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Dwayne Marshall
Senior Federal Grants Specialist
Title I, Part A: The Formula Behind the Funding
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Audience will be able to:
• Understand basic progression of funds• Identify four major components of Title I, Part A• Identify factors that influence Title I, Part A allocations• Identify and use pertinent data to “forecast” future allocations
The Formula Behind the Funding: Objectives
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The Formula Behind the Funding: Basic Progression
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IN Title I Allocation Increase from FFY
2019 / FY 2020IN Title I Allocation FFY 2020 / FY 2021
IN Title I Allocation Increase from FFY
2019 / FY 2020
Factors that determine LEA allocations
• Congressional Allocation / Funding for Fiscal Year ☑• “Formula Children”• “Hold Harmless”• SEA Adjustments• State PPE • “Small State Minimum”• State Reported LEA Expenditure Data, State per Capita Income Data (EFIG only)
The Formula Behind the Funding: Influential Factors
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Factors that determine LEA allocations
• Congressional Allocation / Funding for Fiscal Year ☑• “Formula Children”• “Hold Harmless”• SEA Adjustments• State PPE • “Small State Minimum”• State Reported LEA Expenditure Data, State per Capita Income Data (EFIG only)
Factors that determine LEA allocations
• Congressional Allocation / Funding for Fiscal Year ☑• “Formula Children”• “Hold Harmless”• SEA Adjustments• State PPE • “Small State Minimum”• State Reported LEA Expenditure Data, State per Capita Income Data (EFIG only)
Factors that determine LEA allocations
• Congressional Allocation / Funding for Fiscal Year ☑• “Formula Children”• “Hold Harmless”• SEA Adjustments• State PPE • “Small State Minimum”• State Reported LEA Expenditure Data, State per Capita Income Data (EFIG only)
The “Formula Behind the Funding”
The Formula Behind the Funding: Four Components
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(Basic + (Basic + Concentration + (Basic + Concentration + Targeted + EFIG) (Basic + Concentration + Targeted + EFIG) - SEA Adjustments =
(Basic + Concentration + Targeted + EFIG) - SEA Adjustments = LEA Allocation
Grant Formulas Used to Calculate Each LEA’s Allocation*
1) Basic2) Concentration3) Targeted4) Education Finance Incentive Grants (EFIG)
*All initially calculated by ED prior to distributing SEA allocations
The Formula Behind the Funding: Four Components
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“Formula Children”
• Children ages 5-17• From families with incomes below federal poverty line as
determined by the US Census Bureau (updated annually)• Census Poverty is NOT = F/R%
• Foster, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Neglected and Delinquent (N&D)
The Formula Behind the Funding: Pertinent Data
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“Formula Children”
• Children ages 5-17• From families with incomes below federal poverty line as
determined by the US Census Bureau (updated annually)• Census Poverty is NOT = F/R%
• Foster, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Neglected and Delinquent (N&D)
“Formula Children” Composition
The Formula Behind the Funding: Pertinent Data
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97%
3% Foster, TANF, N&D
Census Poverty
Grant Formulas Used to Calculate Each LEA’s Allocation
The Formula Behind the Funding: Four Components
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Concentration02 ● Number of eligible formula children > 6500, or 15 percent of total school age population
Basic01● At least 10 eligible formula children
constituting at least 2 percent of LEA’s school age population
Targeted03● At least 10 eligible formula children
constituting at least 5 percent of LEA’s school age population.
EFIG04● At least 10 eligible formula children
constituting at least 5 percent of LEA’s school age population.
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The Formula Behind the Funding: Four Components
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Basic At least 10 eligible formula children, constituting 2 percent of LEA’s school-age population
The Formula Behind the Funding: Four Components
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Concentration Number of eligible formula children >6500, or 15% of LEA’s school-age population
The Formula Behind the Funding: Four Components
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Targeted & EFIGAt least 10 eligible formula children, constituting 5% of LEA’s school-age population
Eligibility by “Formula Children” %
The Formula Behind the Funding: Four Components
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Formula Children %Grant Formula
Basic Concentration Targeted EFIG
> 15% ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
5% - 14.99% ✅ 🆇 ✅ ✅
2% - 4.99% ✅ 🆇 🆇 🆇<2% 🆇 🆇 🆇 🆇
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Are they eligible?
The Formula Behind the Funding: Pertinent Data
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LEA # Formula Children # Ages 5-17 % FormulaLEA # Formula Children # Ages 5-17 % Formula
LEA 1 320 912 35.09%
LEA # Formula Children # Ages 5-17 % Formula
LEA 1 320 912 35.09%
LEA 2 320 6507 4.92%
LEA 3 320 2130 15.02%
LEA # Formula Children # Ages 5-17 % Formula
LEA 1 320 912 35.09%
LEA 2 320 6507 4.92%
Distribution of Allocations by Formula
The Formula Behind the Funding: Four Components
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45%23%
23% 9%
Basic
Concentration
Targeted
EFIG
Distribution of Allocations by Formula (FY 21 Congressional)
The Formula Behind the Funding: Four Components
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$6.4B$4.2B
$4.2B $1.3B
Basic
Concentration
Targeted
EFIG
The Formula Behind the Funding: Influential Factors
LEA Formula Count
# Ages 5-17 Formula % Basic Conc. Targ. EFIG Total Alloc.
LEA 1 320 912 35.09% $ 173,014.40 $ 41,212.80 $ 60,604.80 $ 64,179.20 $ 339,011.20
LEA 2 320 6507 4.92% $ 173,014.40 $ - $ - $ - $ 173,014.40
LEA 3 320 2130 15.02% $ 173,014.40 $ 41,212.80 $ 60,604.80 $ 64,179.20 $ 339,011.20
The Formula Behind the Funding: Influential Factors
LEA Formula Count
# Ages 5-17 Formula % Basic Conc. Targ. EFIG Total Alloc.
LEA 1 320 912 35.09% $ 173,014.40 $ 41,212.80 $ 60,604.80 $ 64,179.20 $ 339,011.20
LEA 2 326 6507 5.01% $ 176,258.42 $ - $ 61,741.14 $ 65,382.56 $ 303,382.12
LEA 3 320 2130 15.02% $ 173,014.40 $ 41,212.80 $ 60,604.80 $ 64,179.20 $ 339,011.20
The Formula Behind the Funding: Influential Factors
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Hold Harmless Provision• Hold Harmless in its simplest form is a mechanism designed to mitigate an LEA’s loss of
Title I funding from one fiscal year to the next. • All four formulas provide a variable hold harmless rate of 85 percent, 90 percent, or 95
percent of an LEA’s prior year allocation.• Note: Only the Concentration Grant has a “hold harmless” provision that allows an LEA
to retain eligibility for four years after it last met the eligibility criteria.
Hold Harmless Provision by “Formula Children” %
The Formula Behind the Funding: Influential Factors
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Formula Count % Hold Harmless30% or > 95%
15% - 29.99% 90%
14.99% or < 85%
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The Formula Behind the Funding: Basic Progression
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SEA Adjustments• “Special LEAs” such as Charter Schools • School Improvement (7% set-aside required under ESSA)• Hold Harmless Corrections• Administrative Costs (up to 1% of state’s Title I Part A,C,&,D funding)• New, Overlapping, Reorganized Districts• Small Districts (total resident pop. <20,000)• Neglected and Delinquent (Title I Part D, Subpart 1 and Subpart 2)• Indiana Department of Education “Reset” Adjustment
The Formula Behind the Funding: Influential Factors
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SEA Adjustments• “Special LEAs” such as Charter Schools • School Improvement (7% set-aside required under ESSA)• Hold Harmless Corrections• Administrative Costs (up to 1% of state’s Title I Part A,C,&,D funding)• New, Overlapping, Reorganized Districts• Small Districts (total resident pop. <20,000)• Neglected and Delinquent (Title I Part D, Subpart 1 and Subpart 2)• Indiana Department of Education “Reset” Adjustment
SEA Adjustments• “Special LEAs” such as Charter Schools • School Improvement (7% set-aside required under ESSA)• Hold Harmless Corrections• Administrative Costs (up to 1% of state’s Title I Part A,C,&,D funding)• New, Overlapping, Reorganized Districts• Small Districts (total resident pop. <20,000)• Neglected and Delinquent (Title I Part D, Subpart 1 and Subpart 2)• Indiana Department of Education “Reset” Adjustment
SEA Adjustments• “Special LEAs” such as Charter Schools • School Improvement (7% set-aside required under ESSA)• Hold Harmless Corrections• Administrative Costs (up to 1% of state’s Title I Part A,C,&,D funding)• New, Overlapping, Reorganized Districts• Small Districts (total resident pop. <20,000)• Neglected and Delinquent (Title I Part D, Subpart 1 and Subpart 2)• Indiana Department of Education “Reset” Adjustment
Adjusted Formula Counts for Special LEAs• ESSA requires an SEA to calculate allocations for each of the four formula grants for
special LEAs such as charter schools.
The Formula Behind the Funding: Influential Factors
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5
4
3
21
School Improvement Reservation• 7% of SEA’s Title I Award• SEA is obligated to set aside the greater of 7% of allocation or, sum of FY16 1003(a)
and FY16 SIG 1003(g), whichever is greater (ESSA)• An SEA may not reduce an LEA below its prior year’s allocation in reserving funds for
school improvement. -1003(h)• Indiana will not be able to reserve full 7% for SY19-20
The Formula Behind the Funding: Influential Factors
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The Formula Behind the Funding: Influential Factors
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Hold Harmless Applied at State Level• Applied after School Improvement Reservation
• The “Hold Harmless” provision is applied by IDOE by raising the allocation for any district that would otherwise receive less than the 85-95 percent of prior year allocation for each respective funding formula (guaranteed minimum).
• Allocations from all other LEAs within the state are proportionately reduced sans those LEAs that would receive less than their guaranteed minimum as a result.
The Formula Behind the Funding: Influential Factors
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My census poverty percentage increased, or stayed nearly the same. How did my allocation decrease?
1. Federal budget cuts2. SEA budget cut3. Additional LEAs in state4. Formula percentage remained status quo, but actual formula number decreased.5. Hold Harmless 6. Hold Harmless in prior year
Hold Harmless (HH) • Your census poverty figures and
subsequent formula children numbers have increased.
• However, a large number of LEAs in Indiana lost formula students resulting in a raw allocation lower than their HH amount.
• This required your LEA to contribute funds that went towards supporting other LEAs to reach their HH.
The Formula Behind the Funding: Influential Factors
Hold Harmless (HH) in Prior Year
Your prior year allocation was artificially inflated by hold harmless. • This means the allocation generated via the four formulas resulted in a total that was
less than your guaranteed minimum. • An increase in formula percentage and/or formula count may still result in an allocation
that is below your guaranteed minimum, or 85-95 percent of prior year’s artificially inflated figure.
The Formula Behind the Funding: Influential Factors
Hold Harmless (HH) in Prior Year
The Formula Behind the Funding: Influential Factors
Fiscal Year Raw Allocation Formula Count PPE HH% Guaranteed Min.
FY19 $ 400,000.00 5000 $ 80.00 90% $ 385,000.00
FY20 $ 352,000.00 4400 $ 80.00 90% $ 360,000.00
FY21 $ 356,000.00 4450 $ 80.00 90% $ 324,000.00
Planning Allocation → Final Allocation
The Formula Behind the Funding: Influential Factors
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• Why do we have multiple allocations?
• What data is used to generate these allocations?
The Formula Behind the Funding: Influential Factors
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State Level Data
Data Element Data Source Date Available
State Fiscal Effort (SFE) Per Capita Income Bureau Econ. Analysis September (annually)
State Per Pupil Expenditure (SPPE) National Center for Education Statistics December (annually)
LEA Level Data
Data Element Data Source Date Available
TANF, N&D, Foster US Dept. of Education February (annually)
Census Poverty US Census Bureau December (annually)
The Formula Behind the Funding: Influential Factors
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DATA UPDATED
Census Poverty 2018 data completed, but not plugged in until next FY
State Equity Factor (SPPE) 2018
December 2019
DATA UPDATED
State Fiscal Effort (SFE) 2018
-Per capita income for each state and territory
September 2019
DATA UPDATED
TANF 2018
N&D 2018
Foster 2018
February 2019
Final Allocation FY 2020
Congressional Allocation
Census Poverty 2017
SPPE & SFE 2018
New & Expanded Charter Counts (October)
January 2020
Planning Allocation FY 2020
Congressional Allocation
Census Poverty 2017
TANF, N&D, Foster 2018
May 2019
The Formula Behind the Funding: Title II, Part A
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“IN Base Hold Harmless”
“Excess Funds” Relative % of Children (Total &
Formula)
The Formula Behind the Funding: Title II, Part A
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SEA Allocation
Relative % of Formula Children
Ages 5-17
Relative % of Children Ages 5-17
% of SEA Allocation to LEAs
State Administration Costs
State Activities
% of SEA Allocation to LEAs
The Formula Behind the Funding: Title IV, Part A
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Congressional Allocation “Relative Share”of
Prior FY Title A
The Formula Behind the Funding: Title IV, Part A
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SEA Allocation
Relative LEA Share of Title I, A
% of SEA Allocation to LEAs
State Administration Costs
State Activities
%of SEA Allocation to LEAs
The Formula Behind the Funding
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ResourcesAllocating Grants for Title I - National Center for Education Statistics, 2016
Title I Allocation Formulas, National Title I Conference, 2018
Non-Regulatory Guidance: Fiscal Changes & Equitable Services Requirements Under the ESEA of 1965, As Amended by the ESSA. -United States Department of Education, 2016
Congressional Notification of Preliminary Fiscal Year 2020 Title I, Part A Allocations - United States Department of Education, 2020
Resources https://www.doe.in.gov/INCensus2020
IDOE and the 2020 Census
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Your students’ future depends on the census.
● Academic Support● Special Education ● Educator Development● School Lunch Programs● Head Start → Early
Learning ● After-School Programs
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The Formula Behind the Funding: Contact Information
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