Download - The Age of Enlightenment
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The Age of Enlightenment
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Origins of the Enlightenment
Science Newton’s Principia If the universe
could be explained by math, then how about: Human Behavior? Politics? Religion?
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Origins of the Enlightenment
Religion Deism – God is
distant and uninvolved
Pantheism – God and nature are the same
God’s works will be revealed through science, not scripture
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Characteristics of The Enlightenment
Rationalism – reason in all things Secularism – science in religion Utilitarianism – greatest good for the
greatest number Tolerance (As long as you are a white
man) Optimism – man is good Freedom – end of absolutism Constitutionalism – written rights
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Thomas Hobbes & John Locke
Hobbes Poor English Oxford Well Traveled Man is evil
Locke Rich English Oxford Well Traveled Man is good
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Social Contract The agreements by which people
form nations and maintain a social order
People agree to give up some rights to the government to receive social order
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Thomas Hobbes
“From the equality of ability arises the equality of hope in the attaining of our ends…if any two men desire the same thing…they become enemies.”
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Thomas Hobbes
“From the equality of ability arises the equality of hope in the attaining of our ends…if any two men desire the same thing…they become enemies.”
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Hobbes Without law we’d
live like animals Without government
we’d live in a state of nature
So… Only a powerful
government (absolute monarch) could ensure an orderly society
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John Locke
“The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it which obliges every one… No one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty and possessions…”
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John Locke
“The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it which obliges every one… No one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty and possessions…”
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LockeRights A claim to
have or obtain something
Natural Rights Life – freedom
from threats Liberty –
freedom from domination
Property – freedom for economic gain
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Locke
Government Cannot exist without the consent of
the governed Should have limited power The people can overthrow a
government if: The people anticipate it will soon fail It violates people’s natural rights