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8/3/2019 Texas; Rainwater Harvesting Soil Storage and Infiltration Systems - Part 2
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Rainwater Harvesting:
Soil Storage and
Infiltration SystemsJustin K. Mechell
Texas Cooperative ExtensionDepartment of Biological and Agricultural EngineeringTexas A&M University
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How Rainwater Harvesting Works
Types of Systems
Simple and complex systems Simple: distributes rainwater
immediately
Complex: stores some or allof rainwater for later use
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Rainwater Soil Storage and Infiltration
System Components Source
Collection
Diversion Gutters and downspouts
Piping- PVC
Storage Gravel trench
Chambers
Polystyrene peanuts
Water use Soil infiltration and Vegetation
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Rainwater Soil Storage and Infiltration
System Components
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Why use a Soil Storage and Infiltration
System system? Water is a valuable resource
Urbanization Increased runoff frequency and
volume
Thermal shock
Runoff quality
Groundwater recharge
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Urbanization- Increased Surface Runoff
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Stormwater Runoff Rate
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Water Quality Impairments
Potential to introduce
new pollutants intosurface water
Construction activities
Pesticides
Fertilizers
Spills/Leaks
Affects human health
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Menard CityLibrary
Menard, Texas,USA
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Water Quality Impairments
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Is a soil storage and infiltration system
feasible? Utilizes current guttering
and downspouts
Materials
Catch basin
PVC piping
Storage Chambers
Typically gravity fed
system No pumps or
electricity needed
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When is a soil storage and infiltration
system not feasible? Existing
landscaping
Excavation
Slope
Space
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How do I determine where the system
should be located? Site Selection
Geography Topography
Vegetative cover
Separation distances
Water movement
Soil characteristics
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How do I determine where the system
should be located? Geography
Climate
Warm vs Cold
Rainfall patterns
Size
Frequency
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How do I determine where the system
should be located? Topography
Systems are gravity fed Overall slope in the area should be
away from the structure
Structural foundation issuescould arise
Shrink/Swell of soil
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How do I determine where the system
should be located? Vegetative Cover
No woody plants or trees Plug openings
Grass cover over the storage and infiltration
trench Aids in removing moisture from the area
Prevents erosion
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How do I determine where the system
should be located? Separation distances
Use Onsite sewage system separation distancesas a guide (Title 30 of the Texas AdministrativeCode, Chapter 285, Table X)
Prevent possible water contamination issues
Protect structural integrity
Shrink/Swell of soil
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How do I determine where the system
should be located? Water movement and Soil characteristics
Soil characteristics influence water movement
Soil profile (horizons) Impermeable layers Seasonal groundwater indicators
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How do I determine where the system
should be located? Water movement and Soil
characteristics
Soil characteristics influencewater movement Soil textural class
Percent distribution of differentsized organic particles
Soil Particle Particle Diameter
(mm)
Gravel >2.0
Sand 0.05 – 2.0
Silt 0.002 – 0.05
Clay < 0.002
Soil Particle Sizes (USDA, 1993)
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How can I determine my soil texture
classification? Natural Resource Conservation Service Soil
Survey Reports Onsite Texture Analysis
Texture by feel method
(only if you have advanced knowledge of soils)
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How do I determine where the system
should be located? Soil Texture
Triangle
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How do I determine my soil profile?
Natural Resource
Conservation Service SoilSurvey Reports
Dig an observation hole
Dig 2 feet below the bottomtrench excavation depth
Examine the profile forimpermeable layers andseasonal ground water markers
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What should I take into consideration for
my design? Roof washer
Catch basin Required storage
volume
Trench construction
Observation port
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What should I take into consideration for
my design? Roof washer
“Poor Man’s Roof Washer” PVC stand pipe
Commercially available
Contains a baffle and a removable filter Typically contained within a 30 to 50 gallon tank
Installed just ahead of the infiltration trench
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What should I take into consideration for
my design? Catch basin
Floating debris
Settling debris
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What should I take into consideration for
my design? Required
storage volume
Catchment areaand desiredstorm
Rainfall Depth
(in.)
Volume
(ft3)
Volume
(gallons)
0.5 4.2 311.0 8.3 62
1.5 12.5 94
2.0 16.7 125
2.5 20.8 156
3.0 25.0 187
Accumulated Rainwater Volumes from Common Rainfall Events(Based on a 100 ft2 Catchment Area and 100% Collection Efficiency)
h h ld k i id i f
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What should I take into consideration for
my design? Required storage
volume
Expected volume
)(
12
)(
#
)( 32
ft Volume ficient RunoffCoef
ft
in
inrm DesiredSto
tsofDownspou
ft RoofArea=××
R i f ll C ffi i
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Rainfall Coefficients
Listed in the Soil Storage and Infiltration SystemFact Sheet
It is the yield of rainwater you can expect to
actually collect
Wh h ld I k i id i f
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What should I take into consideration for
my design? Required storage
volume
Required number ofchambers
Downspout
ofChambers
perChamber ft Volume
ft Volume #
)(
)(3
3
=
Wh h ld I k i id i f
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What should I take into consideration for
my design? Required storage
volume
If chamber system is notused
Required length of
storage
Downspout
orage LengthofSt
fStorage perLengtho ft Volume
ft Volume=
)(
)(3
3
H d I d i T h?
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How do I design my Trench?
Trench
Depth should be at least 1 foot greater than the height of
the chamber Bottom elevation should be level to within 1” over 25’ and
within 3” over the entire length of excavation
Width should be at least 6” wider than the chamber
H d I d i T h?
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How do I design my Trench?
Trench layout
Minimum of 6” of gravel should be placed along the
bottom
Gravel should be backfilled to the top of the chamber
Geo-textile fabric should be placed over the top of the
gravel Backfill with at least 6” of native soil
Mound to facilitate good drainage and allow for settling
H d I d i m Tr h?
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How do I design my Trench?
Observation Port
Should be located at the
end of the trench
Should rise to ground level
Cap should be secure but
removable
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Menard CityLibrary
Menard, Texas,USA
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Operation and Maintenance
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Operation and Maintenance
Key to the success and long term operation
of the system
Operation and Maintenance
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Operation and Maintenance
Leaf screens
Roof washer
Removal of small diameter debris
Catch basin
Grate should be removable for cleaning Cold climates
May need cover to prevent freezing
Observation port Allows you to see what is going on under ground
Construction Considerations
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Construction Considerations
Avoid wet conditions during construction
Tracked equipment is preferred to wheeledequipment
Distribution of weight is critical for permeability of
soil
Post Construction Considerations
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No vehicular traffic should cross the system
Cave-ins Plug orifices
No structures should be placed over thesystem
Questions?
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Questions?
Presentation is based on
Rainwater Harvesting: Soil Storage and Infiltration Systems
Texas Cooperative Extension
Booklet B-6195