Download - The Arab Kingdom of the Umayyads
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The Arab Kingdom of the Umayyads
HIST 10079/18/13
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Shi’ism
• Shi’ite `Ali – Partisans of `Ali• Should the caliph be a descendant of the
Prophet Muhammad?• Ahl al-bayt• Fatima + `Ali• Imamate• When do these ideas develop?
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Mu`awiyah and the Umayyads
• Mu`awiyah (r. 661-680)• End of shura, becomes caliph by treaty• Moves capital to Damascus• Return of Arab tribal patriarchy• Strength of the state over religiosity• Jihad state• 674-678 – Siege of Constantinople
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Yazid and the Second Fitna
• Yazid b. Mu`awiyah (r. 680-683)• Hereditary Caliphate• What does this do to the caliphate?• Husayn b. `Ali and Karbala (680)• Shi’ism and Martyrdom
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Yazid and the Second Fitna
• Revolt of `Abdallah b. al-Zubayr (680-692)• Yazid b. Mu`awiyah (r. 680-683)• Mu`awiyah II b. Yazid (r. 683-684)• Marwan I b. al-Hakam (r. 684-685)• `Abd al-Malik b. Marwan (r. 685-705)• Move from Sufyanids to Marwanids
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`Abd al-Malik b. Marwan (r. 685-705)
• Fifth Umayyad Caliph, first to rule a unified caliphate
• Imperial Islam• Syrian military• Arabic as official language• Reformed currency
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Dome of the Rock (691)
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Dome of the Rock
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Dome of the Rock
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Dome of the Rock
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Umayyad Mosque of Damascus (completed in 715)
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Umayyad Mosque of Damascus
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Umayyad Mosque of Damascus
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Umayyad Mosque of Damascus
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Umayyad Mosque of Damascus
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Qasr `Amra (early 8th century)
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Qasr `Amra
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Qasr `Amra
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Qasr `Amra
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Qasr al-Khayr al-Sharqi