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The 1920s
I. “Roaring”
A. Business
B. Fun & Heroes
C. Women
II. Politics• Prohibition & Scandal
III. “Other” Side
A. Farmers
B. Teaching Evolution
C. Nativism
Key Terms• Charles Lindbergh• “Flapper”• Teapot Dome• McNary/Haugen• Scopes Trial• National Origins Act• KKK
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Announcements: Extra Credit
• Friday 3/5 at 7:30: Otis Murphy (Classical Saxophonist) at Ludington Center for the Arts
• Gypsy: March 12, 13; 19, 20 at 7:30; March 14 & 21 at 2:00 at Manistee’s Ramsdell Theater
• WSCC students will be admitted free if they make reservations at the WSCC Box Office M-F 8-12:00 or leave a message at 843-5507
• To do: Attend the event & write a summary (one page, single-spaced, typed, 350 word)
• Up to five points can be added to your discussion grade by attending the event & writing about it
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US Economy Prospered
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Economic Expansion (1923-1929)
Stock Market (1923-1929)
US economy was very “Consumer-Oriented”
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Consumer-Oriented Economy: Radio
• 14 million American families owned radios by 1930
Advertisement for RCA Victor Radio
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Consumer-Oriented Economy: Autos
• 60% of US families owned a car by 1930
• Ford’s Model T was dominant up to mid 1920s– Cost in 1908: $850– Cost in 1916: $360Ford’s Assembly Line at
Highland Park, 1928
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Consumer-Oriented Economy: Autos
• Credit was available • Ended isolation &
TRANSFORMED dating patterns
Ford Advertisement Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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July 4 At Nantasket Beach, Massachusetts
(Early 1920s)
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Impact Of This Consumer Economy
• Indebtedness increased
• A sense of sameness & conformity developed
• Environmental impact
Consumer Borrowing In The 1920s
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Fun & Heroes
Louis Armstrong
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Babe Ruth
Rudolph Valentino
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Fun & Heroes
• Flew alone from New York to Paris in 1927
• Became an important symbol: – US individuality
combined with technology can accomplish anything!
Charles Lindbergh
(1902-1974)
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Political cartoon laments the change in social values(1927)
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Women’s Roles
• Bobbed hair, a short skirt, & cigarette
• Jazz music & danced the Charleston
• Drank alcohol & openly discussed sex
Life Magazine Cover July 4, 1926
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Flapper
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Women’s Roles/Music & Generation Gap• A “Generation Gap”
seemed to be developing between parents & their children
“Blues” by Archibald Motley, 1929
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Prohibition(1920-1933)
• 18th Amendment: “the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors…is hereby prohibited.”
Dumping Barrels of Alcohol
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Prohibition: Consumption Did Drop
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Michigan & Prohibition
As much as 27% of the annual budget to enforce Prohibition nationally was spent in the state of Michigan alone
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Harding Administration Scandals
• Albert Fall = Secretary of Interior– Allowed oil companies
to drill on lands in California & Teapot Dome, WY
– He received “loans” (bribes) in return
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Teapot Dome Window Hanger
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President Warren Harding(1921-1923)
• Died of a heart attack
Harding With His Dog Laddie
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
• Enjoyed poker parties & good liquor
• Plagued by scandal
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1920s Politics
• Calvin Coolidge became President following Harding’s death
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Coolidge Cartoon
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US Farmers prospered during WWI….but not after the war
1913 1918
Corn $.70/bushel $1.52/bushel
Cotton $.12/lb. $.29/lb.
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Farmers’ Problems
• Between 1919-1921 total farm income fell from $10 billion to $4 billion
• Many looked to the government for help
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McNary-Haugen: A Possible Solution
1. US government would purchase surplus crops
2. Excess products would then be sold on the world market
3. Passed by Congress in 1927 & 1928
Vetoed Twice By Coolidge
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Scopes Trial(1925)
• State of Tennessee outlawed teaching of evolution in schools
• John Scopes violated the law & went on trial; gained national attention
• Scopes was convictedClarence Darrow & William
Jennings Bryan
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Rise Of Nativism
• Americans were concerned about all things foreign; – Legacy of WWI– Influenza epidemic killed 50 million world-
wide & at least 550,000 in US
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Death Rate From Influenza & Pneumonia (1900-1960)
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Rise Of Nativism
• Americans were concerned about all things foreign; – Legacy of WWI– Influenza epidemic killed 50 million world-wide &
at least 550,000 in US
– Restrictive immigration laws– Rise of Ku Klux Klan
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National Origins Act(1924)
• Established a “quota system” whereby immigration would be limited
• Impacted immigrants from Southern & Eastern Europe the most
• Virtually ended immigration from Asia
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Supporters of Immigration Changes Wrote Songs
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Re-Emergence Of The KKK
• Re-emerged in 1920s: 2-5 million members in US
• Motto = 100% Americanism– Anti-black, anti-Jewish,
anti-Catholic, anti-foreigner
• In Michigan, it was strongest in Detroit & Flint
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
KKK Pamphlet “America For Americans”
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KKK In Owasso, MI
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The 1920s
I. “Roaring”
A. Business
B. Fun & Heroes
C. Women
II. Politics• Prohibition & Scandal
III. “Other” Side
A. Farmers
B. Teaching Evolution
C. Nativism
Key Terms• Charles Lindbergh• “Flapper”• Teapot Dome• McNary/Haugen• Scopes Trial• National Origins Act• KKK