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PHOTOGRAPHY COMPOSITION USING THE ELEMENTS AND
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
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ELEMENTS
The basic building blocks of a visual design: Line Shape/Form Space Value Texture Color
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LINE Directs the eye – horizontal, vertical,
diagonal, curvy, zig-zag, etc. Can be actual obvious lines or the
borders or edges of shapes
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SHAPE / FORM A contained area Shapes are 2-Dimensional Forms are 3-Dimensional
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SHAPE / FORM Can be GEOMETRIC (artificial) or can be
ORGANIC (natural) Used to create a sense of space and
substance
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SPACE Positive space – the area the objects/subject
takes up Negative space – the area around, under,
through and between
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SPACE Foreground (closest), middle ground, and
background (farthest) Can be open, crowded, near, far, etc. Gives the photo depth
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VALUE Black & white and all shades of gray in between In colour photos, value refers to dark and light Can add drama and impact to composition
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TEXTURE Surface quality (rough, smooth, pointy, etc.) How an object feels, or how it looks like it feels Adds interest! Appeals to sense of sight & touch
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COLOUR Can be WARM (red, orange, yellow) or COOL
(blue, green, violet) Helps to give emotional impact
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COLOUR Red, yellow, and blue are PRIMARY colours COMPLIMENTARY colours are opposite on the
colour wheel (red-green, yellow-violet, blue-orange) and make each other appear brighter
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PRINCIPLES
How the ELEMENTS of design are used to create artistic, interesting, and visually appealing photographs: Emphasis Balance Unity/Harmony Contrast Movement Pattern/Repetition
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EMPHASIS Also known as the FOCAL POINT What part of the photograph does the viewer’s
eye go to first? What is the most important?
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BALANCE A sense of stability and equal weight in a photo Can be SYMETRICAL (both sides are the same)
or ASYMETRICAL (each side is different)
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UNITY / HARMONY When all parts of a photograph work together
as a whole and nothing overpowers
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CONTRAST The opposites and differences in a photograph You can achieve variety by using different
shapes, textures, colors, etc.
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MOVEMENT Adds excitement by showing action and/or
directing the viewer’s eye around the photo
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PATTERN / REPETITION An element that occurs over and over again The element might repeat in a consistent
pattern, or a variety of ways