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The BRIDGE project: From 1 – 20,000 barley
genomesNils Stein
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben &
Georg-August University Göttingen, CiBreed
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Barley – a globally grown crop species
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Barley diversity – modern cultivars vs. genetic
resources
• modern cultivars are adapted to and bred for the
average conditions in specific geographical regions
(climate, latitude, altitude etc.)
• genetic diversity decreased as a consequence
• lacking plasticity for further adaptation as climatic
conditions become more variable
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Pictures B Schäfer. IPK
Global barley diversity
• Phenotypic diversity = Genomic diversity in
barley is high
• Allelic Diversity important tool in functional
genomics or breeding
• Natural diversity: domesticated / wild genepool
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GBIS
Interfaces to other
systems
• EURISCO
• EDBD
• transPLANT
• de.NBI
• SeedSeq
• Digital Seed Bank
• GENESYS
BRIDGE
Variation
Warehouse
BRIDGE Web Portal• Interactive haplotype
browser
• Comparison to
existing marker data
to guide pre-breeding
Primary
data analysis
BRIDGE: Biodiversity infoRmatics to close the gap from
genome Information to educated utilization of Diversity
hosted in GEnebanks
Field based
phenotyping
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BRIDGE project: GBS of >20,000 barley accs.
+ WGS / exome capture of selected accessions
+ historic evaluation data (morphologic and agronomic)
+ passport and geo-reference information
+ ear- and seed phenotyping at harvest
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GBS of >20,000 barley accs.
• GBS (PstI/MspI) library preparation (Wendler et al. 2014; >180-plex barcoded )
• Bioinformatics pipeline (Mascher et al. 2013):
• Minimal read depth per genotype: 2x
• Maximal fraction of missing calls: 10%
• Both alleles at least once in homozygous state
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Diversity in barley - whole collection
22,621 samples
171,263 SNP
Sara Milner
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Representativeness of IPK collection
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Diversity in domesticated barley
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Diversity in domesticated barley
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1H 2H 3H 4H 5H 6H 7H
Distance to Vrs1: 722 kb
Distance to INT-C: 273 bp
Genotypes: SNPs with a MAF ≥1% (19,507 SNPs).
Software: GAPIT R package (Lipka et al. 2012), using a
mixed linear model, kinship, PC1/2 as covariants
GWAS for row-type
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1H 2H 3H 4H 5H 6H 7H
GWAS for awn roughness
raw2?
raw1
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GWAS vs BSA for awn roughness
raw1
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TILLING to confirm raw1 function
8993-1_8 WT/WT 8993-1_7 MT/MT
ATG TGA
Non - Synonymous Synonymous Splice site mutation
8993-1_2_10
WT/WT
8993-1_2_8
WT/MT
8993-1_2_5
MT/MT
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• GWAS for more complex and
agronomically relevant traits
• GWAS for simple traits
?
Genebank genomics
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how about historical (legacy) data in genebanks?
• checking sowing date and off-
season sowing date
• checking extreme data points
unbalanced legacy data from
regeneration cycles
examine the data suitability for
selection of accessions
re-sampling study
two-fold cross validation
manual quality assessment
Outlier detection based on re-scaled
median absolute deviation and Bonferroni-
Holm test
describing the phenotypic diversity of the
collection / Estimating heritability and
BLUEs
Maria Y. Gonzalez et al. 2018, TAG 131: 2009-2019
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Barley multiplications at IPK Genebank
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Ppd-H1 Vrn-H3 Vrn-H1
Value of genebank legacy data for GWAS?
Quelle: BBCH/KWS
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collaboration with JKI QLB, Ordon+Habekuss
1894 accessions tested
GWAS for resistance to soil-borne viruses
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Summary
BRIDGE – a complete barley ex situ collection characterized
by GBS
Diversity landscape of the collection – what is the context
of global diversity
GWAS
Collection management
Better informed selection of genetic resources in pre-
breeding
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Acknowledgements
Funding:
SAW Pakt f. Forschung und Innovation
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Thanks!