Download - The Cell Cycle/Division/Mitosis
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The Cell Cycle/Division/Mitosis
Unit 4
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The Cell CycleInterphase
MitosisCytokinesis
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CyclinCDK
Click here for definition
(Synthesis)
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Cell Cycle ExpandedM phase has 4 stages plus Cytokinesis!!
Movie
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Interphase Performs normal activities
for life.
• G1-Grows• S-Replicates/synthesizes the DNA(genetic material)
• G2-Grows
DNA is in the chromatin state (kind of like spaghetti)
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What are the stages/phases of Mitosis?
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Centrioles appear
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Centrioles move
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Spindle fibersgrow from
the centrioles
center of the cell
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(DNA/Chromosomes)
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•Two new nuclei form •Cell membrane pinches in
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Cytokinesis This process ends the cell cycle.
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Cytokinesis
new
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CELLS AFTER COMPLETING THE CELL CYCLE
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How is mitosis different in plant and animal cells?
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During Telophase and Cytokinesis in
Plant cell--a cell wall forms between the two daughter cells
Animal cell --cell membrane pinching in for cytokinesis no cell wall forms
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Interphase Prophase Metaphase
Anaphase Telophase
Animal Cell
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Plant Cells
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Understanding Chromosomes
The genetic material inside the nucleus goes by many different names. The name depends on how it is packaged or where it is located in the cell.
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Understanding Chromosomes
Protein
Sister ChromatidsNucleus
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Tightly coiled DNA strand
Centromere
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Chromosome number during the Cell Cycle
2 4 4 4
2
2
Interphase
Cytokinesis
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Asexual Reproduction
When one organism produces one or more new organisms that can live on their own.
•Reproduction without sperm and egg uniting.
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Binary fissionParent cell splits in two, producing identical daughter cells.
Not mitosis because there is no nucleus but the DNA does get copied and transferred to the next generation.
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BuddingOrganisms produce buds “mini-me” that will grow into a genetically identical adult.
Bud
Yeast (unicellular) Hydra (Multicellular)
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RegenerationNew tissue growth at the site of a wound
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Propagating Plants from Stem Cuttings (a type of Regeneration)
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Why Choose Asexual Reproduction?--Advantages
• Rapid population growth• No fertilization of an egg
cell-no need of a partner.• Organism can remain in
one particular place • Genetically identical
copies of the parent-- adapted to the environment.
Each spot on this Petri dish is a bacterial colony started by one bacterium.By the time a colony is visible to the human eye, it consists of at least one million cells.
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Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction?
• No genetic difference, change is environment can be deadly to entire population.
• Any mutations or "bad" qualities will be passed on.
Streptococcus bacteria.
Strep Throat infection
Antibiotic change the environment for the bacteria that cause Strep-throat. Inmost casesall of thebacteriawill die.
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• CDK- a molecule that plays a key role in controlling the cell cycle.
• Cyclin-regulates CDK
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Modified by R. O’Connor 10/10