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Ten Great Reasons for
Growing Clover
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1.Biological Nitrogen Fixation2.Improved Forage Quality3.Better Distribution of
Growth4.Increased Forage Yield5.Reduced Risk6.Benefits in Crop Rotation7.Reduced Animal Toxicities8.Environmental Acceptability9.More Interesting and
Attractive Pastures10.Increased Profit
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BiologicalNitrogenFixation
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Nitrogen Fixation
40 to more than 200 pounds / acre / year
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Value and Amount of Nitrogen Fixed by Various Clovers
CropN fixed,Lb/A/yr
N value
45¢/lb 55¢/lb 65¢/lb 75¢/lb
Red clover 75-200 34-90 41-110 49-130 56-150
White clover
75-150 34-68 41-83 49-98 56-113
Crimson, Arrowleaf and other annual clovers
50-150 23-68 28-83 33-98 38-150
SOURCE: Adapted from Southern Forages 2007
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Improved Forage Quality
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Forage Quality Difference
ForageCrude Protein
DigestibilityTime in Rumen
-------------%------------ hours
Grasses 15.3 55 90
Legumes 19.3 62 36
Source: University of Kentucky
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Clover Increases GainClover Increases GainPasture Daily
GainLb/steer
Total Gain
Lb/steer
Total GainLb/A
Fescue + Ladino
1.53 307 582
Fescue + Nitrogen*
1.06 203 374
*150 lbs/N/ac/yrSource: Hoveland, et.al., Bull. #500, Alabama.
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Improved Distribution of Growth
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Y
I
E
L
D
MONTHMAR FEB
Cool season grasses Do Not produce as well duringhot, dry months of summer. Deep-rooted clovers like red
clover can improve summer production.
AUG
SUMMERSLUMP
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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Winter annuals(small grain/annualryegrass/annual clovers) Warm-season
perennial grasses
Winter annuals(small grain/annualryegrass/annual clovers)
RE
LA
TIV
E G
RO
WT
H R
AT
E
Growth curves for warm season perennial grasses and winter annuals.
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Increased Forage Yield
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Renovation of Tall FescueTreatment Yield
(Lbs)
Red Clover 11,300
Nitrogen (lbs) 0 90 180
4,6007,6009,900
Source: University of Kentucky
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YIELDS (LB DM/AC) OF RYE, RYEGRASS & LEGUMES;
6 LOCATIONS, 3 YR AVGRye, Ryegrass, 200# N 5,771Yuchi Arrowleaf Clover 5,530Turkish Clover 5,408Autauga Crimson Clover 5,331Regal Ladino Clover 5,248Redland Red Clover 5,226Cahaba White Vetch 5,008Mt. Barker Sub Clover 4,940
Hoveland & Alison - AAES Bulletin 543
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Reduced Risk
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Benefits in Crop
Rotation
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Reduced Animal
Toxicities
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Environmental Acceptability
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More Interesting and Attractive
Pastures
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Increased Profit
Potential
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Funding For This Presentation Was Provided By:
Oregon Clover CommissionP.O. Box 2042
Salem, Oregon 97308-2042Phone: 503-370-7019 FAX: 503-587-8063
E-mail: [email protected]
Developed by: Dr. Garry Lacefield, University of KentuckyDr. Don Ball, Auburn University
John McCulley, Oregon Clover Commission