Download - The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone
![Page 1: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
OVERVIEW
* Examination of BMZ
* Structure of BMZ
* Origin of BMZ
* Function of BMZ
* Examples of Some diseases affecting BMZ
![Page 4: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
???????
* Basement Membrane
* Dermo – Epidermal Junction (DEJ)
* Basal lamina
* Basement Membrane Zone (BMZ)
![Page 5: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE ZONE
* It is a critical interface between the epidermis and dermis and is a highly specialized structure that allows for communication between different cell types.
![Page 7: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
PAS-positive basement membrane.
![Page 10: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
EXAMINATION OF BMZ
* Relatively poorly demonstrated with eosin in H and E preparations.
![Page 11: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
* As all basement membranes, it stains strongly for Glycoproteins and mucopolysaccharides by Periodic acid schiff stain (PAS).
* It is also stained intensely with silver techniques.
![Page 12: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
* The complexity & heterogeneity of BMZ can be appreciated only at ELECTRON MICROSCOPIClevel.
![Page 13: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The basement membrane zone (BMZ) integrates the epidermis with the underlying dermis. On electron microscopy, the BMZ has three layers: a central electron-dense region known as the lamina densa and two regions of lower electron density to either side of this central region.
![Page 17: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ultrastructure of basement membrane (×37,800). (1, hemidesmosome; 2, lamina lucida; 3, lamina densa; 4, sublamina densa; 5, melanin; 6, tonofilaments)
![Page 18: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
BMZKIF/Hemidesmosome complex(Basal keratinocyte)Lamina lucidaLamina densaSub lamina densa
![Page 22: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
KERATIN INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS* Also called tonofilaments, it is comprising keratin
5&14.
* It is a fine filamentous structures maintain the intracellular architecture & organization of basal cells.
* They course through the basal cells & inserted into the desmosome & hemidesmosome.
![Page 31: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
ATOMIC MASS UNIT
* The unified atomic mass unit (symbol: u) or dalton(symbol: Da) is the standard unit that is used for indicating mass on an atomic or molecular scale(atomic mass).
![Page 33: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
* One dalton is approximately the mass of one nucleon(either a single proton or neutron) = 1.660538921(73)×10−27 kg.
![Page 34: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
HEMIDESMOSOMES (HD)
* Numerous electron-dense plates located in the lowerregion of the plasma membrane of the basal cells.
![Page 39: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
* It is closely resembling ½ of the desmosome seen in cell–cell junction but based on chemical criteria, these 2 structures appear to be immunologically distinctive.
![Page 40: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
* Characteristics of HD proteins has been aided by the use of auto-antibodies presented in serum samples of patients with bullous pemphigoid.
* As result of this, the antigens recognized by these sera identified proteins ranging in mass from 165-240 kDa.
* These proteins are immunologically & structurallydistinct.
![Page 41: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
* Monoclonal antibodies have been constructed to both intracellular & extracellular regions of HD.
![Page 42: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
BPAG1
* It is a homodimer with homology to desmosomaldesmoplakin.
* It is generally believed that it is the major componentof the HD inner dense plaque.
![Page 47: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
PLECTIN
* It is another dimeric desmoplakin homologue.
* Its tissue distribution is not limited to BMZ.
![Page 51: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
6 4 INTEGRIN
* They are large class of trans-membrane extra-cellular matrix binding proteins that provide cell attachment & subsequent signal transduction.
* It has a selective high affinity for laminin 5.
![Page 56: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
![Page 58: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
TYPE XVII COLLAGEN (BPAG2)
* 180 kDa
* It is an unusual trans-membrane prt.
Collagenous extra-cellulardomain interact with laminin 5
Intra-cellular domain interact mainly with BPAG1
![Page 60: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
![Page 65: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
![Page 67: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
LAMINA LUCIDA (LL)
* External to the plasma membrane
* 25-50 nm in width.
* Contains the anchoring filaments.
![Page 68: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
ANCHORING FILAMENTS
* Series of filaments traversing the lamina lucida from the epidermal basal cells & insert into the laminadensa.
* Several antigens forming anchoring filament proteins.
![Page 69: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
![Page 70: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
![Page 71: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
![Page 72: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
![Page 73: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
![Page 74: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
![Page 75: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
![Page 76: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
LAMININS
* Immunolocalized to basal lamina (= LL+LD).
* Numerous glycoprotein family with semirigid & extended structures.
![Page 77: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
* It is hetrotrimetric molecule, where each lamininisoform consisting of
alpha chain. Beta chain. Gamma chain.
![Page 78: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
* The 4 extremities of the crosslike structure contain globular domains, the 3 short arms contain extra domain, approximately 20 nm from their free end.
![Page 79: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
LAMININ 5
* Its general structure as laminin family.
* It has short arms comparing to other laminins.
![Page 80: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
* Its shape is consistent with its potential to be the anchoring filament protein.
* It has a high affinity for integrins.
* It also bind to the NC-1 domain of type VII collagen(the anchoring fibril protein).
![Page 81: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
![Page 82: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
![Page 83: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
![Page 84: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
![Page 85: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
![Page 86: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
![Page 87: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
![Page 88: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
![Page 89: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
![Page 90: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
![Page 91: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
![Page 92: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
![Page 93: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
LAMINA DENSA (LD)
* Appears as an electron-dense amorphous structure.
* 20-50 nm in width.
* At high magnification, it has a granular fibrousappearance.
* Account for 40-65% of total basement membraneproteins.
![Page 94: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
* Major proteins component is type IV collagen where it appears as a filament of variable thickness which is morphologically distinct from the collagen fibers in the subjacent dermis.
![Page 95: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
TYPE IV COLLAGEN
* Immunolocalized mainly to LD & also found in anchoring plaque.
* It has a structure closely related to the intracellularor procollagen form, typical of all members of the collagen protein family.
![Page 96: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
* The triple helical nature of the amino terminus of type IV collagen is unique & has been designated as the 7-S domain.
* Covalent interactions among 7-S domain of the type IV collagen are the basis for the specialized fiberform characteristic of basement membrane.
![Page 97: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
![Page 98: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
![Page 99: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
![Page 100: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
![Page 101: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
NIDOGEN
* It is a glycoprotein with dumbbell configurationlocalized to the LD.
* It is attached to one of the short arms of laminin at the gamma 1 chain forming a stable complex.
* Nidogen alone as well as laminin- nidogen complexspecifically bind to type IV collagen.
![Page 102: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
![Page 103: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
![Page 104: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
![Page 105: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
![Page 106: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
PERLECAN
* It is a Heparan sulfate proteoglycan.
* It consists of a core protein of various length with different numbers of covalently associated glycosaminoglycan chains.
![Page 107: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
* High sulfate content makes this molecule with highlynegative charge & hydrophilic.
* It swell with hydration & have a major role in determining which proteins or ions can transverse the lamina lucida & access the epidermal intracellular spaces.
![Page 108: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
![Page 109: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
![Page 110: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
![Page 111: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
![Page 112: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
![Page 113: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
![Page 114: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
![Page 115: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
![Page 116: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
![Page 117: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
![Page 118: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
![Page 119: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
SUB LAMINA DENSA
* It’s major component is anchoring fibrils which appear as condensed fibrous aggregates of type VIIcollagen.
![Page 120: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
ANCHORING FIBRILS
* Type VII collagen appears to have a major triple-helical domain is approximately 450 nm in length.
![Page 121: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
* Type VII collagen is synthesized & secreted as monomeric protein but rapidly dimerizes at the aminoterminals.
* These structures are proteolytically cleaved afterformation of the centrosymmetric dimer.
* The dimers then aggregates laterally to form the anchoring fibrils.
![Page 122: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
* The complex NC-1 domain binds to laminin 5 & also to components of the lamina densa.
![Page 123: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
* Many of the anchoring fibrils inserted their distalends into electron-dense amorphous-appearing structures completely independent of lamina densa, known anchoring plaques.
![Page 124: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
ANCHORING PLAQUES
* The anchoring plaques are electron-dense structurecomposed of type IV collagen & laminin.
* They are independent of lamina densa , & distributed randomly in the papillary dermis below lamina densa & are inter-related by additional anchoring filaments.
![Page 125: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
![Page 126: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
![Page 127: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
![Page 128: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
![Page 129: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
![Page 130: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
![Page 131: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
![Page 132: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
![Page 133: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
![Page 134: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
![Page 135: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
![Page 136: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
![Page 137: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
![Page 138: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
![Page 139: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
![Page 140: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
![Page 141: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
![Page 142: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
![Page 143: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
![Page 144: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
![Page 145: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
![Page 146: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
![Page 147: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
![Page 148: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
![Page 149: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
![Page 150: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
REFERENCES
* Adel A. Al-Ghamdi Dermatology Department King Fahd Hospital of university (Presentation).
* The Basement Membrane Zone- Making the Connection Vidal MD, AAD.
* Google images.
![Page 151: The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042615/55ab78561a28ab99278b463e/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
THANK YOU