CerebrumCerebrum
• Cerebrum
• Largest area
• On top
• 4 lobes (frontal, parietel, temporal, occipital)
• Thinking, short and long term memory, voluntary movement, reasoning, level of consciousness
Cerebrum (cont)Cerebrum (cont)
• Structure• Ridges (convolutions/gyri)• Grooves (sulci)• Deep grooves (fissures)• 2 hemispheres (R and L)• Corpus callosum (connect two halves)• Cerebral cortex: thin layer of gray matter (mostly
dendrites an cell bodies) gray matter• White matter: inner cerebrum• Some inner gray:basal ganglia (automatic postures)
Frontal LobeFrontal Lobe
• Prefrontal; conscious thought
• Broca’s area; motor speech
• Premotor area; muscle coordination
• Primary motor area; precise muscle control
• Central sulcus
Parietal LobeParietal Lobe
• Primary somatic sensory area; body sense perception
• Primary taste area
• Somatic sensory association area; body sense perception
• Wernicke’s area; sensory speech area
DiencephalonDiencephalon
• Thalamus: relay station for senses
• Hypothalamus:body temp., water balance, sleep cycle, appetite (mind-body connection)
• Pituitary gland: master gland (8 hormones)
BrainstemBrainstem
• Midbrain: relay for visual and auditory impulses
• Pons: relay station; influences respirations
• Medulla oblongata: life centers (cardiac and respiratory)
Spinal CordSpinal Cord
• Occipital bone to bottom of first lumbar vertebrae (17-18 inches)
• H-shaped
• Core made of gray matter (cell bodies and dendrites)
• Outer portion: white matter; bundles of myelinated axons: spinal tracts
Spinal TractsSpinal Tracts
• Ascending tracts: conduct impulses to the brain
• Descending tracts: conduct impulses from the brain
• Tracts are organized to carry different sensations
CNS Protective CoveringsCNS Protective Coverings
• Skull
• Vertebrae
• Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• Meninges: dura mater: outer
arachnoid mater: middle
pia mater: inner