Download - Technology in Architecture
![Page 1: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Technology in ArchitectureTechnology in ArchitectureTechnology in ArchitectureTechnology in Architecture
Lecture 11Mechanical System Space
RequirementsMechanical System Exchange Loops
HVAC Systems
Lecture 11Mechanical System Space
RequirementsMechanical System Exchange Loops
HVAC Systems
![Page 2: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Mechanical Room SizingMechanical Room Sizing Mechanical Room SizingMechanical Room Sizing
![Page 3: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Mechanical RoomMechanical RoomContains primary equipment (boiler, chiller,
etc.)
Usually adjacent to other service areas (loading docks, electrical substation, transformer vault, etc.)
Generally away from public entry
Include space for service/maintenance
S: p. 406, F.10.18
![Page 4: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Mechanical Mechanical Room SizingRoom Sizing
Generally sized based on total floor area in building served
S: p.399, T.10.3
![Page 5: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mechanical Mechanical Room SizingRoom Sizing
Size mechanical room space
ApplicationSquare Footage
S: p.399, T.10.3
![Page 6: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mechanical Mechanical Room SizingRoom Sizing
Sizing Example
150,000 SF Department Store
Mechanical Room: 3,200 sf
S: p. 399, T.10.3
![Page 7: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Fan Room SizingFan Room Sizing Fan Room SizingFan Room Sizing
![Page 8: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Fan RoomsFan Rooms
Contain secondary equipment (air handlers, heat exchanger, etc.)
Usually adjacent to or within area served
Include space for service/maintenance
S: p. 426, F.10.42
![Page 9: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Fan RoomsFan Rooms
Require connection/ access to fresh air
Require means of discharging return air/ exhaust air
Minimum 25’ distance of fresh air inlet away from contaminant source
University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI
![Page 10: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Fan Room Fan Room SizingSizing
Generally sized based on total floor area of the thermal zone in building served
S: p. 400, T.10.4
![Page 11: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Fan Room Fan Room SizingSizing
Size fan room
ApplicationSquare Footage
S: p. 400, T.10.4
![Page 12: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Fan Room Fan Room SizingSizing
Sizing Example
150,000 SF Department Store
Supply/Return Mains: 120 sf for each
Fan Room: 5,200 sfFresh Air Inlet: 500 sfExhaust Air Outlet: 400 sf
S: p. 400, T.10.4
![Page 13: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Fresh Air InletsFresh Air Inlets
Avoid contamination sources (25’ minimum) Loading docks Smoking areas Cooling Towers Exhaust air outlets Plumbing vents Others…
![Page 14: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Mechanical System Mechanical System Exchange Loops Exchange Loops Mechanical System Mechanical System Exchange Loops Exchange Loops
![Page 15: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Mechanical System Exchange Mechanical System Exchange LoopsLoops
Heat is removed/ added via heat exchange loops.
S: p. 402, F.10.15
![Page 16: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Mechanical System Exchange Mechanical System Exchange LoopsLoops
Cooling Mode
S: p. 402, F.10.15
![Page 17: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Mechanical System Exchange Mechanical System Exchange LoopsLoops
Heating Mode
S: p. 402, F.10.15
![Page 18: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Cooling TowerCooling Tower Cooling TowerCooling Tower
![Page 19: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Cooling TowerCooling Tower
Divided into a series of cells for redundancy/ serviceability
Significant structural load:Rooftop vs At-grade
Potential air contamination
Locate based on prevailing wind direction
S: p.415, F. 10.30
![Page 20: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Cooling TowerCooling Tower
Service access needed for water treatment/debris removal
Biocides can cause etching on glass and other surfaces
Minimum 25’ distance away fresh air inlet or fenestration
University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI
![Page 21: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Cooling TowerCooling TowerSizingSizing
Sizing Example
150,000 SF Department Store
Cooling Tower: 560 sf
S: p.399, T.10.3
![Page 22: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
HVAC SystemsHVAC Systems HVAC SystemsHVAC Systems
![Page 23: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
System TypesSystem Types
All-AirAir-WaterAll-WaterUnitary Refrigerant System
![Page 24: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Selection CriteriaSelection Criteria
Control capability and flexibility required
Environmental requirements
Cost of construction Energy consumption System effficiency
![Page 25: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
All-Air SystemsAll-Air Systems
Heating/cooling media delivered via air only
Advantages: Humidification & Heat recovery Complex zoning Close humidity & temperature control (exc. VAV) Can use outside air for economizer cycle
Disadvantages: Special care for maintenance access Supplemental perimeter radiation may be needed Higher volume of space needed
![Page 26: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
All-Air SystemsAll-Air Systems
Single zoneTerminal reheat Multizone Dual duct Variable air volume (VAV)
![Page 27: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Single ZoneSingle Zone
One thermostat controls several rooms in a single thermal zone
Applications requiring air filtration and humidity control
Uneven comfort for multiple rooms
![Page 28: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Terminal ReheatTerminal Reheat
One thermostat controls one room as a single thermal zone with a reheat coil control discharge air temperature
Poor energy efficiency
![Page 29: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
MultizoneMultizone
One thermostat controls discharge dampers to adjust air temperature to each room
Small buildings with limited distances for duct runs
Simultaneous heating and cooling
![Page 30: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Dual DuctDual Duct
One thermostat controls mixing box for each room
Applications requiring precise control of temperature and humidity
Energy inefficientHigh maintenanceExpensive to build
![Page 31: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Variable Air VolumeVariable Air Volume
One thermostat controls VAV valve for each room and reduces airflow under lower load
Applications where loads vary significantly (offices, schools)
Poor humidity controlSubcooling
![Page 32: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Distribution PathsDistribution Paths
Air may be distributed from the ceiling or the floor
![Page 33: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Distribution Paths—Ceiling Distribution Paths—Ceiling
Conventional distribution is from the ceiling
Air discharge: 55ºFVelocity is 100-500 fpm
S: p.439 F.10.54
![Page 34: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Distribution Paths—Floor Distribution Paths—Floor
Also known as displacement cooling
Air discharge: 60+ºFVelocity is slower than ceiling discharge
Higher ceilings
S: p. 394, F.10.12
S: p. 433, F.10.48
![Page 35: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Air-Water SystemsAir-Water SystemsHeating/cooling media delivered via air and water
Advantages: Flexible placement Centralized humidity and filtration Space heating
Disadvantages: Condensation Noise
Induction
Fan Coil Unit
S: p. 396, F.10.13
![Page 36: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
All-Water SystemsAll-Water Systems
Heating/cooling media delivered via water only
Advantages: Flexible placement Space heating
Disadvantages: Condensation Noise
![Page 37: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Fan Coil UnitFan Coil UnitFan draws air from room across coils
FlexibleLess spaceLow cost
NoisePoor ventilation/humidityMaintenanceCondensation controlSimultaneous heating and cooling
S: p. 398, F.10.14
![Page 38: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Unitary Refrigerant SystemUnitary Refrigerant SystemHeating/cooling media delivered via local equipment
Advantages: Individual room control Independent heating and cooling Single zone affected by malfunction Low initial cost Reliability
Disadvantages: Short life Noise Humidity control Air filtration Ventilation
Through the wall air-conditioning
Heat pumps
![Page 39: Technology in Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/568139bb550346895da15d9d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)