Download - [Thaytro.net] morphology
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Jessie Grace U. Rubrico, PhD Facilitator
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SOUND •Phonetics •Phonology
STRUCT-URE
•Morphology •Syntax
MEANING • Semantics •Pragmatics
LINGUISTICS
English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico
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English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico
Phrases, etc
word
syllable
sounds
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English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico
PHONETICS
SOUNDS : FEATURES
PHONOLOGY
PHONEME: SYLLABLE
MORPHOLOGY
MORPHEME WORD DERIVATION
WORD
STRUCTURE
FEATURES PHONEME SYLLABLE MORPHEME WORD PHRASES CLAUSES
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Root Affixes
cars car -s
beautifully beauty -ful; -ly
written write -en
nearly near -ly
English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico
morphemes
smallest unit of meaning
rootword - one morpheme-
word
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Polysyllabic Words Rootword Prefix Suffix Morphemes
1. careless care -less 2
2. misleading lead mis- -ing 3
3. disloyalty loyal dis- -ty 3
4. disrespectfully respect dis- -ful; -ly 4
5. untruthfulness
6. previewer
7. shortened English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico
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morpheme
free
content/ lexical
function
bound
derivational
inflectional
English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico
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morphemes that can stand alone
content/lexical words
– nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs
function words – pronouns, prepositions, determiners,
conjunctions
English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico
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affixes: prefixes, suffixes
derivational - make new words or change their categories
inflectional – changes the form of the word but not its meaning
- indicates grammatical function: number [singular/plural]
tense; comparatives; possessive English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico
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make new words or change their categories
Noun > Adj care care+ -ful > careful care+ -less > careless Adj > Noun good good + -ness > goodness lovely lovely + -ness > loveliness
English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico
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Base Suffix
Noun +-ful Adj beauty + -ful
Verb + -ment Noun establish + -ment
Verb + -er Noun do + -er; work + -er
Verb + -ive Adj prohibit + -ive
Noun + -en Verb light + -en Adjective + -en Verb short + -en
Adjective + -ness Noun good +-ness Adjective + -ly Adv beautiful + -ly
English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico
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English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico
– changes the form of the word but not its meaning
-indicates grammatical function
number : plural or singular – boys, books possession : ownership –attached to nouns tense : past or present tense – dances, danced
Inflectional Morpheme
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bound to nouns [Noun +] - –‘s / s’ (possessive) : Mary’s, the childrens’ –s (plural), books, boys
bound to verbs [Verb +] -s (3rd person, singular) – dances, watches -ing (present participle) – dancing, watching -ed (past tense) – danced, watched -en/-ed (past participle) - they’ve done it
bound to adjectives [Adj +] –er : darker - est : darkest
English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico
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/indefiniteness/ - a before a consonant - a boy an before a vowel - an apple ▪ /plural/ ▪ cat + /plural/ -[s] after voiceless segment: [kæts] ▪ dog + /plural/- [z] after voiced segment : [dɔgz] [dɒgz] ▪ judge + /plural/-[әz] after voiced segment
sheep + /plural/ - sheep + Ø : sheep man + /plural/ - æ > ε : men (suppletion)
English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico
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storage of words in a language; dictionary
contents:
phonological information/pronunciation meaning, related words, sentence use spelling etymology (historical development)
> not contain in the mental lexicon
English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico
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phonological information
- sounds and phonotactics
semantic information– meaning
morphological information –formation of relations in word: past tense (V), plural (N)
syntactic information -category (noun or verb) and usage
English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico
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Content words: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs
lexical morphemes denote concepts like objects, actions,
attributes, ideas, etc.
semantic content (meaning)
open class words – add new words: download, byte, email
English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico
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Function words : determiners/ articles, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions
grammatical function- connect words to other words or phrases
closed class -articles a/an and the – marks definiteness/indef of nouns
preposition of -marks possession, etc.
English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico
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Nouns
Adjectives
Verbs-
Adverbs – modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs –
English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico
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English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico
Lexical/grammatical categories
1. words with parallel book –books ; dog - dogs nouns
forms belong to tall- taller-tallest adjectives
the same category small-smaller-smallest verbs
walk – walks, walked
play-plays-played
2. co-occurrence-
Nouns preceded by a determiner the cat, my car, an egg
take plural forms
regular book-books
irregular tooth – teeth, sheep-sheep
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English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico
Lexical Categories Verbs preceded by modals will, can, may, might, etc
Adjectives take very, or too; more, the most
3. relying on the meaning or function
nouns name persons, places, things, etc.
adjectives name qualities or properties of nouns
verbs -describe action
transitive – requires a noun phrase after it (object)
Intransitive – does not require a noun after it
adverbs – modifying adjectives swiftly, sweetly, courageously, usually, quickly; very/too tall
modifying verbs often; here, soon, now
modifying adverbs very soon, really incredible
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English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico
Grammatical Categories pronouns personal person- first, second, third
demonstrative this, these; that, those
interrogative who, what, etc.
relative- relates to the preceding NP
who, that, which, whose, whom–
indefinite someone, anyone, somebody
determiners: precede nouns
def/indef articles the, a, an
demonstratives this, that, these, those
possessives my, our, your, her
interrogatives which what, whose
prepositions -typically precede a noun
conjunctions
-conjunctions coordinating conjunctions and, but, or
-conjoin words of the same category
-subordinators subordinating conjunctions that, whenever, while, because
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McGregor, William B. 2009. Linguistics: An Introduction. London: Continuum International Publishing Group.
O'Grady, William D., Archibald, John, [eds.] (2009). Contemporary Linguistic Analysis: An Introduction, 6th edition. Ontario: Pearson Education Canada.
Yule G. 2006. The study of language. Cambridge: CUP.
English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico