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The Art and Science of Depiction
Fredo DurandMIT- Lab for Computer Science
Tone and color system
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Tone & color system 2
Color and Tone System
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Tone & color system 3
Representation systems• Drawing and projection
• Denotation• Tone & color
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Tone & color system 4
Tone & color system• (Often a mix)
• Extrinsic• Intrinsic
• Symbolic
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Tone & color system 5
Extrinsic color• Renzo
PianoTjibaou cultural center 1991-98
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Tone & color system 6
Extrinsic black and white• Gordon Park,
Red Jackson Gang Leader
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Tone & color system 7
Optical intrinsic• Boticelli Primavera 1482
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Tone & color system 8
Pure intrinsic colors• Jawlensky
Girl with Peonies• +symbolic+harmony
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Tone & color system 9
Plan• Intro
• Shading• Shadows
• Atmospheric perspective
• Light transfers• Photography
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Tone & color system 10
Why a separate system?• Willats discusses it
only/mainly for the optical denotation system
• But historically it is the major issue with drawing
• It is clearly a different problem from that of dimension and denotation
• Relevant as well for other denotation systems
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Tone & color system 11
Denotation system and tone & color• Silhouette: color of the regions
• Line drawing– Line color– Line thickness
• Optical– Point color & tone
– Texture
• More an “attribute system” than just tone & color
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Tone & color system 12
Denotation system and tone & color
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Tone & color system 13
Denotation system and tone & color
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Denotation system and tone & color• Braque Un Poeme Dans Chaque Livre
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Tone & color system 15
Denotation system and tone & color
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Tone & color system 16
Denotation system and tone & color• Amedeo Modigliani
Tete et buste de profil avec boucle d'oreille 1912
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Tone & color system 17
Picture color dimensions• Tone
• Hue• Saturation
• Simultaneous contrast
• Texture
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Tone & color system 18
Beyond color• Material properties
• Painting• Gold
• Etc.
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Tone & color system 19
Color origin• Physical extrinsic
• Physical intrinsic• Symbolic/importance
• Color harmony
• Limitation compensation (or accentuation)
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Tone & color system 20
Color and symbol
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Tone & color system 21
Issues• 2D/3D
– 2D color composition
– Color linked to the 3D scene
• Per mark/per primitive– Is the color constant on a mark?– Is it constant on a primitive?– Does it vary in the mark
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Tone & color system 22
Example• Paul Klee
Hoffmanneske Szene 1921
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Tone & color system 23
Example
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Tone & color system 24
Palette and medium• Different media permit different ranges of colors
– E.g. pastels, pencil, watercolor, b/w photo
• The medium can be chosen for the palette
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Tone & color system 25
Color and aging
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Tone & color system 26
Restoration• Michelangelo The Creation of Adam 1508-1512
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Tone & color system 27
Church and color
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Tone & color system 28
Church and color
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Tone & color system 29
Light in the scene• Intrinsic reflectance
• Different light sources• Outgoing light
• Shadows– Self shadows
– Cast shadows
• Shading
• Inter-reflection
• Atmospheric perspective
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Tone & color system 30
Constancy and scene analysis• Segmentation into layers
– Illumination
– Reflectance– Transparency
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Tone & color system 31
Light• Point light source
• Directional light source (sun)• Extended light source
• Hemispherical light source (sky)
• Ambient light• Global illumination
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Tone & color system 32
Light• Fall-off
• Attenuation
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Tone & color system 33
Light in CG
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Tone & color system 34
Plan• Intro
• Shading• Shadows
• Atmospheric perspective
• Light transfers• Photography
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Tone & color system 35
Light and shape depiction• Shading
• Highlight• Shadow
• Inter-reflection
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Tone & color system 36
Shading & BRDF• Bi-Directional Reflectance distribution function
• Ratio of light arriving from one direction bouncing in another direction
• 4D function (2*2 angles)
normalincoming light
outgoing light
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Tone & color system 37
Shading & BRDF• 2 main components
– Diffuse (omni-directional)
– Specular (directional) : highlight
normalincoming light
normalincoming light
diffuse specular
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Tone & color system 38
Shading & BRDF• Diffuse
– Depends on angle between light and normal
normalincoming light
diffuse
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Tone & color system 39
Shading & BRDF
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Tone & color system 40
Shading & BRDF
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Tone & color system 41
Chiaroscuro
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Tone & color system 42
Saturation shading• Andreas Mantegna,
Madonna and Child with St John the Baptist and Mary Magdalene,1495
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Tone & color system 43
Saturation shading• Andreas Mantegna,
Madonna and Child with St John the Baptist and Mary Magdalene,1495
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Tone & color system 44
Shading and make up
Snapshot-Perspective-Speed, aperture-Filter-Lighting-Processing & Print-Make up-Retouching
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Tone & color system 45
Shading and corrective lighting
Snapshot-Perspective-Speed, aperture-Filter-Lighting-Processing & Print-Make up-Retouching
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Tone & color system 46
Lighting and shading• Alfred Krupp
photographed in 1963by Arnold Newman
• Because Krupp hadbenefited from the nazis
• Un-friendly lighting
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Tone & color system 47
Plan• Intro
• Shading• Shadows
• Atmospheric perspective
• Light transfers• Photography
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Tone & color system 48
Shadow
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Tone & color system 49
Shadow• Self , cast and attached shadows
– (or primary and secondary, double shadow, etc.)
• Not local
• Can be distracting• Have been depicted or not depending on period
• Hard/soft shadow
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Tone & color system 50
Self and cast shadow
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Tone & color system 51
Soft shadow
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Tone & color system 52
Shadow• Pozzo
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Tone & color system 53
Shadows• 18th century
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Tone & color system 54
Shadows• 18th century
• Lambert
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Tone & color system 55
Shadow• Raphael vs. Master of the Mornauer
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Tone & color system 56
Shadow• Campin, Trinity1427-32
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Tone & color system 57
Shadow• Caravaggio The Supper at Emmaus 1601
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Tone & color system 58
Shadow• Guardi 1755
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Tone & color system 59
Shadow
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Tone & color system 60
Shadow• Rembrandt
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Tone & color system 61
Shadow• Follower of
Rembrandt A Man seated reading at a table in a lofty room 1631-50
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Tone & color system 62
Shadow & Trompe-l’oeil • Rembrandt
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Tone & color system 63
Shadow & Trompe-l’oeil
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Tone & color system 64
Shadow reveal shape
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Tone & color system 65
Colored shadow
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Tone & color system 66
Shadow reveal
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Tone & color system 67
Shadow reveal
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Tone & color system 68
Shadow reveal
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Tone & color system 69
Shadow• [Waltz 75]
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Tone & color system 70
Plan• Intro
• Shading• Shadows
• Atmospheric perspective
• Light transfers• Photography
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Tone & color system 71
Atmospheric perspective• Saturation
• Hue• Precision
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Tone & color system 72
Atmospheric perspective• Leonardo
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Tone & color system 73
Atmospheric perspective• Titian, Bacchus
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Tone & color system 74
Atmospheric perspective• R. Earlom, Pastoral Scene, 1774
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Tone & color system 75
Plan• Intro
• Shading• Shadows
• Atmospheric perspective
• Light transfers• Photography
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Tone & color system 76
Global illumination• Light inter-reflection
• Each surface is a secondary light source• Crucial for indoor scenes
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Tone & color system 77
Global illumination
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Tone & color system 78
Global illumination
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Tone & color system 79
Global illumination
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Tone & color system 80
Global illumination
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Tone & color system 81
Global illumination
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Tone & color system 82
Counter-example: painting with light
Snapshot-Perspective-Speed, aperture-Filter-Lighting-Processing & Print-Make up-Retouching
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Tone & color system 83
Global illumination & production• Mostly unused
• Because artists wantlocal control
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Tone & color system 84
Global illumination & production
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Tone & color system 85
Plan• Intro
• Shading• Shadows
• Atmospheric perspective
• Light transfers• Photography
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Tone & color system 86
Three Point Lighting• Key light
– Main and visible lighting
• Fill light– Fill-in shadows
• Back light– Emphasize silhouette
– Make subject stand out
• Independent lighting
Snapshot-Perspective-Speed, aperture-Filter-Lighting-Processing & Print-Make up-Retouching
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Tone & color system 87
Portrait lighting
Snapshot-Perspective-Speed, aperture-Filter-Lighting-Processing & Print-Make up-Retouching
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Tone & color system 88
Filter for black and white
Snapshot-Perspective-Speed, aperture-Filter-Lighting-Processing & Print-Make up-Retouching
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Tone & color system 89
Dodging and Burning• Clearing Winter Storm
Snapshot-Perspective-Speed, aperture-Filter-Lighting-Processing & Print-Make up-Retouching
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Tone & color system 90
Haze filtering• Haze is bluish
No filter Blue filter Red filterSnapshot-Perspective-Speed, aperture-Filter-Lighting-Processing & Print-Make up-Retouching
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Tone & color system 91
Example• Edgar Degas
Ballet Dancer in Position facing 3/4 front 1872
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Tone & color system 92
Example• Tom Purvis 1935