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THE BEST FUEL ALTERNATIVE
By Marco Terrazas
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HYDROGEN• Hydrogen is the most abundant element in
the universe.• It is a clean type of fuel, unlike fossil fuels,
It results in heat and water instead of greenhouse gases
• It is very renewable as the water produced can be broken up into hydrogen atoms and can be reused.
• It is very efficient, most of the energy created can be used as fuel
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HYDROGEN• Storage for hydrogen is complicated
as hydrogen must be stored in a liquid state and kept in low temperatures.
• The cost to produce hydrogen fuel is very expensive.
• Hydrogen does not occur naturally in the world.
• The amount of energy produced from hydrogen fuel is less than the amount of energy is needed to produce it.
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BIODIESEL•“Microalgae can produce and accumulate lipids within their cells. These lipids on transesterification yields biodiesel”•Since Microalgae is not a common food supply, It will not damage the ecosystem if it is harvested in large quantities•It has a high per-acre productivity, the most out of any biofuel previously tested.•Microalgae can grow in land that is not agriculturally based making it very beneficial
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BIODIESEL• Even though it seems promising,
Algal strands must be tested to find the highest energy producing strands to harvest.
• New ways to extract the lipids from the algae must be found to make the job easier
• The problem is a large sum of land is needed for such an endeavor
• “All of the production must be done at a cost that makes it competitive with petroleum based companies” -Philip T. Pienkos
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CYANOBACTERIA• They are able to produce a
lot of energy per acre compared with other biofuel crops.
• Their survival only consists of sunlight, water, CO2 and a few nutrients
• Cyanobacteria can be grown in rooftop PBRs or wherever sufficient quantities of sunlight and CO2 can be provided.
• “they are tolerant of a wide range of temperatures, salinities and pH conditions.”
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CYANOBACTERIA• Phosphorus is needed to farm
cyanobacteria and unfortunately it is not a low cost additive.
• Once the phosphorus limitation can be overcome, light irradiance and CO2 become the limiting factors for growth.
• Due to the atmosphere being low on CO2, the only way to effectively farm this energy source is using excess CO2 emitting from power plants.
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CONCLUSION• The most promising energy source that
could potentially be implemented is Cyanobacteria
• It has high energy yield and has no potential drawbacks other than the amount of resources needed for it
• Unlike microalgae, It does not need as much land and unlike Hydrogen, it does not have a storage problem
• All of cyanobacteria’s resources needed for energy production are renewable.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY / WORKS CITED“Bacteria as Alternate Energy? Cyanobacteria Converts Sunlight into Fuel” International
Business Times. (2013)
Gaurav, Kumar. “Exploring Biodiesel: Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Micro algal Source.” International Journal of Green Energy. (2013): p775-796
Jain, I.P. “Hydrogen the fuel for 21st century.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. (2009): p7368-7378.
Saravanan, S. “Fuzzy logic controller based power management for a standalone solar/wind/fuel cell fed hybrid system.” Journal of Renewable & Sustainable Energy. (2013) 25p.New Energy and fuel. “Culturing Cyanobacteria for Biofuel.” New energy and fuel. (July 12,2010)Images used: •http://www.ecnmag.com/article/2013/02/broadening-horizons-alternative-fuel-vehicle-market•http://alternativefuelkoval.blogspot.com/2015/11/best-alternative-fuels.html
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BIBLIOGRAPHY CONTINUED• http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/alternative-fuel-26827301.jpg• http://gas2.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/toyota-mirai-1-620x350.jpg• http://www.keepbanderabeautiful.org/hydrogen-cyclei.jpg• http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/
BiodieselCycle.jpg• http://www.greenguidespain.com/andalucia/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/
biofuel.jpg• http://tunza.eco-generation.org/resourcesView.jsp?
boardID=ambassadorReport&viewID=12425• http://thecoolgadgets.com/algae-base-ethanol-up-to-87-percent-reduction-
in-co2/