrogen filled
balloon in August of 1783
-
7/29/2019 The Charless Gas Law
2/19
The Charless Gas Law
In 1787, a French scientist named Jacques
Charles, while investigating the inflation of his
balloon like so many of his fellow scientists,
discovered that the volume of a gas varieddirectly with temperature.
V/T=V1/T2 or Charless Gas Law
initial volume, 1=initial absolute temperature
final volume, 2=final absolute temperature
-
7/29/2019 The Charless Gas Law
3/19
Practice problem for Charless
Law
The unknown volumes is at 32C. At 18C the
gas occupied a volume of 152mL . Solve for
the unknown volume of gas.
1st- Convert Celsius to Kelvin, by adding 273to the number of Celsius.
32C+273=305 Kelvin; 18C+273=291 Kelvin
2nd Our formula is V/T=V1/T1 152mL/291K =?/305K, we can then cross
multiply.
-
7/29/2019 The Charless Gas Law
4/19
Practice Problem Part.2
150mL x 305K = 291K x ?
Then 152mL x 305 K/ 291K which equals
159.3127mL
That being the unknown volume.
-
7/29/2019 The Charless Gas Law
5/19
Video Explanation
http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/
kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/
http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/ -
7/29/2019 The Charless Gas Law
6/19
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
Born December 6, 1778- May 9, 1850
Gay Lussac used the new technology of
ballooning to measure the composition of
gases in the atmosphere at different altitudes.He found that the composition of gases did not
change with altitude.
Lussac, Davy, Thernard isolated Boron for thefirst time in 1808
-
7/29/2019 The Charless Gas Law
7/19
Gay-Lussacs Gas Law
Gay-Lussacs Gas Law is as follows
P/T=P1/T2
Initial Pressure/ Initial absolute Temperature=
Final Pressure/ Final absolute Pressure.
-
7/29/2019 The Charless Gas Law
8/19
Example Problem of Gay-
Lussac
A 20mL cylinder containing 6atm of gas at
27C. What would the pressure of the gas be if
the gas was heated to 77C.
First we must turn the Centigrade to Kelvinand in order to do that, must add 273K to the
27 and 77 centigrade to convert them to
Kelvin.
27C+273K= 300 Kelvin and
77C+273K=350Kelvin
-
7/29/2019 The Charless Gas Law
9/19
Example Problem of Gay-
Lussac Part 2
We are trying to find the final pressure so we
will use the new converted temperatures and
set up the problem.
P2= P1T2/T1
P2=(6atm)x(350K)/(300K)
P2=7atm
The pressure will increase to 7atm afterheating the gas from 27C to 77C.
-
7/29/2019 The Charless Gas Law
10/19
Video Explanation for Lussac
http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/
kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/
http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/ -
7/29/2019 The Charless Gas Law
11/19
John dalton
John Dalton (september 5, 1766 july 27,
1844) was a British chemist and physicist. he
was born in England. John came from a Quaker
family.
-
7/29/2019 The Charless Gas Law
12/19
Dalton's law of partial pressures
Total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to
the sum of the partial pressures of the
individual gases in the mixture
The formula for this would be P V = n R T
-
7/29/2019 The Charless Gas Law
13/19
Dalton's law application
Air,, is composed primarily of nitrogen and oxygen. In a given sample of air,the total number of moles is can be approximated as
n = nnitrogen+ noxygenThis expression forncan be substituted into the ideal gas law to yield
P V = ( nnitrogen+ noxygen) R TVis the same for both nitrogen and oxygen. Similarly, both compounds
experience the same temperature. One can therefore split this expressionof the ideal gas law into two terms, one for nitrogen and one for oxygen.
P = nnitrogenR T/V + noxygenR T/VP = Pnitrogen+ PoxygenThe above equation is called Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure, and itstates that the pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partialpressures of the individual components of the gas mixture. Pnitrogen is the
partial pressure of the nitrogen and Poxygen is the partial pressure of oxygen. Pnitrogen= nnitrogenR T/V
Poxygen= noxygenR T/V
-
7/29/2019 The Charless Gas Law
14/19
Calculation
The pressure of a mixture of nitrogen, carbon
dioxide, and oxygen is 150 kPa. What is the
partial pressure of oxygen if the partial
pressures of the nitrogen and carbon dioxideare 100 kPA and 24 kPa, respectively?P =
Pnitrogen + Pcarbon dioxide + Poxygen
150 kPa = 100 kPa + 24 kPa + Poxygen
Poxygen = 150 kPa - 100 kPa - 24 kPa
Poxygen = 26 kPa
-
7/29/2019 The Charless Gas Law
15/19
Video to showing how it works
http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/
kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/
http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/ -
7/29/2019 The Charless Gas Law
16/19
Sited works
http://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistr
yproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-
pressures.htm
http://easycalculation.com/chemistry/learn-ideal-gas.php
http://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htm -
7/29/2019 The Charless Gas Law
17/19
Ideal gas law
The ideal gas law is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal
gas.
Ideal Gas Law Formula :
General Gas Equation: PV = nRT
1. Pressure(P) = nRT / V
2. Volume(V) = nRT / P
3. Temperature(T) = PV / nR
4. Moles of Gas(n) = PV / RT
5. where,
6. P = pressure,
7. V = volume,
8. n = moles of gas,
9. T = temperature,
-
7/29/2019 The Charless Gas Law
18/19
Sample Problem
Step 1Find PTotal
Standard pressure is 1 atm
Step 2Find nTotal
nTotal = noxygen + nnitrogen
nTotal = 0.1 mol + 0.4 mol
nTotal = 0.5 mol
Step 3
Solve for Pnitrogen
Pnitrogen = PTotal ( nnitrogen / nTotal )Pnitrogen = 1 atm ( 0.4 mol /
0.5 mol )Pnitrogen = 0.8 atm
Answer
-
7/29/2019 The Charless Gas Law
19/19
Video
http://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-
and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-
relationships-tutorial
http://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorial