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The Basics of Maintenancein General Aviation
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U.S. Department U.S. Department of Transportationof Transportation
Federal Aviation Federal Aviation AdministrationAdministration
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Basics of MaintenanceIn General Aviation
for Pilots and TechniciansDownloaded from www.avhf.com
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FAA-Flight Standards DivisionFAA-Flight Standards Division
2300 E. Devon Ave2300 E. Devon Ave
Des Plaines, IL 60018Des Plaines, IL 60018
Tel: 847-294-7623 Tel: 847-294-7623
FAX 847-294-8001FAX 847-294-8001
Aviation Safety Program ManagerAviation Safety Program Manager
Airworthiness RepresentativeAirworthiness Representative
Richard MilehamRichard Mileham
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OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVEOBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
This presentation is designed to This presentation is designed to
provide aviators with information provide aviators with information
concerning aircraft maintenance concerning aircraft maintenance
and preventative maintenance.and preventative maintenance.
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MAINTENANCEMAINTENANCE MAINTENANCEMAINTENANCE
Ensure the Ensure the Airworthiness Airworthiness of of the Aircraftthe Aircraft
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FEDERAL AVIATION FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS (FAR’s)REGULATIONS (FAR’s)FEDERAL AVIATION FEDERAL AVIATION
REGULATIONS (FAR’s)REGULATIONS (FAR’s)
FAR Part 1: Definitions and AbbreviationsFAR Part 1: Definitions and Abbreviations
FAR Part 43: Maintenance, Preventive FAR Part 43: Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding and Maintenance, Rebuilding and
Alterations Alterations
FAR Part 91: General Operating RulesFAR Part 91: General Operating Rules
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FAR Part 1Definition of......
FAR Part 1Definition of......
Preventive MaintenancePreventive Maintenance: :
“simple or minor preservation “simple or minor preservation
operations and the operations and the
replacement of replacement of small standard small standard
parts parts notnot involving complex involving complex
assembly operations.”assembly operations.”
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What is maintenance?
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Definitions continuedDefinitions continued
MaintenanceMaintenance: is; : is; InspectionsInspectionsOverhaulOverhaulRepairRepairPreservation Preservation andandReplacement of Replacement of
PartsParts
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FAR Part 91, Subpart EFAR Part 91, Subpart E
General OperatingGeneral Operating andand
Flight RulesFlight Rules
TOOLSTOOLS
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Maintenance Regulations in FAR Part 91
Maintenance Regulations in FAR Part 91
The 400 series of FAR Part 91 states the The 400 series of FAR Part 91 states the
maintenance regulations for owners and maintenance regulations for owners and
operators.operators.
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Who is responsible for the Airworthiness of the Aircraft
N1202
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For FAR Part 91 General Aviation Operations, the Owner or Operator is Primarily
Responsible
For FAR Part 91 General Aviation Operations, the Owner or Operator is Primarily
Responsible
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Part 91 continuedPart 91 continued
Specifically, FAR 91.403 (a) states: owner or Specifically, FAR 91.403 (a) states: owner or
operator is primarily responsible for operator is primarily responsible for
maintaining the aircraft in an airworthy maintaining the aircraft in an airworthy
condition.condition.
This includes compliance with Part 39.This includes compliance with Part 39.
FAR Part 39 concerns Airworthiness FAR Part 39 concerns Airworthiness
Directives.Directives.
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Part 91 continuedPart 91 continued
FAR 91.403(b) states: No person may FAR 91.403(b) states: No person may
perform maintenance, preventive perform maintenance, preventive
maintenance, or alterations on an aircraft maintenance, or alterations on an aircraft
other than prescribed in this subpart, and other than prescribed in this subpart, and
other applicable regulations, including other applicable regulations, including
Part 43.Part 43.
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Aircraft that have been certificated Aircraft that have been certificated in the in the Experimental Category.Experimental Category.
Did you know................Did you know................Did you know................Did you know................
All U.S. registered aircraft are All U.S. registered aircraft are required to be maintained in required to be maintained in accordance with the Federal accordance with the Federal Aviation Regulation Part 43 except Aviation Regulation Part 43 except for one category of aircraft.for one category of aircraft.
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Part 91 continuedPart 91 continued
FAR 91.405 Maintenance Required, paragraph FAR 91.405 Maintenance Required, paragraph
(b) states: Each owner of an aircraft shall (b) states: Each owner of an aircraft shall
ensure that maintenance personnel make ensure that maintenance personnel make
appropriate entries in the aircraft maintenance appropriate entries in the aircraft maintenance
records indicating the aircraft has been records indicating the aircraft has been
approved for return to service.approved for return to service.
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Part 91 continuedPart 91 continued
FAR 91.407 (a)(1) states: No person may operate any FAR 91.407 (a)(1) states: No person may operate any
aircraft that has undergone maintenance, preventive aircraft that has undergone maintenance, preventive
maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration unless it has maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration unless it has
been approved for return to service by a person been approved for return to service by a person
authorized under Part 43.7 authorized under Part 43.7 and .................and .................
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Part 91 continuedPart 91 continued
the maintenance record entry the maintenance record entry required by FAR 43.9 has been required by FAR 43.9 has been made.made.
MS PowerPoint 4.0 Presentation
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FAR 91 requires maintenance
to be performed in accordance with FAR 43
FAR 91 requires maintenance
to be performed in accordance with FAR 43
Lets take a look at the Lets take a look at the requirements of FAR 43requirements of FAR 43
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FAR 43.3 Persons Authorized FAR 43.3 Persons Authorized
Paragraph (g) states that a Paragraph (g) states that a
holder of a pilot certificate holder of a pilot certificate
may perform preventive may perform preventive
maintenance on any aircraft maintenance on any aircraft
owned or operated by that owned or operated by that
pilot.pilot.
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FAR 43.3 Persons Authorizedcontinued
FAR 43.3 Persons Authorizedcontinued
Provided the aircraft is not Provided the aircraft is not
being used under FAR Part being used under FAR Part
121, 127, 129, or 135.121, 127, 129, or 135.
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Remember what FAR 91.405 & 91.407 stated
about maintenance records?
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If maintenance is If maintenance is
performed, it must be performed, it must be
entered in a maintenance entered in a maintenance
record and approved for record and approved for
return to service by a return to service by a
person authorized.person authorized.
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FAR 43.7 Persons Authorized to Approve for Return to ServiceFAR 43.7 Persons Authorized to Approve for Return to Service
Paragraph (f) states a person Paragraph (f) states a person
holding at least a private pilot holding at least a private pilot
certificate may approve an certificate may approve an
aircraft for return to service aircraft for return to service
after performing preventive after performing preventive
maintenancemaintenance
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FAR 43.9 Content, Form and Disposition of Preventive Maintenance Records
FAR 43.9 Content, Form and Disposition of Preventive Maintenance Records
Paragraphs (a)(1),(2) & (4), states Paragraphs (a)(1),(2) & (4), states
each person who performs each person who performs
preventive maintenance shall preventive maintenance shall
make an entry in the maintenance make an entry in the maintenance
record of that equipment record of that equipment
containing the following:containing the following:
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A description of the work performed.A description of the work performed.
The date of completion The date of completion Total Aircraft Time = TAT
Your signature, certificate Your signature, certificate number, and kind of certificate.number, and kind of certificate.
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ie. ie.
Private Pilot =PP#123456789Private Pilot =PP#123456789
Commercial Pilot = CP#123456789Commercial Pilot = CP#123456789
ATP = ATP #123456789ATP = ATP #123456789
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..
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE RECORDDATE DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED SIGNATURE
01/21/98TAT. 4,625 Replaced Rt. Main landing gear Tire with Goodyear
Tach: 962 600X6, 6 ply rating . Followed procedures of Cessna Service Manual for
replacement of tire. Sec:..... Par:.....etc.
.
Ima B. Good Ima B. Good
PP #123456789
TachTime(Optional)
Airframe Log Book
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Lets take a look at what types of
preventive
maintenance you are authorized
to perform!
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PowerplantPowerplant replacing any hose replacing any hose
connection connection except; except;
hydraulic connectionshydraulic connections
Removing, checking, Removing, checking,
and replacing and replacing
magnetic chip magnetic chip
detectors, detectors, and and
Replacing any cowling,Replacing any cowling,
Unless `Unless `
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Removal of the propRemoval of the prop
is required to get the nose is required to get the nose bowl offbowl off
“UNLESS”
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Powerplant continuedPowerplant continued
replacing prefabricated fuel replacing prefabricated fuel
lineslines
cleaning or replacing fuel and oil cleaning or replacing fuel and oil
strainer or filtersstrainer or filters
replacing or cleaning spark replacing or cleaning spark
plugs and setting gapplugs and setting gap
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Landing GearLanding Gear
landing gear tires, servicing landing gear tires, servicing
strutsstruts
wheel bearings wheel bearings
safety wire or cotter keyssafety wire or cotter keys
lubrication, not requiring lubrication, not requiring
disassemblydisassembly
replacing wheels and skis replacing wheels and skis
where no W&B is involvedwhere no W&B is involved
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Did you say that as a Pilot,I can change my own tires ??
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Fuselage & InteriorFuselage & Interior
Replenishing hydraulic fluidReplenishing hydraulic fluid
Replacing side windows Replacing side windows ????
Repairing upholsteryRepairing upholstery
Replacing safety beltsReplacing safety belts
Replacing seats or seat partsReplacing seats or seat parts
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Fuselage & Interiorcontinued
Fuselage & Interiorcontinued
Replacing & servicing batteriesReplacing & servicing batteries
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ElectricalElectrical
Trouble shooting and repairing Trouble shooting and repairing
broken circuits in landing light broken circuits in landing light
wiringwiring
Replacing bulbs, reflectors, & lenses Replacing bulbs, reflectors, & lenses
or position or landing lightsor position or landing lights
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General Preventive MaintenanceItems
General Preventive MaintenanceItems
simple fabric patchessimple fabric patches refinishing decorative coatingsrefinishing decorative coatings applying preservative or protective materialsapplying preservative or protective materials making simple repairs to fairings, making simple repairs to fairings,
nonstructural itemsnonstructural items
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General Preventive MaintenanceItems continued
General Preventive MaintenanceItems continued
installation of anti installation of anti misfueling devices misfueling devices
replacement or adjustment of replacement or adjustment of nonstruc- tural fastenersnonstruc- tural fasteners
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Primary Category AircraftPrimary Category Aircraft
Inspection and maintenance Inspection and maintenance
tasks for your aircraft provided tasks for your aircraft provided
you have at least a private you have at least a private
pilot’s license, you are the pilot’s license, you are the
registered owner, and work is registered owner, and work is
performed in accordance with performed in accordance with
the manufacturer’s the manufacturer’s
instructions.instructions.
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This information can be found in FAR Part 43 Appendix A
This information can be found in FAR Part 43 Appendix A
Paragraph (c), Preventive Paragraph (c), Preventive Maintenance states in part :Maintenance states in part :
Preventive Maintenance is limited Preventive Maintenance is limited
to the aforementioned work, to the aforementioned work,
provided it does not involve provided it does not involve
complex assembly operations.complex assembly operations.
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Airworthiness Certificate
..
6
VOID
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Airworthiness CertificateBlock 6. TERMS AND CONDITIONSUnless sooner surrendered, suspended, revoked, or a termination date is otherwise established by the Administrator, this airworthiness certificate is effective as long as the maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations are performed in accordance with Parts 21, 43, and 91 of the Federal Aviation Regulations, as appropriate, and the aircraft is registered in the United States.
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Sample Log EntriesSample Log Entries
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Sample Log EntriesSample Log Entries&&
FAR Part 43 Appendix A (c)FAR Part 43 Appendix A (c)(English Version)(English Version)
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Aircraft Make: Cessna Date: 01/21/98Model: 172M TAT: 4,625 HrsSerial No. 18454 Eng: SMOH: 962 HrsEng TT: 2,762 Hrs Prop: TT. 962 HrsCessna 172 Service Manual is Available.
Maintenance ScenarioFAR 43.9, FAR 91.417Maintenance ScenarioFAR 43.9, FAR 91.417
___
Make a Typical log book entry indicating the replacement of theRight main landing gear Tire and typical return to service.
You are a Certificated Private Pilot,A&P Mechanic or Repairman
Certificate # 123456789
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AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE RECORDDATE DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED SIGNATURE
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AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE RECORDDATE DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED SIGNATURE
01/21/98TAT. 4,625 Replaced Rt. Main landing gear Tire with Goodyear
Tach: 962 600X6, 6 ply rating. Followed procedures of Cessna Service Manual for
replacement of tire. Sec:..... Par:.....etc.
Ima B. Good Ima B. Good
PP #123456789
Airframe Log Book
Tach Time(Optional)
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Maintenance ScenarioFAR 43.9, & FAR 91.417Maintenance ScenarioFAR 43.9, & FAR 91.417
Aircraft Make: Cessna Date: 01/21/98Model: 172M TAT: 4,625 HrsSerial No. 18454 Eng: SMOH: 962 HrsEng TT: 2,762 Hrs Prop: TT. 962 HrsCessna 172, and Lycoming Service Manual is Available, and AC 43.13-1A, .
______________________________________________________Make a Typical log book entry indicating the replacement of the Spark Plugs, and typical return to service.
You are a Certificated Pilot, Mechanic,or Repairman
Cert #123456789
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POWERPLANT MAINTENANCE LOG BOOK
POWERPLANT MAINTENANCE LOG BOOK
ENGINE MAINTENANCE RECORDDATE DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED SIGNATURE
Removed and Replaced all spark plugs, installed 8 new Champion REM1234 spark plugsin accordance with Lycoming service instructions Used anti seize compound on threads and torqued to specifications as stated in service manual, Eng run and Mag check OK.
Ima B. Good Ima B. Good PP#123456789
01/21/98Eng: TT:2,762Hrs
SMOH:962 Hrs
Tach: 962 Hrs(optional)
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POWERPLANT MAINTENANCE LOG BOOK
POWERPLANT MAINTENANCE LOG BOOK
ENGINE MAINTENANCE RECORDDATE DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED SIGNATURE
04/21/98 Changed oil Added 8 Quarts of Added 8 Quarts of Aeroshell
Engine TT2,762 Hrs.
SMOH962 Hrs.
50 compounded Oil
Removed & Inspected oil screen and re-installedRemoved & Inspected oil screen and re-installedin accordance with service manual
Ima B. GoodIma B. GoodIma B. Good
PP # 123456789
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Safe and Happy
Flying
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RememberRemember
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Produced for
Airworthiness Safety Program ManagerAirworthiness Safety Program Manager