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The Berlin Conference 1884
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COLONIALISM IN AFRICA
In the 1880’s, European interest in African territories heightened.
It was obvious everyone was trying to get a “piece of the pie.”
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Tribal boundaries of Africa
The Treaty of Berlin in the 1880’s “divided” Africa among European powers.
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Tribal boundaries of Africa
Political boundaries today
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The British and French controlled the largest empire.
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By the 1950’s, the Europeans had lost the will and financial resources to hold onto their colonies.
They set withdrawal dates and just “left” without much thought given to the infrastructure they left behind.Landlocked countries
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The borders of the countries of Africa have created several major problems that can be attributed to the Geography of the current borders.
Ethnicity (tribes)
Religion
Languages
Resources
Transportation
Colonialism destroyed many of Africa’s indigenous ruling bodies, and their cultural traditions.
Borders
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Even if landlocked countries have river access to the ocean, all of Africa’s major rivers have waterfalls and rapids that prohibit large ship traffic.
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Conflicts since the 1990’s.
Civil War in Liberia
Civil War in Sierra Leone
Civil War in Uganda
Civil War in Congo (ongoing)
Sudan (Southern Sudan
and Darfur)
Collapse of the government in
Somalia
Civil War in Ethiopia (won by Eritreans)
Ethnic conflict in Kenya (recently)
Rwanda
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If so much conflict is caused by the borders left behind by the Europeans, why can’t the countries work together to “re-draw” those boundaries?
In most cases, the people and groups in power now don’t want to risk losing that power or the possibility of widespread chaos.
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Gdp cartogram of Arica
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Issues facing Sub-Saharan Africa today:
Desertification
AIDS
Malaria
Poverty
Internal wars
Debt
Famine
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And the biggest shatterbelt of all……
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Many of the issues of Africa today are still laid at the footprint of European Colonialism, which ended in the 1960’s.
Is there a “statute of limitations” on blame?
What does the future hold for the countries of Africa?