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TeleGeography Workshop:International Market Trends
Sponsored by
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Today’s Batting Order
Where Networks Connect: Colocation Market Trends
— Stephan Beckert
Global Bandwidth & IP Transit Pricing Trends
— Brianna Boudreau
The Dystopian Future of International Networks
— Alan Mauldin
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Where Networks Connect: Colocation Market Trends
Stephan Beckert
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Where Networks Connect
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Where the nodes are, 2015Largest Retail Colo Markets, 2015
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Space is growingGross Retail Space, 2011 vs 2015
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Colo is geographically concentratedGross Retail Space, 2011 vs 2015
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Who owns all that space?Largest Retail Providers, 2015
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The big are getting biggerMajor Transactions, 2015
Buyer Seller Value
Equinix Telecity $3.6 b
Digital Realty Telx $1.9 b
NTT e-shelter €742 m
Zayo Latisys $650 m
Tierpoint Windstream Data Centers $575 m
Cyrus One Cervalis $400 m
QTS Carpathia $326 m
vXchange SunGard Assets 8 DCs)
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What does colo cost? Median Baseline Price Q2 2015
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Prices ranges are wideBaseline Price Range, Q2 2015
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Spot the patternMedian Cross Connect Prices, 2h. 2015
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Cross connects can matterTCO with 1 cross connect
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Cross connects can matter — a lotTCO with 5 cross connects
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Prices are stableColo vs. IP Transit prices, 1h. 2014 – 2.h 2015
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Outlook
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Global Bandwidth & IP Pricing Trends
Brianna Boudreau
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Overview
• Wholesale Bandwidth Price Trends
• End-to-End Cost Components
• Technology & Cost Improvements
• IP Transit Price Trends
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Wholesale Bandwidth Pricing
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1 Bandwidth price erosion has been most rapid on routes where new supply has come online.
1 Despite universal price erosion and an influx of new capacity in many markets, geographic price differences persist.
2 Long-haul submarine capacity still comprises the largest portion of a circuits end-to-end cost across all major subsea routes.
1 Bandwidth price erosion has been most rapid on routes where new supply has come online.
1 Despite universal price erosion and an influx of new capacity in many markets, geographic price differences persist.
2 Long-haul submarine capacity still comprises the largest portion of a circuits end-to-end cost across all major subsea routes.
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Bandwidth Prices Continue to FallMedian 10 Gbps Monthly Lease Prices, 2015
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But Still Vary By Geography
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And By CarrierMedian & Price Range for 10 Gbps on Los Angeles-Tokyo, 2012-2015
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End-to-End Cost Components
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Backhaul Impacts PriceMedian PoP-to-PoP 10 Gbps Price Components, 2015
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Local Access, The Longest MileMedian End-to-End FastE Price Components, 2015
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Technology & Cost Improvements
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1 While 100 Gbps service prices are declining, the pace of price erosion lags behind 10 Gbps wavelengths.
2 As competition for 100G increases, carrier price multiples have converged.
1 Ethernet is a cost-effective option for point-to-point services, providing over 50 percent more capacity for less than the cost of an SDH circuit in some cases.
1 While 100 Gbps service prices are declining, the pace of price erosion lags behind 10 Gbps wavelengths.
2 As competition for 100G increases, carrier price multiples have converged.
1 Ethernet is a cost-effective option for point-to-point services, providing over 50 percent more capacity for less than the cost of an SDH circuit in some cases.
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The Evolution of 100G Pricing10 & 100 Gbps Prices & Multiples on Key International Routes, 2015
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Prices & Multiples Vary by CarrierChicago-New York 100G Prices & Multiples by Carrier, 2015
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For Whom the Bell Tolls….(SDH)Median Prices for SDH & Ethernet on Frankfurt-London, 2015
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Ethernet Prices by Transport TechnologyMedian GigE Prices for EoMPLS, EoDWDM, and EoSDH/SONET, 2015
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Ethernet Price TrendsMedian FastE EoMPLS Prices on Key International Routes, 2015
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IP Transit Pricing
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1 After years of relentless decline, the pace of IP transit price erosion has slowed across major cities.
2 Low prices in London, a critical international traffic hub, have fallen to the $5 per Gbps mark.
3 Transit is more expensive in markets that remain largely dependent on long-haul links to Europe or the U.S. to gain international connectivity.
1 After years of relentless decline, the pace of IP transit price erosion has slowed across major cities.
2 Low prices in London, a critical international traffic hub, have fallen to the $5 per Gbps mark.
3 Transit is more expensive in markets that remain largely dependent on long-haul links to Europe or the U.S. to gain international connectivity.
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IP Transit Prices are Still Falling10 GigE IP Transit Price Declines in Major Cities, 2012-2015
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But Geographic Price Differences Persist
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The Evolving Wholesale Market
• New Supply
• Shifting to 100G
• IP transit pricing
• Future Products
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PTC Presentations to Come?Implied Price per Gbps per Minute, 2015
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The Dystopian Future of International Networks
Alan Mauldin
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What’s a dystopia?• It’s the opposite of a utopia (A mythical place with constant sunshine, rainbows, and stable bandwidth prices)
• A dystopia is an imagined place or state in which everything is unpleasant or bad, typically a totalitarian or environmentally-degraded one.
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Dystopian trait 1: A figurehead or concept is worshipped by society
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Who is this man?• Gordon Moore
• Moore’s Law states the number of transistors on a circuit was doubling approximately every 2 years (implied annual growth of ~41%).
• This law is assumed to apply to technology more broadly, even to bandwidth demand.
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Has demand growth been “Moore’s Law”-ish?
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The magic of compoundingUsed Bandwidth Forecasts – Moore’s Law
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The magic of compoundingUsed Bandwidth Forecasts – TeleGeography Forecast
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Dystopian trait 2: Concentration of power among an elite group
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Private network growth outpacing Internet backbone growth...
Internet Backbone Operators vs. Private Networks
38%
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...but concentration is happening in both categories
Top 5 Content Providers + Top 5 Internet Backbone vs. Everyone Else
47%
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Concentration is most extreme on the main transoceanic routes
Trans-Atl & Trans-Pac Top 5 Content Providers + Top 5 Internet Backbone vs. Everyone Else
72%
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Dystopian trait 3: Dehumanization
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Data centers driving bandwidth demand growth
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Major Content Provider Data Center Locations, 2015
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Carlsbad, CA | Washington, DC | Exeter, UK | Singapore | www.telegeography.com | [email protected]
More on the way
Carlsbad, CA | Washington, DC | Exeter, UK | Singapore | www.telegeography.com | [email protected]
Major Content Provider Data Center Locations, 2017
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Carlsbad, CA | Washington, DC | Exeter, UK | Singapore | www.telegeography.com | [email protected]
Dystopian trait 4: Resource exhaustion
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Carlsbad, CA | Washington, DC | Exeter, UK | Singapore | www.telegeography.com | [email protected]
Capacity exhaustion?Lit and Potential Trans-Pacific Capacity 2015-2025
Exhaustion in mid-2018
Potential of existing cables 2015
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Carlsbad, CA | Washington, DC | Exeter, UK | Singapore | www.telegeography.com | [email protected]
Capacity exhaustion?Lit and Potential Trans-Pacific Capacity 2015-2025
Exhaustion in 2021
Potential of existing cables plusFASTER, SEA-US, & NCP
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Carlsbad, CA | Washington, DC | Exeter, UK | Singapore | www.telegeography.com | [email protected]
Capacity exhaustion?Lit and Potential Trans-Pacific Capacity 2015-2025
Exhaustion in 2023
Potential if all older cables could theoretically accommodate 100 x 100G
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Carlsbad, CA | Washington, DC | Exeter, UK | Singapore | www.telegeography.com | [email protected]
Capacity exhaustion?Lit and Potential Trans-Pacific Capacity 2015-2025
Exhaustion in mid-2023
Potential with adding 1 new 72 Tbps cable
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Dystopian trait 5: Citizens conform to uniform expectations
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Prices perpetually decline, but are they “conforming” (becoming similar)?
Median Monthly 10 Gbps Wavelength Lease Price, 2010-2015
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Transport price differences narrowing
10 Gbps Wavelength Lease Price Multiples over London-New York
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What about elsewhere?10 Gbps Wavelength Lease Price Multiples over London-New York
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Dystopian trait 6: Prevalence of violence
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Submarine cables are continued targets of violence • Sharks
Sharks and other fish bites
were 0% of cable faults 2007-2014, according to
ICPC
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Submarine cables are continued targets of violence • Sharks
• Russian submarines painted like sharks
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Submarine cables are continued targets of violence • Sharks
• Russian submarines painted like sharks
• Actual causes of most damage:
– Fishing
– Anchors
Cause of External Aggression Cable Faults, 2007-2009
Source: Trends in Submarine Cable System Fault, M. Kordahi, S. Shapiro, & G. Lucas
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Dystopian trait 7: Increased Surveillance
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attend TeleGeography’s SubOptic 2016 Masterclass for More
information
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Outlook• Demand growth will remain strong ~30-40% per year.
• A small groups of companies will likely account for a larger share of international capacity.
• Investment in new cables and technological advantages will delay the risk of capacity exhaustion.
• Transport price differences will continue to narrow.
• Sharks and Russian submarines painted like sharks will not damage many cables.
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Questions?