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Temperature Measurement using sensors and signal conditioning
Michael MansellKen Dudeck (Faculty Sponsor)
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Topics of Discussion
Types of temperature sensors The CK101 LCD Temperature
Meter Our circuit design
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Types of temperature sensors
RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector)
Thermistor Thermocouple
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RTD, the basics
How it works: Utilizes the fact that
resistance of a metal changes with temperature.
Make up: Traditionally made
up of platinum, nickel, iron or copper wound around an insulator.
Temperature range: From about -196°C
to 482°C.Thin Film RTD
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RTD Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages: Stable Very accurate Change in
resistance is linear
Disadvantages: Expensive Current source
required Small change in
resistance Self heating Less rugged than
thermocouples.
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Thermistor, the basics of
How it works: Like the RTD a
thermistor uses the fact that resistance of a metal changes with temperature.
Make up: Generally made up
of semiconductor materials
Temperature Range: About -45°C - 150°C Thermistor
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Thermistor Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages: Very sensitive
(has the largest output change from input temperature)
Quick response More accurate
than RTD and Thermocouples
Disadvantages: Output is a non-
linear function Limited
temperature range.
Require a current source
Self heating Fragile
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Thermocouple, some more basics
How it works: Made up of two
different metals joined at one end to produce a small voltage at a given temperature.
Make up: Made of up two
different metals. Ex: A type J is made up of Iron and Constantan.
Temperature Range Type J: 0°C to 750°C A few Thermocouples
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Thermocouple Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages: Self Powered
(does not require a current or voltage source)
Rugged Inexpensive Simple
Disadvantages: Extremely Low
Voltage output (mV)
Not very stable Needs a
reference point
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Lets Experiment!
In lab a RTD, thermistor, and thermocouple were placed in a beaker of 750mL of water and readings were taken from 19°C to 80°C.
The next two slides show the results.
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The Data (some of it)Temperature Thermocouple RTD Thermistor
(degrees Celsius) (mille-Volts) (ohms) (kilo-ohms)
19 -0.10 108.00 105.60
20 -0.10 108.40 99.80
21 0.00 108.70 94.20
22 0.00 109.00 88.20
23 0.00 109.50 83.80
24 0.10 110.00 79.70
25 0.10 110.40 75.90
26 0.10 110.90 73.30
27 0.20 111.30 70.00
28 0.20 111.50 68.40
29 0.30 112.00 63.40
30 0.40 112.90 60.50
32 0.50 113.20 54.80
34 0.70 114.10 49.20
36 0.70 114.80 45.50
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A little easier to readThermocouple
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Temperature (∘C)
Vo
ltag
e (
mV
)
Thermistor
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Temperature (∘C)
Res
ista
nce
(KΩ
)
RTD
100.00
105.00
110.00
115.00
120.00
125.00
130.00
135.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Temperature (∘C)
Re
sist
an
ce (
Ω)
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First test subject (The Kit CK101)
Basically the same idea as our circuit design, but easier?
How it works Why it did not
work
CK101 LCD Temperature Sensor
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How it works and what went wrong
Uses transistors instead of the other discussed sensor types.
Uses the ICL 7106 chip
Problems: Possible Bad chip Capacitors not
soldered in properly. Cold solder joins
leading to bad connections
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Our design
It works!
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Picture
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Another Picture
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Circuit Diagram
49K
1K
1K
50K
1K
1K
50K
50K
-Vin
+
+-
+-
+-
+Vout
-
+
-Thermocouple
4.7μF
7417
1 2
5V 15V
Fan
Relay
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Questions or Comments?
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My Sources
Omega.com (Info on RTDs and Thermistors) http://www.omega.com/
United Electric Controls (Thermocouple, RTD, and Thermistor info) http://www.ueonline.com/
Intersil (ICL 7106 Chip reference) http://www.intersil.com/