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TECHNOLOGY FOR PEACE: IDEAS FROM THE TRENCHES
Sanjana Hattotuwa
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Sri Lanka
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Conflict transformation
A process of engaging with and transforming relationships, interests, discourses and, if necessary, the very constitution of society that supports the continuation of violent conflict
CT cautions against too much of confidence in to agreements
Conflict can never be resolved, but it can be transformed negotiate differences non-violently
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ICT and conflict transformation
Conflict Transformati
on
“Satisficing”
Culturally appropriate
and sustainable
Mobiles as well as PCs
Open Standars
Interoperable
Online + Offline
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ICT4Peace?
“We value the potential of ICTs to promote peace and to prevent conflict which, inter alia, negatively affects achieving development goals. ICTs can be used for identifying conflict situations through early-warning systems preventing conflicts, promoting their peaceful resolution, supporting humanitarian action, including protection of civilians in armed conflicts, facilitating peacekeeping missions, and assisting post conflict peace-building and reconstruction.”
Paragraph 36, WSIS Tunis Commitment, 2005
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My work in Sri Lanka
Writing from 2001, working actively from 2003
Set up InfoShare in 2003 – only one of its kind in Sri Lanka
Applied research – technology that works, not just promises
Real life scenarios Imagining solutions and pushing the art
of the possible
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Scenario
Grassroots organisation with big staff turnover Limited Human, Financial and Technical
resources Website launched but not updated You need to communicate your work You need to communicate your community’s
ideas and aspirations / possible engender them Apathetic and unreliable traditional media
coverage Violent context
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The hardware
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Connectivity – Wireless Broadband
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Planning for content
Think strategically – knowledge expands exponentially
Text, photos, audio and video complement each other
Who are your primary and secondary audiences?
Who are your content producers? What media do the above use?
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Web 2.0
Wikipedia and Facebook are prime examples
User generated content “In 2006, the World Wide Web became a
tool for bringing together the small contributions of millions of people and making them matter.” – Time Magazine
Interactive, community based, conversational spaces
Two way communications
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Facebook – For personal usehttp://www.facebook.com
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Facebook – For campaignshttp://www.facebook.com
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VOIP
Voice over Internet Protocol / Voice over IP Gives ulcers, migraines and reduces life
expectancy of traditional telecoms executives Free PC to PC anywhere in the world anytime Cheap international dialing rates for fixed and
mobile phones Call conferencing Easy recording for podcasts / Great for
interviews
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Skypehttp://www.skype.com
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Skypecasts – Community conversations
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Call recorders for Skype
You can use any of these programme to easily create a recording of your conversation, which you can upload to the web and create a podcast with ease.
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Podcasts
Audio broadcast available on the Web to the public for free downloading to a personal computer or a digital audio player.
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Podcast recording
Audacity for Windows XP / Vista / Mac / Linux
Quicktime 8 for Mac
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Publishing a podcasthttp://ourmedia.org
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YouTubehttp://www.youtube.com
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Flickr
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Use the tools in your OS
Microsoft Office Picture Manager
iPhoto on the Mac
Basics the same as high end software
Easy to use
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Use the tools in your OS
Windows Movie Maker on the PC iMovie on the Mac
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Google Mapshttp://www.ushahidi.com/
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Blogs
Can you send an email with an attachment? Then you can blog!
Shortened form of the phrase “Web log”
Like a diary or journal, but online. No coding knowledge necessary.
Easily link to other blogs, create local and international campaigns, by-pass traditional media and potential have greater reach, can include multimedia
Well over 70 million – the new Guttenberg of the web.
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Blogs
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Writing a post
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Blogs – Typical features
Comments on posts Trackbacks (a way through which you are
alerted when others link to your posts) Categories / Sections Archives Blogroll (a list of other blogs you find
interesting or deal with similar issues)
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RSS
RSS stands for Really Simple Syndication, which is a great name because the concept is just that: Really simple.
It allows you to subscribe to an information feed that gets delivered directly to your RSS reader or Web browser.
So instead of visiting several different Web pages each day or performing the same Web searches over and over, you can set up RSS feeds to do it for you.
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Google Readerhttp://reader.google.com
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Instant Messaging
Use MSN Messenger, Yahoo Messenger, Skype, Google Chat to coordinate and collaborate
Saves on emails Bounce off quick ideas Quickly plan for action Share small files quicker
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Twitter.com
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Mobiles
In everyone’s hands
Persistent – Messages can be stored, forwarded
Cheaper to buy than a PC
Web integration (mobile > Twitter > RSS)
Great for community campaigns. Can complement other media strategies for national level campaigns.
Citizen journalism – Everyone is a witness!
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FrontlineSMS.com
1. It has been conceived, designed and written with NGOs in mind
2. The system can be used for internal staff-based communications, or to provide information to local communities via a sign-up process, or both.
3. Field-based NGOs can keep in touch with their fieldworkers from anywhere in the field.
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Mobileactive.org
1. Using Mobile Phones in Electoral and Voter Registration Campaigns
2. Using Mobile Phones in Advocacy Campaigns3. Mobile Phones in Fundraising Campaigns
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Google Apps
Government can’t easily shut down or block
Robust, reliable, pervasive, platform agnostic
Group calendaring, instant messaging, document creation and archives, wikis, webpages, email lists and email services, online and offline access
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This I believehttp://www.thisibelieve.org
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Conversations with historyhttp://www.uctv.tv/cwh/
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Insight on conflicthttp://www.insightonconflict.org/
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Groundviewshttp://www.groundviews.org
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Groundviewshttp://www.groundviews.org
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Oral histories – VOR Radio
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My personal bias
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Ideas
Ask people to send in ideas for peace on pre-paid forms (through post) printed inside toothpaste, shampoo, soap, washing powder, milk power cartons and packages – which target females in households who may not necessarily otherwise engage in peace related dialogues. Scan or capture feedback and post it on website.
A website that counts down to a million “voices” in support of peace – people call in to a toll-free hotline from any mobile or landline to answer a) what does peace mean to you b) how will you work towards strengthen that which you outlined in (a) – in three minutes or less.
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Ideas
Collaborate with projects such as www.witness.org that use digital media to record human rights violations
Mobile phone based “swarming” –get your community together quickly to a spot to stand up for something
Capture ideas for peace through mobiles (competitions for best 5 word idea for peace via SMS)