Download - Tense by sourabh sharma
Tenses
Simple Present
• Subject + Verb
• Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Verb
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Verb
Simple Present
Facts and generalization
A dog is an animal
Habits and routines
I learn English twice a week
Permanent situations
I come from Basil
State verbs (e.g. be, have, think, know) more
I have two eggs
Fixed / official arrangement that we can't change
The course starts in April
Present Continuous
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Verb + ing
• Auxiliary verb + Subject + Verb + ing
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Verb + ing
Present Continuous
Present or temporary activities
They are swimming in the sea
I'm drinking hot coffee now
Future (personal) arrangements
He is getting married this month
I'm having my first driving lesson this week
Present Perfect
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Past participle
• Auxiliary verb + Subject + Past participle
• Subject + Auxiliary verb+not + Past participle
Present Perfect
Actions which happened at an indefinite (unknown) time before now
We have already had breakfast
I have already been to Paris
Actions in the past which have an effect on the present moment
I have bought new shades
Someone has taken my bag
Actions which began in the past and continue in the present
John has been a plumber for 2 years
He has been our most serious partner for so long that I can assure you he's a very decent man
Present Perfect Continuous
Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb + Verb + ing
Auxiliary verb + Subject + Auxiliary verb + Verb + ing
Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Auxiliary verb + Verb + ing
Present Perfect Continuous
Actions that started in the past and continue in the present
She's (=she HAS) been crying in her room for half an hour now
We've been waiting for a good offer to buy a car since March
Actions that have recently stopped
I've been waiting for you to come (but now you're back!)
Simple Past
• Subject + Verb + ed or an irregular form
• Auxiliary verb + Subject + Verb
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Verb
Simple Past
Events in the past that are now finished (e.g. I went to school) *
I saw two colorful fishes in the lake yesterday
Mary tried the soup but it was too hot to eat
They saw us playing football
He married a woman who lived in the same village
Situation in the past (they lived a normal life until they won a lottery) **
I lived in New York for 10 years (I don't live there anymore)
A series of actions in the past
He entered a room, lit a cigarette and smiled at the guests
Past Continuous
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Verb + ing
• Auxiliary verb + Subject + Verb + ing
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Verb + ing
Past Continuous1. Actions in progress
1. At 3 p.m., I was having lunch
2. We were all thinking about our holidays
3. Yesterday at this time Steven Seagal was riding a horse
2. Interrupted actions in progress*1. They were talking about her when she walked into the
room
2. Shannon was filling in a questionnaire when the pen ran out of ink
3. John was smoking a cigarette when he saw a spider
3. Actions in progress at the same time in the past.1. While Kenneth was cleaning the living room, Sam was
washing the dishes
Past Perfect
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Past participle
• Auxiliary verb + Subject + Past participle
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Past participle
Past PerfectA completed action before another activity in the past
When we arrived, the concert had already finishedIt had got/gotten worse before it got better.
By the time I watched my favorite program, I had drunk a cup of bee
By the time I got to the market, most of the stalls had already been closed
Third conditional sentences (a) and reported speech (b) (read more at the bottom the page)
If I hadn't taken my keys from the drawer, I would be able to get into my house
My mum asked me whether I had visited grandma the previous day.
Dissatisfaction with the past
I wish I had taken more food with me
Past Perfect Continuous
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb + Verb + ing
• Auxiliary verb + Subject + Auxiliary verb + Verb + ing
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Auxiliary verb + Verb + ing
Past Perfect Continuous
Duration of a past action up to a certain point in the past
I had been running for an hour when it started raining
Kathy put on weight because she had been eating too much sugar
When I saw him I knew that he had been training
Third conditional sentences (a) and reported speech (b)
Mary said she had never been swimming so much in one day
Future Simple
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Verb
• Auxiliary verb + Subject + Verb
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Verb
Future Simple
Promises
I will come back at 10 p.m
I will get Mary
Unplanned actions (spontaneous decisions)
Predictions based on experience or intuition
I think he will regret his choice
When I'm 60 years old, I will be completely bald
Let's buy the snacks at the supermarket - they will be cheaper
Habits
Future Continuous
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb + Verb + ing
• Auxiliary verb + Subject + Auxiliary verb + Verb + ing ?
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb + Verb + ing
Future Continuous
1. Future actions in progress.1. She'll be having a bath when I'm back home
2. Tomorrow at nine, I will be hosing off (=washing with a hose) my car
3. This time next week, I will be throwing a party
4. I'll be watching TV when my mother arrives
2. Guesses about the present or the future.1. They will be getting home just about now
3. Polite questions about somebody's intentions.
Future Perfect
Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb + Present participle
Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb + Present participle ?
Auxiliary verb + Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb + Present participle
Future Perfect
Actions that will be finished before some point in the future
They will have graduated from Cambridge by July 2009. I will have retired by the end of the year. I read 40 pages a day. If I keep up the pace, I will have read the book by Tuesday.
Thank you
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