Download - TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
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TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
Unit 2- Social Change
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Technology and Change
How does technology impact your life? How does technology impact your
behaviour? What impact does technology have on the
way you and other individuals interact?
DISCUSSION
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Technology: An agent of Social Change
Making our lives easier everyday!
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What is Technology? Technology is
the creation of tools or objects that both extend our natural abilities and alter our social environment
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Johanne Gutenberg He created the printing
press in 1450 This invention took the
process of reading out of wealthy circles and monasteries and into the hands of the ordinary people
Books became more affordable and became the method of choice when circulating new ideas
Martin Luther used the printing press to his advantage in the 1500s when he challenged church doctrine starting off what has come to be known as the Reformation
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Reading is good, right?•While the printing press brought us many good things it also changed the way we tell stories •Memorization and oral recitation begin to lose favour after the printing press •The church starts to lose some of its control over the congregation as bibles become more accessible to the public •Luther uses the printed word to start the Reformation
Aboriginal peoples in Canada have passed their stories on through oral histories for generations
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Traditional Theory Of Change
Social Change Theory› Looks at factors contributing to change within
the structure of society› Traditional theories take the position that
change within society is brought about by a myriad of interactions within a society’s framework that begin with the individual person Individual Idea Change
E.g. individual creates an idea about technology which causes it to be accepted and change occurs
Does Change Begin With the Individual or technology?
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Technological Theory Of Change
Technological Determinism› Social change is initiated by TECHNOLOGY› Contrary to what traditional theorists believe› Society adapts to technological change Thorstein Veblen Challenges traditional theories of social change Technological determinists see the invention of a particular
tool (e.g. computer) as motivator for change and society simply reacting to the technology
Does Change Begin With the Individual or technology?
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THE ARGUMENT IS....
We are changing our behaviour to suit technology trends-- technology is not changing to suit our behaviours
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Coping with Technological Change – Not Always for the
Positive While we are for the most
part eager to accept and use new technological advancements we have to be aware of the negative consequences of these technological advancements
Internet has allowed many people to access useful information but has also allowed easy access to porn sites, hate sites and other dangerous sites on the web that parents don’t want their children seeing
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Running to Keep Up! Another stressor of technological change is
the feeling that we “can’t keep up” with what is new
Alvin Toffler describe this idea as “future shock” or the “dizzying disorientation brought on by the premature arrival of the future”
Many believe that technological change is happening so fast that the fundamental values of society are becoming blurred
Many also see the “click of a mouse” having an effect on society’s patience as we now cannot wait for the simplest of daily tasks
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Overdependence on Technology
Society has grown so dependent on technology that when it doesn’t work we feel tremendous anxiety (Weil and Rosen)
What did we do before these technologies
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TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGENegative Side Effects Overdependence On Technology- we rely heavily on machines- when they break down, we experience stress
- “technosis” a term to describe how people feel out of touch if they do not check email, cell phone etc.
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Social Isolation Addictive use of the
internet can lead to social isolation, increased depression, academic failure, financial debt of job loss (Kimberly Young)
Societies have relied on social interaction for centuries to survive, what happens if this element is taken out of our lives?
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TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
“Cyber disorders”- addiction has been extended to include problematic Internet use associated with social, psychological, and occupational impairment
symptoms include pre-occupation with the Internet, increased anxiety when offline, lying about Internet use
Cyber Disorders
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Cultural Lag Theory William Ogden
believes that acceptance of a new technology follows a three-phase process
Stage One: Invention – combining elements and materials to form new ones
Stage Two: Discovery – discovering a new way of viewing reality
Stage Three: Diffusion – the spread of a discovery from one area to another
People who oppose new technologies are often called “luddites” after a secret society whose goal it was to destroy new textile machines during the early years of the Industrial Revolution
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Technology and Change in the Home
RADIO The invention of new technologies brought
about a new “mass culture” that all social classes could participate in
The invention of an affordable radio saw families gain new methods of entertainment, the same goes for the television
Electricity and heat become important in homes as people’s lives become easier – this is not true in every case
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Is T.V. Really that great an Invention?
TELEVISION Before television families
often listened to the radio or played games together – this promoted dialogue and family interaction
TVs have not only changed the way we interact but the way our house is set up – how many people have a room in their house that is centred around the television?
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How much do you use the computer?
THE COMPUTER I want you to think
for a minute – how often do you think you use the internet?
I want you to write down how much time on average per night and per week you use the computer
When you have done this hand it up to me!
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Life in front of a computer What do you think
would happen to an individual that spends all day in front of a computer devoid of human contact?
What types of skills would they lack in their every day lives?
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Changes in Land Use and Agriculture
Hunter-gatherers•All cultures emerged from hunter-gatherer traditions •These cultures survived as they traveled across territories collecting wild plants they could eat •This type of lifestyle is also called nomadic
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Horticultural Societies These societies learned to
grow domestic plants for human consumption
This allowed humans to stay in one place building farms that allowed them to grow food
Horticulture had a dramatic affect on the land used as people stayed in one placed and focused on a specific patch of land for their survival
This also allows societies to diversify – division of labour
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Pastoral Societies• The domestication of animals is called pastoralism •These peoples are called herders – they are nomadic peoples who move their animals from area to area to let them feed •They get the food they need from their animals
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Agricultural Societies These societies are
characterized by intensive agriculture through various technologies
Irrigation is used to supply plants with a constant supply of water to help them grow. This way they do not have to rely on rain.
The plough allowed people to clear large tracts of land for planting helping them to get a much greater yield from their efforts
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The Emergence of Cities The ultimate result of
these new technologies was a surplus of food which meant not everyone had to be a farmer
This allowed society to diversify leading to a division of labour
This led to new technologies being created making life easier for all those in the community
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The Industrial Revolution This sees new
advances made in industry which in turn leads to new skilled jobs
The introduction of power-driven machinery
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TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
Accept technology and become active in its implementation
Oppose technology and halt its progress “Luddite”- term derived from secret society
whose goal was to destroy new textile machines in England in early years of the Industrial Revolution.
Today “luddite” refers to anyone who opposes technological change
COPING WITH CHANGE