Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report
This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design.
Project Number: 42249 May 2015
Bangladesh: Capacity Building for Disaster Risk Finance Financed by the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction
Prepared by:
Air Worldwide Corporation
San Francisco, USA
For Ministry of Food and Disaster Management – Disaster Management and Relief Division
CapaBang
Draft F
May 1
acity Bglades
Final Re
2, 2015
Buildinsh (ADB
port Sub
g for DB TA-8
bmitted to
Disaste8144)
o the Asi
er Risk
ian Deve
k Finan
elopmen
nce in
t Bank
Table
Executive
1 Intro
1.1 Lim
2 Proje
3 Haza
3.1 Tr
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.3.1
3.1.3.2
3.1.3.3
3.1.3.4
3.1.3.5
3.1.3.6
3.1.3.7
3.1.3.8
3.2 Flo
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.3.1
3.2.3.2
3.2.3.3
of Cont
Summary ......
oduction .........
mitations ........
ect Scope and
ards in Bangla
ropical Cyclon
Historical Tro
Tropical Cycl
Significant an
The 1970 B
The 1991 B
Tropical Cy
Tropical Cy
Tropical Cy
Tropical Cy
Tropical Cy
Tropical Cy
ood ..................
Historical Flo
Flood Conseq
Significant an
The 1988 F
The 1998 F
The 2004 F
tents
.........................
.........................
.........................
Outline ..........
adesh ...............
ne ......................
opical Cyclone
lone Conseque
nd Recent Trop
Bhola Cyclone .
Bangladesh Cy
yclone Sidr (2
yclone Rashm
yclone Bijli (20
yclone Aila (2
yclone BOB 01
yclone Mahas
.........................
ood Informatio
quence .............
nd Recent Floo
loods ..............
loods ..............
loods ..............
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
e Information
ence ................
pical Cyclone
........................
yclone .............
007) ................
mi (2008) ..........
009) ................
009) ................
1 (2012) ..........
en (2013) .......
........................
on ....................
........................
od Events .......
........................
........................
........................
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........................
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........................
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........................
Events ...........
........................
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........................
Final Repo
........................
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........................
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........................
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........................
........................
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
.........................
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.........................
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.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
........................
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........................
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........................
er Risk A-8144)
3 051215
...... 16
...... 19
...... 20
...... 21
...... 23
...... 24
...... 26
...... 29
...... 36
...... 36
...... 38
...... 39
...... 41
...... 42
...... 43
...... 45
...... 46
...... 47
...... 47
...... 50
...... 55
...... 55
...... 56
...... 57
3.2.3.4
3.3 Ea
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.3.1
3.3.3.2
3.3.3.3
3.3.3.4
3.3.3.5
3.3.3.6
3.4 Se
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.3.1
3.4.3.2
3.5 Ot
4 Econ
4.1 Tr
4.2 Flo
4.3 Ea
4.4 Se
4.5 Su
5 Prob
The 2007 F
arthquake ........
Historical Ear
Earthquake C
Significant an
The 1762 A
The 1897 A
The 1918 S
The 1997 C
The 1999 M
The 2003 B
vere Storm .....
Historical Sev
Severe Storm
Significant an
The 1989 D
The April 2
ther Natural P
nomic Impact
ropical Cyclon
ood ..................
arthquake ........
vere Storm .....
ummary ...........
babilistic Tropi
loods ..............
.........................
rthquake Infor
Consequence ...
nd Recent Eart
Arakan Earthqu
Arakan Earthqu
rimangal Eart
Chittagong Ear
Maheshkhali Is
Borkol Earthqu
.........................
vere Storm Inf
Consequence
nd Recent Seve
Daulatpur–Satu
2004 Tornado
Perils ................
of Major Disas
ne ......................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
ical Cyclone R
........................
........................
rmation ..........
........................
thquake Event
uake ...............
uake ...............
thquake ..........
rthquake ........
sland Earthqu
uake ................
........................
formation .......
e .......................
ere Storm Even
uria Tornado
in North‐Cen
........................
sters Since 200
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
Risk Modeling
........................
........................
........................
........................
ts .....................
........................
........................
........................
........................
ake .................
........................
........................
........................
........................
nts ..................
........................
tral Banglades
........................
00 ....................
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g .......................
Final Repo
........................
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sh ....................
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........................
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
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.........................
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
........................
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........................
er Risk A-8144)
4 051215
...... 58
...... 60
...... 62
...... 67
...... 71
...... 71
...... 71
...... 72
...... 73
...... 74
...... 74
...... 77
...... 77
...... 79
...... 81
...... 81
...... 81
...... 82
...... 83
...... 83
...... 87
...... 89
...... 92
...... 93
...... 97
5.1 Lo
5.2 AI
5.3 Sto
5.4 Lo
5.5 Ex
5.5.1
5.5.2
5.5.3
5.5.4
5.5.5
5.5.6
5.5.7
5.5.8
5.5.9
5.6 Da
5.7 M
5.8 Co
5.9 Va
6 Trop
7 Fund
7.1 Da
7.2 Ec
7.3 Fu
7.3.1
7.3.2
oss Evaluation
IR Tropical Cy
ochastic Catal
ocal Hazard In
xposure Datab
Population D
Developing th
Data Sources
Occupancy Ty
Construction
Replacement
Validating th
Exposure Dat
Summary of t
amage Estimat
odeled Loss Su
onsideration o
alidation on H
pical Cyclone a
ding Gap Ana
ata Collection
conomic Impac
unding .............
Funding for R
Humanitarian
n Methodology
yclone Model f
og (Simulated
ntensity Calcul
base ..................
Database ...........
he Exposure D
........................
ype ..................
Type ..............
Values ............
e Industry Exp
tabase Limitat
the Exposure D
tion .................
ummary .........
of the Effect of
Historical Even
and Flood Risk
alysis ................
Methodology
ct from Disast
.........................
Recovery and
n Aid ...............
y ......................
for Bangladesh
d Event Genera
lation ..............
........................
........................
Database of Bu
........................
........................
........................
........................
posure Databa
tions ................
Database of Bu
........................
........................
Storm Surge .
nts ....................
k Profile of Ba
........................
y and Sources .
ters ..................
........................
Rehabilitation
........................
........................
h Overview ...
ation) ..............
........................
........................
........................
uildings ..........
........................
........................
........................
........................
ases .................
........................
uildings .........
........................
........................
........................
........................
angladesh .......
........................
........................
........................
........................
n Projects ........
........................
Final Repo
........................
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ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
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.........................
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
........................
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........................
er Risk A-8144)
5 051215
...... 98
...... 99
.... 101
.... 104
.... 106
.... 106
.... 112
.... 112
.... 114
.... 114
.... 117
.... 118
.... 119
.... 120
.... 124
.... 126
.... 129
.... 132
.... 133
.... 135
.... 135
.... 138
.... 138
.... 138
.... 140
7.3.3
7.3.4
7.4 Fu
8 The
8.1 Ce
8.1.1
8.1.2
8.1.3
8.2 Fin
8.2.1
8.2.1.1
8.2.1.2
8.2.2
8.2.3
8.2.4
8.2.4.1
8.2.4.2
8.3 Ba
9 Disa
167
9.1 Na
9.2 Op
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.2.3
Foreign Aid o
Total Availab
unding Gap ....
Institutional F
entral Governm
Department o
Fiscal Divisio
Economic Rel
nancial Marke
Money Marke
Bangladesh
Financial In
Capital Mark
Insurance Sec
Informal Sect
MFIs and N
MFIs, NGO
angladesh Sov
aster Risk Fina
atural Catastro
perational Asp
Risk Assessm
Managing Bu
Reduction of
on Disaster‐Re
ble Funding ....
.........................
Framework for
ment ................
of Disaster Ma
on, Ministry of
lations Divisio
et ......................
et .....................
h Bank ............
nstitutions ......
et .....................
ctor ..................
tor ....................
NGOs ..............
Os and PKSF I
ereign Rating
ncing Options
ophe Risk Man
pects of Sovere
ment and Quan
udget Volatility
the Overall Li
elated Emerge
........................
........................
r Disaster Risk
........................
anagement, Mi
f Finance ........
on (ERD), Min
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
Involvement w
.......................
s for Banglade
nagement for
eign Disaster R
ntification of C
y .....................
iabilities .........
ncy Response
........................
........................
k Managemen
........................
inistry of Disa
........................
nistry of Financ
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
with Disaster M
........................
esh: Internation
Sovereign Sta
Risk Financing
Contingent Lia
........................
........................
Final Repo
e .......................
........................
........................
nt and the Fina
........................
aster Managem
........................
ce ....................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
Management ..
........................
nal Market Re
ates ..................
g ......................
ability ..............
........................
........................
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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.........................
.........................
.........................
ancial Market i
.........................
ment ................
.........................
.........................
.........................
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.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
eview and App
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
........................
........................
........................
in Bangladesh
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
praisal of Opt
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
er Risk A-8144)
6 051215
.... 142
.... 143
.... 144
h .. 146
.... 146
.... 146
.... 147
.... 148
.... 148
.... 149
.... 150
.... 152
.... 153
.... 156
.... 160
.... 161
.... 162
.... 165
tions
.... 167
.... 168
.... 169
.... 169
.... 171
9.3 Di
9.4 Ca
9.4.1
9.4.2
9.4.3
9.5 Op
9.5.1
9.5.2
9.5.3
9.6 Pr
9.6.1
9.6.2
10 Refe
11 App
About AIR
About Asi
isaster Risk Fin
ase studies of D
Sovereign Lev
Meso‐Level In
Micro‐Level I
ptions for Ban
Review of Re
Analyzing Ri
Breaking dow
actical Implem
Sovereign Op
Non‐Sovereig
rences .............
pendix ..............
R Worldwide C
ian Disaster Pr
nancing in the
DRF Initiative
vel DRF Initia
nsurance Prog
Insurance Prog
gladesh ..........
lated Insuranc
sk and Identif
wn the funding
mentable Solut
ptions ...............
gn Options ......
.........................
.........................
Corporation ...
reparedness C
e International
es Relevant to
atives ...............
grams ..............
grams .............
........................
ce Activities in
fying Needs ...
g gap ..............
tions ...............
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
Center (ADPC)
l Developmen
Bangladesh ...
........................
........................
........................
........................
n Bangladesh .
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
) .......................
Final Repo
nt Context .......
........................
........................
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........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
.........................
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.........................
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.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
er Risk A-8144)
7 051215
.... 172
.... 173
.... 173
.... 176
.... 177
.... 179
.... 179
.... 180
.... 181
.... 187
.... 187
.... 193
.... 196
.... 205
.... 211
.... 211
Table
Figure 1. G
Figure 2. S
Summary
Figure 3. S
Figure 4. Y
Figure 5. M
Figure 6. N
2008 TC R
Figure 7. N
Sidr, 2008
Figure 8. S
Figure 9. M
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
Wikipedia
Figure 14.
Figure 15.
Figure 16.
Figure 17.
Figure 18.
Figure 19.
Figure 20.
Figure 21.
of Figu
General Tropic
Summary of th
Storm Inform
Storm Tracks f
Yearly Storm F
Monthly Storm
Number of Liv
Rashmi, 2009 T
Number of Peo
TC Rashmi, 2
Satellite Image
Mortality Rate
Storm Surge V
Satellite Imag
Satellite Imag
Satellite Imag
a) ......................
Satellite Imag
Satellite Imag
Tropical Cycl
Satellite Imag
Satellite Imag
Flood Prone A
Normalized R
Countrywide
res
cal Cyclone Ri
he Data Qualit
mation of Each
from Tropical
Frequency Der
m Frequency D
ves Lost by Dis
TC Bijli, 2009 T
ople Affected
009 TC Bijli, 2
e and Meteoro
e by Union for
Values (in Fee
ge and Meteor
ge and Meteor
ge and Meteor
.........................
ge and Meteor
ge and Meteor
lone Aila Area
ge and Meteor
ge and Meteor
Areas in Bang
Reported Floo
e Exceedance P
isk in Banglad
ty of the Tropi
Given Storm i
Cyclone Histo
rived from the
Derived from t
strict from Six
TC Aila, 2012 T
by District fro
009 TC Aila, 2
logical Histor
the 1970 Bhol
et) for the 1970
ological Histo
ological Histo
ological Histo
........................
ological Histo
ological Histo
as Affected wi
ological Histo
ological Histo
ladesh (Source
ds Losses Ver
Probability Cu
desh (Source: S
ical Cyclone H
in the Databas
orical Databas
e Tropical Cyc
the Tropical C
x Recent Tropi
TC BOB 01, an
om Six Recent
2012 TC BOB 0
y of the 1970 B
la Cyclone (So
0 Bhola Cyclon
ory of the 1991
ory of 2007 Tro
ory of 2008 Tro
........................
ory of 2009 Tro
ory of 2009 Tro
th Surface Wa
ory of 2012 Tro
ory of 2013 Tro
e: BARC/UND
sus Percent of
urve of Floods
Final Repo
SPARRSO) ......
Historical Data
se .....................
se by Peak Inte
clone Historica
Cyclone Histor
ical Cyclones i
nd 2013 TC Ma
Tropical Cycl
01, and 2013 T
Bhola Cyclone
ource: Sommer
ne (Source: Fra
Bangladesh C
opical Cyclone
opical Cyclone
........................
opical Cyclone
opical Cyclone
ater as of May
opical Cyclone
opical Cyclone
DP/FAO, 2000)
f Bangladesh A
Losses ...........
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
.........................
abase – Each M
.........................
ensity ..............
al Database (18
ical Database
in Bangladesh
ahasen) ............
lones in Bangl
TC Mahasen) ...
e (Source: Wik
r and Mosley,
ank and Husa
Cyclone (Sour
e Sidr (Source:
e Rashmi (Ima
.........................
e Bijli (Source:
e Aila (Source:
27th, 2009 (Sou
e BOB 01 (Sou
e Mahasen (So
) .......................
Affected by Fl
.........................
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
........................
Marker Repres
........................
........................
877‐2013) .......
(1877‐2013) ...
h (2007 TC Sidr
........................
adesh (2007 T
........................
kipedia) ..........
1972) .............
in, 1971) ........
ce: Wikipedia
: Wikipedia) ..
age Source:
........................
Wikipedia) ..
: Wikipedia) ..
urce: WFP) ....
rce: Wikipedia
ource: Wikiped
........................
loods ...............
........................
er Risk A-8144)
8 051215
...... 25
sents
...... 27
...... 28
...... 29
...... 29
r,
...... 34
C
...... 35
...... 36
...... 37
...... 37
) .... 38
...... 39
...... 41
...... 42
...... 43
...... 44
a) .. 45
dia) 46
...... 49
...... 53
...... 54
Figure 22.
Figure 23.
Voluntary
Figure 24.
Figure 25.
..................
Figure 26.
Figure 27.
Figure 28.
Figure 29.
Greater th
Figure 30.
Banglades
Figure 31.
Figure 32.
Figure 33.
Figure 34.
Earthquak
Figure 35.
Figure 36.
Figure 37.
2005 (Sour
Figure 38.
between 1
Figure 39.
Figure 40.
Figure 41.
Flood Affecte
Flood Affecte
y Services) .......
2004 Flood In
2007 Flood A
.........................
Seismic Haza
Seismic Zonin
The Historica
Cumulative N
han 5.0 (left im
Magnitude Re
sh Borders.......
The Epicenter
Historic Shak
Seismic Inten
Five‐story Re
ke (Source: Al‐
USGS ShakeM
Brick Masonr
Geographical
rce: Yamane et
The Distribut
967 and 1996
Reported Tro
Reported Tro
Reported Seis
ed Areas from
ed Areas from
.........................
ntensity Based
ffected Areas
.........................
ard in Banglad
ng Map from t
al Earthquake
Number of Eve
mage) and 6.0 (r
ecurrence Plot
.........................
rs of Some Sig
keMap of the 1
nsity Distributi
inforced Conc
‐Hussaini, 201
Map of the 200
ry Damage in K
l Distribution
t al., 2010) .......
tion of the Ave
(Source: Ono,
opical Cyclone
opical Cyclone
smicity in Ban
the 1988 Floo
the 1998 Floo
........................
on Water Lev
(Source: Left
........................
desh (Source: G
the 2006 Bang
Database Dev
ents in the Fin
right image). .
t of Reported M
........................
gnificant Event
1897 Assam Ea
ion of the 1918
crete Frame Bu
1) ....................
03 Borkol Earth
Kolabunia afte
of 2,324 Sever
........................
erage Tornado
2001) .............
Activity in th
near Banglad
ngladesh from
ds (Source: Ba
ds (Source: Ri
........................
vel (Source: CP
Image – DMIC
........................
GSHAP, ASC)
ladesh Nation
veloped for the
nal Historical E
........................
Mainshock Ev
........................
ts in the Earth
arthquake (Sou
8 Srimangal Ea
uilding Collap
........................
hquake ...........
er the 2003 Bo
e Local Conve
........................
o Occurrence p
........................
he Bay of Beng
desh from 2000
2000 to End o
Final Repo
anglapedia) ....
ight Image – B
........................
PD‐IRBD, 2004
C/CDMP, 2007
........................
........................
nal Building C
e Bangladesh R
Earthquake Da
........................
vents from 191
........................
hquake Conseq
urce: Hough e
arthquake (So
pse in Chittago
........................
........................
orkol Earthqua
ective Storms i
........................
per 10,000 Squ
........................
gal from 2000 t
0 to End of 201
of 2013 .............
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
.........................
BARC; Left Im
.........................
4) .....................
7; Right Image
.........................
.........................
Code .................
Region ............
atabase with M
.........................
13 to 2013 With
.........................
quence Databa
et al., 2003) ......
ource: Sabri, 20
ong after the 1
.........................
.........................
ake (Source: A
in Bangladesh
.........................
uare Miles in B
.........................
to End of 2013
13 .....................
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........................
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........................
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........................
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........................
........................
Magnitude (M
........................
hin 50 km of
........................
ase ..................
........................
001) .................
1997 Chittagon
........................
........................
Al‐Hussaini, 20
h from 1990 an
........................
Bangladesh
........................
3 .......................
........................
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9 051215
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tional
...... 57
...... 58
2007)
...... 59
...... 61
...... 61
...... 64
Mw)
...... 65
...... 66
...... 70
...... 72
...... 73
ng
...... 74
...... 75
011) 76
nd
...... 78
...... 78
...... 85
...... 86
...... 90
Figure 42.
Figure 43.
Figure 44.
Figure 45.
Figure 46.
of the Stoc
Landfall) .
Figure 47.
Banglades
Figure 48.
Banglades
Figure 49.
Figure 50.
Figure 51.
Figure 52.
Figure 53.
Figure 54.
Figure 55.
Figure 56.
Figure 57.
Figure 58.
Figure 59.
Figure 60.
Figure 61.
Model ......
Figure 62.
Tropical C
Estimated Eco
Estimated Peo
Estimated Lif
AIR Catastrop
Distribution o
chastic Catalog
.........................
Comparison o
sh – Location o
Comparison o
sh .....................
Probabilistic T
Map of Admi
Estimated 201
Gridded Popu
General appr
Percent of Ho
Percent of Ku
Modeled Urb
Gridded Repl
Share of Dwe
Share of Resid
Share of Non‐
Damage Func
.........................
Damage Func
Cyclone Model
onomic Impac
ople Affected
fe Loss from Si
phe Risk Evalu
of Simulated T
g. The Intensit
.........................
of the Historic
of Landfall Seg
of the Historic
.........................
Tropical Cyclo
inistrative Reg
14 Population
ulation of Ban
oach for devel
ouseholds by T
utcha Househo
banicity for the
lacement Cost
ellings by Cons
dential Exposu
‐Residential E
ctions for Trop
.........................
ctions for Floo
l .......................
ct from Signifi
from Significa
ignificant Disa
uation Framew
Tropical Cyclo
ty at First Land
........................
cal and Simula
gments Shown
cal and Simula
........................
one Wind Haz
gions of Bangl
by Subdistric
ngladesh .........
loping the Ban
Type per Subd
olds by Constr
e Exposure Da
t Map of All M
struction per D
ure Value by C
Exposure Value
pical Cyclone I
........................
oding from Tro
........................
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ant Disasters i
asters in Bang
work ...............
one Tracks Aff
dfall is Indicat
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ated Annual L
n on the Right
ated Annual L
........................
zard for Select
adesh .............
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atabase ............
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e by Construc
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opical Cyclone
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s in Banglades
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gladesh from 2
........................
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ted (N/A Refe
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t .......................
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........................
t Cities in Bang
........................
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osure database
ed from the 20
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ings ................
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ction per Divis
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ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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adesh Sampled
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fall Strength in
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........................
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ropical Cyclon
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10 051215
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...... 94
...... 95
...... 99
Years
.... 102
in
.... 103
n
.... 103
.... 105
.... 107
.... 110
.... 111
.... 112
.... 115
.... 116
.... 118
.... 121
.... 122
.... 122
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ne
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ladesh
.... 125
Figure 63.
Figure 64.
Figure 65.
for Bangla
Figure 66.
Figure 67.
Figure 68.
Results Co
Figure 69.
Figure 70.
Figure 71.
Investmen
Figure 72.
OCHA) ....
Figure 73.
(Source: U
Figure 74.
External R
2013) ........
Figure 75.
Figure 76.
Figure 77.
Figure 78.
Figure 79.
Figure 80.
Figure 81.
disaster co
Tropical Cycl
Tropical Cycl
Tropical Cycl
adesh by Distr
General Storm
Inferred Storm
Normalized A
onsidering the
Tropical Cycl
Qualitative R
Funding for R
nt Program, Pl
Humanitarian
.........................
Humanitarian
UN‐OCHA) .....
Foreign Aid o
Resources in Ba
.........................
Total Availab
Funding Gap
Layered Disa
Time Dimens
Cost Dimensi
Superimpose
Relative share
osts. .................
lone Modeled
lone Modeled
lone Modeled
ict ....................
m Surge Risk i
m Surge Risk i
Average Annu
e Effect of Stor
lone Sidr – Rep
Risk Profile of B
Recovery and
anning Comm
n Aid into Ban
.........................
n Aid by Dono
.........................
on Disaster‐Re
angladesh, Ec
.........................
ble Funding of
of Catastroph
ster Risk Finan
sion of Risk Fin
ion of Risk Fin
d Funding Ga
e of governme
.........................
Loss Risk Pro
Aggregate‐Ba
Aggregate‐Ba
........................
in Bangladesh
in Bangladesh
ual Loss by Dis
m Surge (Righ
ported Impact
Bangladesh ...
Rehabilitation
mission) ..........
ngladesh 2000‐
........................
ors for the 200
........................
elated Emerge
onomic Relati
........................
f Catastrophes
hes in Banglad
ncing Approa
nancing Instru
nancing Instru
ap Results Sum
ent and non‐go
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ased Average A
ased Average A
........................
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ht Image) .......
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........................
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ions Division –
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uments (Sourc
uments (Source
mmary with Ri
overnment, an
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Final Repo
adesh ..............
Annual Loss f
Annual Loss,
........................
SO (left image
........................
s Directly from
........................
and Modeled
........................
angladesh 200
........................
: Financial Tra
........................
2007 Tropical
........................
e into Banglade
– Data are Not
........................
h 2000‐2013 ...
3 ......................
hesquiere & M
ce: Ghesquiere
e: Ghesquiere
isk Financing
nd short‐, med
........................
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
.........................
for Bangladesh
Normalized b
.........................
e) and IWM (ri
.........................
m the Model (L
.........................
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acking Service
.........................
Cyclone Sidr
.........................
esh 2000‐2013
t Available for
.........................
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.........................
Mahul, 2010) ...
e & Mahul, 201
& Mahul, 201
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ight image) ...
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Left Image) an
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ce: Annual
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s of the UN‐
........................
in Bangladesh
........................
(Source Flow
r 2000, 2001, a
........................
........................
........................
........................
10) ..................
10) ...................
........................
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........................
er Risk A-8144)
11 051215
.... 127
.... 128
Value,
.... 128
.... 130
.... 131
nd
.... 131
.... 132
.... 134
.... 140
.... 141
h
.... 142
w of
and
.... 143
.... 144
.... 145
.... 169
.... 170
.... 171
.... 181
.... 186
Figure 82.
relative to
Figure 83.
modeled n
Figure 84.
marked fo
Figure 85.
elements o
Share of gove
estimated fun
Exceedance p
national loss. ..
Exceedance p
or both Cyclon
Payout curve
of the curves a
ernment and n
nding gap. ......
probability cur
.........................
probability cur
ne and Flood p
s for Cyclone
are labelled for
non‐governme
........................
rves for ‘Gover
........................
rves for ‘Gover
perils. ..............
and Flood cov
r Cyclone only
ent, and short‐,
........................
rnment respon
........................
rnment respon
........................
verage with ch
y; the same str
Final Repo
‐, medium‐ and
........................
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........................
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........................
haracteristics d
ructure is true
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.........................
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he text. Note th
o. .....................
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12 051215
osts
.... 186
.... 190
els
.... 191
hat
.... 192
List o
Table 1. Li
Table 2. G
Table 3. H
Table 4. N
– 2013) .....
Table 5. A
of Bengal
Table 6. Co
Table 7. D
Table 8. D
TC Rashm
Table 9. D
of Banglad
Table 10. S
Banglades
Table 11. D
Report issu
Table 12. D
issued MO
Table 13. D
Report issu
Table 14. S
EHCO, 20
Table 15. D
Situation R
Table 16. D
Mahasen U
f Tables
ist of Major Ha
eneral Hazard
Historical Tropi
Number of Rep
.........................
verage Yearly
(1877 – 2013) ..
onsequence D
ecadal Summa
istrict‐Wide C
mi, 2009 TC Bijl
istrict‐Wide C
desh, 2008) .....
Sector‐Wide D
sh, 2008) ..........
District‐Wide C
ued MON‐30‐
District‐Wide C
ON‐20‐APR‐20
District‐Wide C
ued MON‐20‐
Sector‐Wide C
09) ...................
District‐Wide C
Report issued
District‐Wide C
Update Issue 1
s
azards in Bang
d Consequence
ical Cyclone D
ported Storms
.........................
y Number of R
.........................
Database of Tro
ary of the Trop
Consequence D
li, 2009 TC Ail
Consequence D
.........................
Damage and Lo
.........................
Consequence
‐OCT‐2008:120
Consequence
009:1200) .........
Consequence
‐APR‐2009:120
Consequence D
.........................
Consequence
MON‐22‐OCT
Consequence
1 May 20, 2013
gladesh ..........
e in Banglades
Database Summ
from the Histo
........................
Reported Storm
........................
opical Cyclone
pical Cyclone
Data for Six Re
la, 2012 TC BO
Data for 2007 T
........................
oss Estimates
........................
Data for 2008
00) ...................
Data for 2009
........................
Data for 2009
00) ...................
Data for 2009 T
........................
Data for 2012
T‐2012:1450) ..
Data for 2013
3) .....................
........................
sh (Source: EM
mary for the B
orical Tropical
........................
ms from the Hi
........................
e Events in Ban
Consequence
ecent Tropical
OB 01, and 201
Tropical Cyclo
........................
for 2007 Tropi
........................
Tropical Cycl
........................
Tropical Cycl
........................
Tropical Cycl
........................
Tropical Cyclo
........................
Tropical Cycl
........................
Tropical Cycl
........................
Final Repo
........................
MDAT) ............
Bay of Bengal S
l Cyclone Dat
........................
istorical Tropi
........................
ngladesh ........
e Database ......
Cyclones in B
13 TC Mahasen
one Sidr (Sourc
........................
ical Cyclone S
........................
lone Rashmi (S
........................
lone Bijli (Sour
........................
lone Aila (Sou
........................
one Aila (Sourc
........................
lone BOB 01 (S
........................
lone Mahasen
........................
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
.........................
.........................
Sub‐Basin .......
tabase for the B
.........................
ical Cyclone D
.........................
.........................
.........................
Bangladesh (20
n) .....................
ce: DMIC/DM
.........................
Sidr (Source: G
.........................
Source: DMIC
.........................
rce: DMIC/DM
.........................
urce: DMIC/DM
.........................
ce: the MOFD
.........................
Source: DMIC
.........................
(Source: CDM
.........................
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........................
........................
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........................
MB and Govern
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Government of
........................
C/DMB Situatio
........................
MB Situation R
........................
MB Situation
........................
M reported in
........................
C/CDMP/MDM
........................
MP/MDMR Cy
........................
er Risk A-8144)
13 051215
...... 24
...... 24
...... 26
(1877
...... 28
he Bay
...... 28
...... 31
...... 33
008
...... 33
nment
...... 40
f
...... 40
on
...... 41
Report
...... 42
...... 43
n
...... 44
MR
...... 45
yclone
...... 46
Table 17. Y
Table 18. C
Table 19. F
Table 20. F
Table 21. 1
2002) ........
Table 22. S
Table 23. S
Table 24. S
Table 25. D
Table 26. N
Table 27. E
Table 28. D
Table 29. N
Table 30. C
Table 31. R
Table 32. D
Table 33. C
Table 34. P
Table 35. N
Table 36. C
Table 37. S
Table 38. E
Table 39. S
Table 40. S
Yearly Flood A
Consequence D
Flood Consequ
Flooded area o
1988 Floods Re
.........................
Sector‐Wise 19
Sector‐Wise 20
Sector‐Wise 20
Disaggregation
Number of Re
Earthquake Co
Decadal Summ
Notable Severe
Consequence D
Reported Trop
Detailed Conse
Consequence D
Preferred Cons
Number of Re
Consequence D
Severe Storm C
Estimated Disa
Summary of A
Summary of th
Affected Area
Database of Fl
uence Databas
of Bangladesh
ehabilitation a
.........................
998 Flood Dam
004 Flood Dam
007 Flood Dam
n of Original M
ported Events
onsequence Da
mary of the Ea
e Storm Conse
Database of D
pical Cyclone E
equence Data
Database of Fl
sequence Data
ported Events
Database of Si
Consequence D
aster Consequ
Administrative
he Population
in Bangladesh
loods in Bangl
se – Preferred
for different r
and Reconstru
........................
mages (Source:
mages (Source:
mages (Source:
Magnitude Un
s in the Histori
atabase ..........
rthquake Con
equence Datab
rought, Extrem
Events Making
of Significant
loods from 200
a of Floods fro
s in the Histori
ignificant Eart
Data from 200
uence in Bangl
e Regions of Ba
Database by D
h (Source: BWD
ladesh .............
Loss Estimate
return periods
ction Program
........................
: Climate Chan
: CPD‐IRBD R
: GOB, 2007) ..
nits in the Full
ical Earthquak
........................
nsequence Data
base.................
me Temperatu
g Landfall in B
Tropical Cycl
00 to End of 20
om 2000 to End
ical Earthquak
thquakes from
00 to End of 20
adesh from 20
angladesh ......
District ...........
Final Repo
DB, 2014) .......
........................
es .....................
s .......................
m (Source: UN
........................
nge Cell, 2009
Rapid Assessm
........................
l Historical Ca
ke Database ...
........................
abase ..............
........................
ure, and Lands
Bangladesh fro
lones from 200
013 ..................
d of 2013 ........
ke Database fr
m 2000 to End o
013 ...................
000 to End of 2
........................
........................
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
DP/GOB, 1988
.........................
9) ......................
ment of Flood a
.........................
atalog ...............
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
slides (Source
om 2000 to En
00 to End of 20
.........................
.........................
rom 2000 to En
of 2013 ............
.........................
2013 .................
.........................
.........................
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
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........................
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........................
........................
8; Benson and
........................
........................
and World Ban
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
: EMDAT) .....
nd of 2013 .......
013 .................
........................
........................
nd of 2013 ......
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
er Risk A-8144)
14 051215
...... 48
...... 52
...... 53
...... 54
Clay,
...... 56
...... 56
nk) 58
...... 59
...... 63
...... 66
...... 68
...... 70
...... 80
...... 82
...... 84
...... 84
...... 88
...... 88
...... 89
...... 91
...... 92
...... 96
.... 107
.... 109
Table 41. C
Table 42. H
Table 43. A
see Section
Table 44. B
Table 45. N
Table 46. T
Table 47. R
Table 48. D
Table 49. Q
Table 50. D
Table 51. S
Table 52. B
Table 53. K
Construction C
Height Classes
Average Const
n 5.5.3) ............
Bangladesh Ex
Number of Dw
Tropical Cyclo
Relative Storm
Definition of S
Qualitative Ris
Disaster Relate
Summary of C
Breakdown of
Key characteri
Classes Consid
s Considered i
truction Costs
.........................
xposure Summ
wellings and R
one Modeled L
m Surge Risk E
Surge Risk Ind
sk Profile of B
ed Economic I
Cyclone Sidr da
Cyclone Sidr
istics of possib
dered in the Ba
in the Banglad
s per Dwelling
........................
mary Statistics
Replacement V
Loss Risk Profi
Exposure by Di
dex and Associ
angladesh .....
Impact and Fu
amage and los
damage and l
ble parametric
angladesh Exp
desh Exposure
g in BDT (Sour
........................
(2014) ............
Value per Distr
ile for Banglad
istrict..............
iated Loss Fac
........................
unding Gap in
ss estimates by
loss to soverei
insurance pro
Final Repo
posure Databa
e Database of B
rce: Various In
........................
........................
rict ..................
desh ................
........................
ctors .................
........................
n Bangladesh f
y sector. .........
ign and non‐so
oducts for Ban
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ase of Building
Buildings ........
nformation Sy
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
from 2000‐2013
.........................
overeign sourc
ngladesh. All v
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
gs ....................
........................
nthesized by A
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
3 (Million USD
........................
ces. .................
values are USD
er Risk A-8144)
15 051215
.... 116
.... 116
AIR –
.... 117
.... 120
.... 123
.... 127
.... 130
.... 130
.... 134
D) 137
.... 184
.... 185
D. 191
Execu
Banglades
hazards, su
often resul
cities, regi
that can le
The Asian
building fo
catastroph
rehabilitat
analysis fo
workshop
During the
with the st
Report pre
modeling,
of Banglad
The risk p
(fast‐onset
Banglades
solutions i
historical i
notable an
While the
consequen
2000 to 201
of recent e
Banglades
sudden‐on
least 10.8 b
floods and
utive Su
sh, a country lo
uch as floodin
lt in significan
ons, and the c
ead to long term
n Development
or disaster risk
hes. The TA’s e
tion. The proje
or disaster resp
s on disaster r
e course of the
takeholders in
esents a detail
and provides
desh’s current
rofiling of Ban
t) type. Tropic
sh, and further
in Bangladesh
information an
nd recent even
general risk p
nce informatio
13, in which co
events and to p
sh include the
nset natural ha
billion USD in
d tropical cyclo
mmary
ocated on the
ng, tropical cyc
nt casualties, p
country as a w
m negative co
t Bank (ADB)
k finance (DRF
expected even
ect outputs inc
ponse, (iii) con
risk finance.
e study, prelim
n the form of re
ed description
s the final outc
market situat
ngladesh focus
cal cyclone, flo
rmore, are con
h. Risk profile i
nd data, repor
nts.
profile synthes
on. As such, a m
onsequence da
provide input
2004 floods, th
azard events in
n economic imp
ones.
Ganges‐Brahm
clones, severe
property and a
whole typically
onsequences fo
has implemen
F) in Banglade
ntual impact is
clude: (i) catas
nceptual set of
minary, interm
eports, focuse
n of hazards in
comes of the ob
tion, and poten
ses on hazards
ood, earthquak
nsidered suitab
information fo
rted consequen
izes available
more rigorous
ata is inferred
to the funding
he 2007 floods
n Bangladesh
pact (damage
maputra delta
storms, and e
agriculture dam
y sustain adver
or the affected
nted a Technic
esh to help the
improved go
trophe risk pr
f risk finance s
mediate, and fin
d meetings, p
n Bangladesh,
bjectives of th
ntial disaster r
s that are natu
ke, and severe
ble candidates
or these four m
nce of historic
information, d
s assessment is
when not rep
g gap analysis
s, and tropical
from 2000 to e
and losses to
Final Repo
in South Asia
earthquakes, a
mage, and mo
rse socio‐econ
d region.
cal Assistance
e Government
vernment pre
rofiling of Ban
solutions, and
nal outputs ar
resentations, a
outlines the p
he TA, such as
risk financing
urally occurrin
storm are ide
s for assessing
major perils is
cal events, and
data gaps are
s carried out f
ported to prov
s. During these
cyclone Sidr i
end of 2013 ar
all sectors), of
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
a, is exposed to
among others.
onetary losses.
nomic impacts
(TA‐8144) tow
t of Banglades
eparedness for
ngladesh, (ii) a
(iv) knowledg
re to be shared
and workshop
probabilistic tr
the funding g
options.
ng and are of t
entified as the
g the developm
made availab
d further in‐de
noted in the a
for major disas
vide a robust v
e years, the m
in 2007. Overa
re estimated to
f which more t
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
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o a multitude
These hazard
. Furthermore,
from these ha
wards capacity
h better prepa
r disaster relief
funding gap
ge‐sharing
d and discusse
ps. This Draft F
ropical cyclone
gap analysis, r
the catastrophi
four major pe
ment of DRF
le through
epth descriptio
available repor
ster events fro
view of the imp
major events in
all, significant
o have caused
than 95% is du
er Risk A-8144)
16 051215
of
s
,
azards
y
are for
f and
ed
Final
e risk
eview
ic
rils in
ons of
rted
om
pacts
at
ue to
Many DRF
as the und
Banglades
example fo
risk mode
assessed u
A country
both tropi
probabilis
from an an
billion USD
risk profile
financial im
from flood
A funding
expenditu
which maj
without m
over the 14
billion USD
billion USD
rehabilitat
foreign aid
Banglades
analyzed t
expected t
enough to
small; how
insurance
reinsuranc
currently i
(SBC) also
disaster ris
catastroph
microfinan
F options curr
derlying basis
sh in support o
or quantitative
l and model o
using a simplif
‐wide risk pro
cal cyclones an
tic catastrophe
nalysis of the h
D on average
e also provide
mpact from cy
ds will exceed
g gap analysis,
ure associated w
jor catastrophe
major catastrop
4‐year period
D disaster‐rela
D available fu
tion and preve
d. Only around
sh’s institution
to assess its ca
that the size of
be able to pla
wever, it could
solution throu
ce support can
implemented
o has crop insu
sk financing a
hes. These orga
nce networks a
ently impleme
of each solutio
of a future pot
e catastrophe
utputs are pro
fied approach.
ofile, which qu
nd floods in B
e risk model th
historical reco
per year due t
es exceedance
yclones will ex
12.4 billion U
, considered fo
with catastrop
es occur. Alth
phes, the long‐
from 2000 to 2
ated damage a
unding that ha
ention projects
d one‐third of
nal framework
apacity and po
f the domestic
ay an effective
d have the fina
ugh a consorti
n be a viable op
in the country
urance experie
as they offer a n
anizations can
and better flow
ented worldw
on’s financial t
tential DRF so
risk analysis in
ovided. The im
.
uantifies the po
Bangladesh. Th
hat was devel
rd. Overall, Ba
to cyclone and
probability (E
xceed 7.2 billio
SD next year.
or the years 20
phes. Overall,
ough the coun
‐term funding
2013. This fun
and loss is cov
s been reliably
s, 0.68 billion U
f the total avai
k for disaster ri
otential role in
money marke
role in disaste
ancial capacity
ium of domest
ption as illustr
y. In addition,
ence. Financial
number of ser
n also help imp
w of informati
wide typically r
terms. In orde
lution, the tro
n Bangladesh.
mpact of storm
otential econo
he tropical cyc
oped as part o
angladesh is e
d flood (or abo
EP) losses. For
on USD next y
000 to 2013, inv
Bangladesh ex
ntry runs smal
gap is substan
ding deficit ar
vered by availa
y identified, 2.
USD from hum
lable funding
isk manageme
terms of disas
et and capital
er risk financin
y with internat
tic insurance p
rated by an ex
the general in
l NGOs and C
rvices, which c
prove targetin
ion among the
Final Repo
require probab
er to quantify t
opical cyclone
. A detailed de
m surge is not e
omic impact of
clone risk prof
of this project.
expected incur
out 2.2% of the
example, ther
year, and a 1%
volved collect
xperiences siz
ll funding defi
ntial, amounti
rose because o
able funding i
.6 billion USD
manitarian aid
was generate
ent and curren
ster risk finan
market in Ban
ng. The insura
tional reinsura
providers with
xample of “me
nsurance provi
Cooperative can
can help client
ng of relief pro
eir members.
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
bilistic catastro
the risk of a se
hazard was se
escription of t
explicitly mod
f future events
file is derived
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r a financial im
e 2014 GDP). T
re is a 1% chan
chance that th
ting data on na
zeable funding
icits or surplu
ing to around
only around ha
in the said per
D came from re
d, and 1.78 bill
d domestically
nt domestic fin
cing. In curren
ngladesh is no
ance sector on
ance support. A
h a strong inte
eso” level flood
ider, Sadharan
n also play an
ts in coping w
ograms throug
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
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ophe risk mod
elected hazard
elected as the p
the tropical cyc
deled, howeve
s, is presented
from the robu
k profile is der
mpact of about
The quantitativ
nce that the
he financial im
ational revenu
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uses in the year
5.5 billion USD
alf of the 10.8
riod. Of the 5.1
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lion USD from
y.
nancial marke
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ot large or stron
its own is also
A “meso” leve
ernational
d insurance
n Bima Corpor
n important rol
with the impact
gh their
er Risk A-8144)
17 051215
deling
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pilot
clone
er, is
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ust
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t 3.2
ve
mpact
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s in
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1
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it is
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assessmen
previously
sovereigns
tools at the
Based on t
include an
penetratio
foundation
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with maxi
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national st
and suppo
Implemen
stakeholde
availability
Disaster M
relevant d
would be b
TA, but al
need to wo
Governme
section of the r
nt, identificatio
y described. In
s, case studies
e macro, meso
the internation
n option for dir
on in Banglade
ns for specific
utions are thos
mum benefici
development f
takeholders. T
ort provided b
ntation Agency
ers including m
y of data has b
Management w
ata sets reque
beneficial to id
so serves as an
ork closely wi
ent.
report concent
on of risk finan
n addition to d
with relevanc
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nal context and
rect sovereign
esh as a vehicle
implementab
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ial impact on d
for disaster ris
The quality of t
by these stakeh
y, i.e., the Mini
ministries, fina
been limited. I
work closely to
sted by the co
dentify a senio
n internal cham
th the consult
trates on risk f
ncing needs, a
describing the
ce to Banglade
vels, all releva
d precedent, s
n risk transfer
e to develop ri
le solutions ar
eam believes w
developing ris
sk financing re
the deliverable
holders. The co
istry of Disast
ancial instituti
It is particularl
ogether, play a
onsultants, esp
or level individ
mpion for the
ant team and
financing optio
and the status
types of risk f
esh are presen
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pecific option
and an option
isk financing f
re laid out, to b
will be the mos
sk financing fo
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onsultant team
ter Manageme
ions, technical
ly important t
an active role i
pecially as the p
dual in both m
implementati
facilitate data
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ons for Bangla
of national ris
financing tools
nted, demonstr
ng sovereign e
ns are then iden
n utilizing the
for the low‐inc
be expanded i
st appropriate
or Bangladesh
ndous support
with the TA is
m has been wo
ent, and reache
l organization
that the Minist
in the project,
project approa
ministries who
ion of the TA o
access and de
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
adesh in the co
sk financing m
s available to d
rating the imp
exposure to ca
ntified for Ban
extensive mic
come populat
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.
t and involvem
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ed out to seve
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try of Finance
and provide t
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ontext of the r
mechanisms
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plementation o
atastrophe risk
ngladesh. Thes
ro‐finance
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hase of project
market quickly
ment from var
uenced by the
with the
ral other natio
In general, th
and Ministry
timely access t
n‐making stag
esponsible for
individual wo
g within the
er Risk A-8144)
18 051215
risk
orld
of
k.
se
work.
and
rious
data
onal
he
of
to
es. It
this
ould
1 Intr
Banglades
hazards, su
result in si
regions, an
can lead to
To help th
requested
The expec
rehabilitat
disaster re
disaster ris
To accomp
� Ta
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During the
with the p
Final Repo
necessary
The Interim
meeting m
December
Gupta, Dr
Anisur Ra
from the c
and variou
Managem
1 The term “
disasters t
roductio
sh, a country lo
uch as floodin
ignificant casu
nd the country
o long term ne
he Governmen
a Technical A
ted eventual i
tion. The TA o
esponse, (iii) co
sk finance.
plish the goals
ask A: Collect
ask B: Hazard
ask C: Exposu
ask D: Develo
ask E: Design
e course of the
project partner
ort presents a b
to build capac
m Working Gr
minutes and att
r 8, 2014 (see A
. C. Marc Ram
ahman and Kh
consultant team
us officials fro
ent and Relief
disaster” is usedtriggered by natu
on
ocated on the
ng, tropical cyc
ualties, proper
y as a whole ty
egative conseq
nt of Banglades
Assistance (TA‐
mpact of the T
outputs includ
onceptual set o
s outlined in th
ion and mana
d model develo
ure data collect
opment of peri
of parametric
e study, prelim
s in the form o
brief descripti
city for DRF so
roup Mission
tendees). The
Appendix for m
mirez and Dr. I
hondoker Gola
m; Ms. Mayum
m the Govern
f, Mr. Mesbah
d interchangeablyural hazard even
Ganges‐Brahm
clones, severe
rty and agricul
ypically sustai
quences for the
sh better prep
‐8144) of capa
TA is improve
e (i) catastroph
of risk finance
he terms of ref
agement of los
opment
tion and vulne
il‐specific cata
indices for fin
minary, interm
of reports, focu
ion of hazards
olutions.
took place in D
Interim Work
meeting minut
Ivan Gomez fr
am Tawhid fro
mi Ozaki, Ms.
nment of Bangl
ul Alam, Add
y with the term “nts.
maputra delta
storms, earthq
lture damage,
in adverse soc
e affected regi
are for such ev
acity building f
ed government
he risk profilin
e solutions, an
ference (ToR),
s and econom
erability asses
strophic risk p
nancial transac
mediate, and fin
used meetings
s in Bangladesh
Dhaka, Bangla
king Group Mi
tes and attend
rom AIR Worl
om ADPC; Mr
Charlotte Ben
ladesh includi
ditional Secreta
“catastrophe” thr
Final Repo
in South Asia
quakes and dr
and monetary
cio‐economic im
ion.
vents, the Asia
for disaster1 ri
t preparednes
ng of Banglad
nd (iv) knowled
the process in
mic impact data
ssment
profiles for Ban
ctions
nal outputs ar
s, presentation
h and outlines
adesh on Dece
ission took pla
dees). The atten
ldwide; Dr. Pe
. Moslehuddin
nson, and Mr. B
ing the Secreta
ary Mr. Golam
roughout this rep
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
a, is exposed to
rought. These
y losses. Furth
mpacts from t
an Developme
isk finance (DR
ss for disaster
desh, (ii) fundi
dge‐sharing w
nvolves five p
a from natural
ngladesh
re to be shared
ns, and worksh
s the proposed
ember 8, 2014
ace in Dhaka,
ndees include
eeranan Towas
n Ahmed and
Bruno Carrasc
ary of the Min
m Mustafa, Mr
port; this term ge
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
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o a multitude
hazards often
hermore, cities
these hazards
ent Bank (ADB
RF) in Banglad
relief and
ing gap analys
workshops on
rimary tasks:
l catastrophes
d and discusse
hops. This Dra
d scope of wor
(see Appendi
Bangladesh on
d Dr. Akshay
shiraporn, Mr
Dr. Simon Yo
co from the A
nistry of Disast
r. Abdu Wazed
enerally refers to
er Risk A-8144)
19 051215
of
n
s,
that
B)
desh.
sis for
ed
aft
rk
x for
n
r.
oung
ADB;
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d,
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Director G
Director o
presented
anticipated
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1.1 Lim
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them with
implemen
understan
The scope
and any re
herein are
opinion, en
and data a
accordanc
General of Dep
f TA‐8144. Du
to the stakeho
d completion o
nization of the
ection 1 introd
ection 2 summ
ection 3 gives
ection 4 presen
000 to 2913;
ection 5 outlin
ection 6 outlin
ection 7 descri
ection 8 descri
n Bangladesh;
ection 9 discus
ection 10 lists
ection 11 has a
mitations
summarized
h the process o
ntation of mark
nding of the lim
of services pe
e‐use of (or fai
at the sole ris
ngineering ex
available in the
e with current
partment of Di
uring the interi
olders. The ov
of the study ar
report is as fo
duces the proje
marizes the pro
a detail outlin
nts an assessm
nes probabilist
nes the tropica
ibes and summ
ibes the institu
sses disaster ri
select referenc
an Appendix w
in this report
of understandi
ket‐ready DRF
mitations of bo
erformed durin
ilure to use) th
k of the user. O
perience and j
e literature an
t standards of
isaster Manage
im mission, th
erall timeline
round the end
ollows:
ect and the lay
oject scope;
ne of the variou
ment of the eco
tic tropical risk
l cyclone and
marizes the fun
utional framew
isk financing o
ces;
with meeting m
is intended fo
ng the risk fro
F strategies. Pr
oth the scope a
ng this assessm
his report or th
Our conclusio
judgment, ana
d those provid
professional p
ement, Mr. Sa
he bulk of the t
for the study
d of March 201
yout of the rep
us hazards in
onomic impact
k modeling;
flood risk pro
nding gap ana
work for disas
options for Ba
minutes and li
r use by the G
om disasters in
roper applicati
and methodol
ment may not
he findings, co
ons and recom
alyses conduct
ded by ADB a
practice.
Final Repo
atya Brata Saha
technical work
is planned to b
15.
port;
Bangladesh;
t of major disa
ofile for Bangla
alysis for the y
ter risk manag
angladesh;
ist of attendee
Government of
n Bangladesh f
ion of this stud
ogy of the ent
adequately ad
onclusions, or
mmendations a
ted during the
and various loc
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
a Joint Secreta
k and interim
be about 13 m
asters in Bangl
adesh;
years 2000 to 2
gement and th
es of the Interi
f Bangladesh a
for possible de
dy requires re
tire study.
ddress the nee
recommendat
are based on ou
e course of the
cal agencies, a
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ary and Project
conclusions w
months, with th
ladesh for the
2013;
he financial ma
m Workshop.
and ADB to as
evelopment an
ecognition and
eds of other us
tions presente
ur professiona
e study, inform
and are derive
er Risk A-8144)
20 051215
t
was
he
years
arket
ssist
nd
d
sers,
d
al
mation
ed in
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The expec
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oject Sc
ted outputs of
Output 1: Catas
dentifies risks
hat are catastro
aturally occur
arthquake, and
rototype for q
nd developme
roject, as discu
he natural haz
sk profile will
Output 2: Quan
uantitative ris
xplore DRF so
ata and ancilla
d) quantificatio
xposure assets
Output 3: Fund
xpenditure ass
he perils of tro
he funding gap
wn responsibi
may exist to res
Output 4: Deve
nd internation
ffective use of
management in
nancing optio
sk financing n
he types of risk
o Bangladesh w
micro levels, all
ope and
f the project in
strophe risk p
across the con
ophic versus s
rring catastrop
d severe storm
quantitative pr
ent of conceptu
ussed in later s
ard for detaile
l also be devel
ntitative risk a
k assessment,
olutions based
ary, (b) collect
on of the haza
s, and (f) devel
ding gap analy
sociated with
opical cyclone,
p analysis will
ilities after a d
spond to such
elopment of d
nal financial an
each DRF opt
n Bangladesh a
ns are discuss
needs, and the
k financing too
will be presen
l relevant to m
d Outline
nclude:
profiling of Ba
ntinuum of dis
slowly on‐setti
phic‐type peril
m. The output
robabilistic risk
ual disaster ris
sections of thi
ed assessment
loped for flood
assessment ‐ U
this analysis w
on its results.
tion of exposu
ard using a sto
lopment of a n
ysis ‐ This out
disasters. Base
flood, earthqu
l consider the
disaster event t
disasters.
disaster risk fi
nd insurance in
tion under con
and the curren
sed for Bangla
status of natio
ols available to
ted, demonstr
managing sove
e
angladesh ‐ A
saster events a
ing. The risk p
ls in Banglades
will inform th
k assessment (
sk financing so
s report, the p
within this stu
d based on inf
Using the peri
will quantify t
This output w
re data, (c) dev
ochastic catalog
national risk p
tput will invol
ed on the anal
uake, and seve
time dimensio
to arrive at an
inance solutio
nstitutions an
nsideration. Th
nt Bangladesh
desh in the co
onal risk finan
o developing w
rating the imp
ereign exposur
Final Repo
A qualitative ri
affecting Bangl
profile will inv
sh, in particul
he selection of
(Output 2), fun
olutions (Outp
peril of tropica
tudy. A simpli
formation from
il of tropical cy
the economic r
will involve (a
velopment of
g, (e) characte
profile.
lve collection o
lyses of the his
ere storm dur
on and stated
overall assess
ons ‐ This outp
nd regulatory f
he institutiona
financial mar
ontext of the ri
ncing mechani
world soverei
plementation o
re to catastrop
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
isk profile will
ladesh and (b)
volve an assess
lar tropical cyc
major perils t
nding gap ana
put 4). At this
al cyclones has
ified country‐w
m the historica
yclones as an e
risk due to na
a) collection of
an industry e
erization of the
of data on nat
storical record
ing the period
intention of th
sment of the fu
put will involv
framework to
al framework f
rket will be an
isk assessment
isms. In additi
igns, case stud
of tools at the m
phe risk. Based
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
l be created th
) identities risk
sment of majo
clone, flood,
o be used as a
alysis (Output
stage of the
s been selected
wide quantita
al record.
example for
atural hazards
historical haz
xposure datab
e vulnerability
ional revenue
d, in particular
d from 2000 to
he governmen
unding gap th
ve research on
understand
for disaster ris
alyzed. Risk
t, identification
ion to describi
dies with relev
macro, meso a
d on the
er Risk A-8144)
21 051215
hat (a)
ks
or
a
t 3),
d as
tive
and
zard
base,
y of
and
r for
2013,
nt s
hat
n local
sk
n of
ing
vance
and
in
an
pe
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re
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to
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w
m
nternational co
n option for di
enetration in B
oundations for
esults of the di
Output 5: Know
o present proje
isaster risk fin
well as meeting
markets.
ontext and pre
irect sovereign
Bangladesh as
r specific impl
isaster risk pro
wledge sharin
ect progress an
nance, which s
gs to discuss p
ecedent, specif
n risk transfer
s a vehicle to d
ementable dis
ofiles, will be p
ng ‐ Several wo
nd results. At
pecifically add
potential publi
fic options are
and (b) an op
develop risk fin
saster risk fina
proposed.
orkshops will
the conclusion
dresses needs
c‐private links
Final Repo
then identifie
ption utilizing
nancing for th
ancing solution
be conducted
n of the projec
and potential
s with internat
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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ed for Banglad
the extensive
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ns, which will
d throughout t
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tional reinsure
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desh, including
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e population. T
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the project tim
ry workshop o
ll be conducte
ers and capita
er Risk A-8144)
22 051215
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e
The
meline
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Banglades
population
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earthquak
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do the cor
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financing s
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kes, severe stor
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solutions, a pr
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gladesh. Flood
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d and tropical c
fect on Bangla
ively low, the
eral perils occu
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major perils id
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n Bangla
e most at‐risk
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reliminary qua
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the reported n
cyclone. Sever
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ur in Banglade
ons for DRF in
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not considerab
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didates for ass
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countries in th
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atural hazards
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ils affecting Ba
cyclones have
more people (a
wn to have a h
he majority of
ent, are typical
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estruction is ve
ly suitable for
ally occurring,
eling. Some pe
affect the popu
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whole.
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DRF solutions
assessment of f
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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s, mainly due t
e monsoon and
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e generally gro
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ity and impact
and viability o
angladesh was
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as indicated by
higher intensity
f reported econ
lly local event
earthquakes i
ery high.
disaster risk f
catastrophic r
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ulation, do no
as landslide, a
earthquake, an
s in Banglades
financial and s
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
to its high
d tropical cycl
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ouped into
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t of the variou
of disaster risk
s carried out i
to most advers
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y of populatio
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ts and have a
in Bangladesh
financing (DRF
rather than slo
arsenic
t generally lea
are typically lo
nd severe storm
sh. This section
societal impac
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23 051215
lone
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us
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sely
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on
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h has
F).
owly
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ocal
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n
cts of
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Banglades
Bay of Ben
tropical cy
of at least
within Ban
May, June
The impac
winds, tor
bathymetr
are typical
coastline f
storm surg
storm surg
2 Does not in3 Includes co
transport/
(403,188 r
Tropic
Ear
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Extreme
D
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Arsenic C
River B
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Clima
Table
Trop
Sev
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sh is situated w
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yclones with at
34 knots) occu
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ct of tropical cy
rrential rain, fl
ry, and cyclon
lly associated
from Patuakha
ge heights of a
ge heights of a
nclude 500 millio
ollapse, drought,/industrial/misce
reported killed an
Table
Peril
cal Cyclone
Flood
rthquake
ere Storm
Temperature
Drought
Fire
ng Collapse
andslide
Contamination
Bank Erosion
ter Intrusion
ate Change
2. General Ha
Peril
Flood
ical Cyclone
vere Storm
arthquake
Other3
clone
within the acti
n. The historica
t least tropical
ur in the Bay o
ders. Tropical c
d November.
yclones in Ban
looding, storm
e characteristi
with severe st
ali to Chittagon
about 13 meter
about 5 meters
on USD damage r, extreme temper
ellaneous accidennd 3,042,429 repo
e 1. List of Ma
Type
Catastrophi
Catastrophi
Catastrophi
Catastrophi
Catastrophi
Catastrophi
Catastrophi
Catastrophi
Catastrophi
Slowly On-Set
Slowly On-Set
Slowly On-Set
Slowly On-Set
azard Conseq
People Killed(Percent Total)
7%
89%
1%
<1%
2%
ve North Indi
al record (e.g.,
l storm streng
of Bengal sub‐b
cyclone activit
ngladesh can l
m surge, and la
ics (e.g., refer D
torm surge. Hi
ng are most vu
rs, while other
s. Figure 1 illu
reported for the rature, significannts. Does not incorted affected)
ajor Hazards i
Potentia
ic H
ic H
ic H
ic Mo
ic L
ic H
ic L
ic L
ic L
tting N
tting N
tting N
tting N
quence in Ba
People Affe(Percent T
75%
18%
1%
<1%
6%
an Ocean trop
IBTrACS, 201
th (e.g., storm
basin every ye
ty in Banglade
lead to many h
andslides. Prim
Dube et al., 19
istorical record
ulnerable for s
r coastline area
strates the gen
2004 Indian Ocent fire disasters, lalude the 1943 Be
Final Repo
in Banglades
al Severity R
High
High
High
derate
Low
High
Local
Local
Local
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
angladesh (So
ected Total)
Estim(Pe
pical cyclone b
14) indicates th
ms with maxim
ear, with abou
esh is typically
hazards, inclu
marily due to i
997 and Khan,
ds (e.g., SAAR
storm surges,
as are also vul
neral tropical c
ean Earthquake aandslides, comp
engal Famine (1,9
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
sh
Relative Freque
High
High
Low
High
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Low
Low
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
ource: EMDA
mated Damage ercent Total)
68%
27%
5%
-2
-
basin, and mor
hat an average
mum 10‐minute
ut one per year
y higher durin
ding but not l
its low‐lying d
1991), cyclone
RC, 1998) have
having maxim
lnerable with
cyclone risk in
and Tsunami lex disasters, and900,000 reported
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
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AT)
re locally with
e of about five
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limited to high
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d significant killed) or epidem
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24 051215
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the
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ported
mics
According
world sinc
tropical cy
Cyclone w
(1991 USD
significant
loss was le
Banglades
This sectio
cyclones. I
summariz
the social a
and econo
Banglades
g to the Interna
ce 1900 occurr
yclone ever rec
was also one th
D) in economic
t economic im
ess than 5,000
sh (e.g., disaste
on provides an
In addition, a
ed and discus
and economic
omic losses. A
sh are also disc
Figure 1
ational Disaste
ed in Banglad
corded, with s
he most devast
c impact and o
pact, estimate
people, illustr
er shelters, ear
n overview an
consequence d
ssed in this sec
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selection of no
cussed in furth
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some estimates
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over 138,000 de
ed at about 1.7
rating the succ
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EMDAT, 2014)
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7 to 3.8 billion
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Final Repo
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ase is a collecti
number of fat
yclone events
ngladesh (So
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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deadliest tropic
e is considered
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an estimated
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n economic im
in disaster ma
ions).
hazard data fo
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RSO)
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25 051215
n the
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adesh
on
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acted
3.1.1 H
The Intern
the histori
endorsed I
Specificall
4, 2013. Al
data from
data and p
contained
more agen
tropical sto
reporting
priority ra
Ta
Priority
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Figure 2 preported p1970s, mos
either clasknots, or “to 1970 are
4 The termin
the Atlant
Historical T
national Best T
ical tropical cy
IBTrACS as an
ly, the data is e
ll storms that e
1877 to 2012.
preliminary re
in IBTrACS fo
ncy may repor
orm activity fo
agency. The se
anking listed in
able 3. Histor
y
Global TroIn
Global TroIn
Global Conso
Joint
Joint
Chi
rovides a sumpeak maximum
st of the reporsified as “Trop“Hurricane” we not known. I
nology used for trtic‐based termino
Tropical Cy
Tracks Archive
yclone databas
n official archi
extracted from
entered the Ba
For the 2013 s
ports from the
or this region i
rt data for the s
or the region,
election proce
n Table 3.
rical Tropical
Reporting Agenc
opical Cyclone "Besntensity Data “UCA(North Indian Oce
opical Cyclone "Besntensity Data “UCA
(Western Pacific
olidated Tropical C
Typhoon Analogs (
Typhoon Warning (Indian Ocean
Typhoon Warning (Western Pacific
RSMC New Del
na Meteorological AShanghai Typhoo
RSMC Tokyo,
Hong Kong Obs
JTWC Best Tra
IMD Preliminary
Bay of Bengal S
mmary of the dm sustained wrted storm intepical Depressiwith winds 64 kIn recent years
ropical cyclone iology is typically
yclone Info
e for Climate S
se for Banglad
iving and distr
m Version v03r
ay of Bengal su
eason, data fro
e IMD (India M
is derived from
same storm. In
a single set of
ss was based o
Cyclone Data
cy Source
st Track" Position aAR ds824.1” ean Basin)
st Track" Position aAR ds824.1” c Basin)
yclone Data (DSI-9
(DSI-9635)
Center “JTWC” Basin)
Center “JTWC” c Basin)
hi, India
Administration on Institute
Japan
servatory
ck Data
Reports
Sub-Basin Total
data quality of winds of each inensities were gion” with wind
knots or greats, storm monit
ntensity classificy used.
ormation
Stewardship (I
esh. The Worl
ribution resou
r05 of the “IBT
ub‐basin are in
om the JTWC
Meteorologica
m several agen
n order to pro
storm data fo
on data availa
abase Summ
Abbrevi
and UCAR ds
and UCAR ds
9636) DSI-96
DSI-96
JTW
JTW
IMD
CMA
JMA
HKO
JTW
IMD
the historical ndividual storgiven default vds less than 34er)4. Thus, thetoring in the re
cation is different
Final Repo
IBTrACS) proj
ld Meteorolog
urce for tropica
TrACS‐All”, w
ncluded in the
(Joint Typhoo
al Department
ncies outlined
ovide a single a
or each given s
ability and qua
ary for the Ba
iation Year Start
s824.1 1877
s824.1 1877
636 1877
635 1952
WC 1945
WC 1945
D 1990
A 1951
A 1952
O 1961
WC 2013
D 2013
1877
tropical cyclorm by year andvalues based o4 knots, “Trope actual storm egion has imp
t for the differen
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ject was select
gical Organiza
al cyclone best
which was rele
e database. Th
on Warning Ce
t) were used. T
d in Table 3. No
and homogeni
storm was extr
ality, and gene
ay of Bengal
Year End
Numbof stor
in IBTrA
1980 1,15
1980 25
1989 1,25
1975 21
2012 536
2012 54
2012 144
2006 51
2006 48
2006 48
2013 0
2013 0
2013 N/A
one database. Td reporting agon qualitative pical Storm” wintensities forproved, resulti
nt regions of the w
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
ted as the basi
tion (WMO) h
t track data.
ased on Nove
his dataset inclu
enter) best tra
The storm data
ote that one or
ized view of
racted from on
erally follows
Sub-Basin
ber rms
ACS
Number ostorms in
final database
52 1,152
22
50 97
0
6 89
19
4 67
0
0
0
6
3
A 1,455
The Figure plogency. Prior todescriptions (
with winds 34 tr most storms ing in better d
world. In this rep
er Risk A-8144)
26 051215
s of
has
ember
udes
ack
a
r
ne
the
of n
e
ots the o the (e.g., to 63 prior
data.
port,
Figure
Figure 3 psub‐basin peak reporpeak categBased on tstorm” strone “tropiconsistent Note that tcontributin
sustained is on the oactivity by
ki
e 2. Summary
Represen
lots the reportand a zoomed
rted sustainedgory reached dthe data indicaength tropicalical storm” strwith other estthese metrics ng agencies ofwind speeds. order of 10%‐15y year and mon
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1870
Peak
Maxim
um
Sustained
Winds (knots)
N/A
y of the Data Q
nts Summary
ted storm tracd‐in area around wind speed, during the durated in Table 5l cyclones (e.gength tropicaltimates foundare derived frf IBTrACS useThe relative d5% (e.g., refer nth are shown
0 1890
JTWCUCAR dsIMDDSI‐963
Quality of the
Storm Inform
ks from the hind Bangladeshis shown in Tration of the tr5, the entire Ba., reported peal cyclone enterd in the literatuom the reporte different averdifference in noHarper et al.,
n in Figure 4 a
1910 1
s824.1
6
e Tropical Cyc
mation of Eac
istorical tropich. The number
able 4 and Tabropical cycloneay of Bengal suak sustained wrs Bangladeshure (e.g., Ali, 1ed wind speedraging periodormalized sus 2009). Plots ilnd Figure 5.
930 1950
Year
Final Repo
clone Historic
ch Given Stor
cal cyclone datr of storms in ble 5. The store (not necessaub‐basin expewind speeds 3h borders, on a1999; Islam & Pd as given by s that include stained winds llustrating the
0 1970
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
cal Database
rm in the Data
taset for the enthe catalog, asrm category coarily the categoeriences about 34 knots or greaverage per yePeterson, 2009IBTrACS. The1‐, 3‐, and 10‐between these
e frequency of
1990 2
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
e – Each Mark
abase
ntire Bay of Bes classified byorresponds to ory at landfallfive “tropical
eater), and aboear. This is 9; SAARC, 199e various ‐min averagese averaging petropical storm
010
er Risk A-8144)
27 051215
ker
engal the the ). out
98).
s of eriods m
Table 4
Tro
Trop
Tr
Table 5. A
S
Tropic
Hurr
Figure 3. Sto
4. Number of
opical Cyclone Strength
N/A
pical Depression
ropical Storm
Hurricane
Total
Average Year
Storm Type
Any Storm
al Storm Strengtor Stronger
ricane Strength or Stronger
orm Tracks fr
f Reported Sto
PeaSustained W
No
rly Number of
PeSustained
th
rom Tropical
orms from th
Benga
k Reported Wind Speed (kno
t Reported
< 34
34 – 63
≥ 64
Any
f Reported St
the Bay of B
eak Reported d Wind Speed (k
Any
≥ 34
≥ 64
Cyclone Hist
e Historical T
al (1877 – 201
ots) Numberin Bay
1
torms from th
Bengal (1877
knots)
AverNumbin Ba
Final Repo
torical Databa
Tropical Cycl
3)
r of Storms of Bengal
85
729
406
235
1,455
he Historical
– 2013)
rage Yearly ber of Storms ay of Bengal
10.6
4.7
1.7
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ase by Peak I
one Database
Number oEntering Bangl
1
8
7
54
21
Tropical Cyc
AveraNumber
Entering Ban
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
Intensity
e for the Bay
of Storms adesh Borders
1
5
2
4
12
clone Databas
ge Yearly r of Storms gladesh Border
1.5
0.9
0.4
er Risk A-8144)
28 051215
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Figure 4
Figure 5.
3.1.2 T
Disaster co
from majo
sources, bo
inventory
4. Yearly Stor
Monthly Sto
Tropical Cy
onsequence da
or historical tro
oth local and i
of reported tr
Number o
f Storm
s Per Y
ear w
ith
Reported
Peak
Sustained
Wind
Speeds
of34knotsorGreater
Average
Number o
f Storm
s Per Y
ear
with
Reported
Peak
Sustained
Wind
Speeds o
f 34
knots
or G
reater
m Frequency
rm Frequenc
yclone Con
atabases for tr
opical cyclone
international.
opical cyclone
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1870 1
of 3
4 knots
or G
reater
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
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p
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En
y Derived from
y Derived fro
nsequence
ropical cyclone
events occurr
This data was
e (including tr
1890 1910
Occurring in BaEntering Bangl10 Year Movin
ccurring in Bay
tering Banglad
m the Tropica
om the Tropic
e
es in Banglade
ring in Bangla
s assembled in
ropical storm a
1930 195Year
ay of Bengaladesh
g Average
of Bengal
desh
Final Repo
al Cyclone His
cal Cyclone H
esh are limited
adesh has been
nto a database
and tropical de
50 1970
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
storical Data
Historical Data
d. As such, con
n collected from
and represent
epression) eve
1990 2010
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
base (1877-2
abase (1877-2
nsequence dat
m a large vari
ts a comprehe
ents which hav
0
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29 051215
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ta
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1. A
R
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3. B
A
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nificant reporte
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ALI: Ali, A. (19esearch, Vol 1ANGLAPEDI
ILHAM: BilhaAmer. 84(5), 16MD: Data fromDCMU: Data frDMIC: Data anSituation RepoDUBE: Dube, Say of Bengal aMDAT: The Epidemiology oGLIDE: The GLeduction CentGOB: Data andNeeds Assessmhe “In‐depth RFRC: Data andKHAN: Khan, Surge Modellin
MDMR: Data fMUNICHRE: DNPDM: GovernManagement 20RAMANIK: PRELIEFWEB: Tnd non‐governeports, press remergencies wo
RSOE: Hungar
mergency andAARC: South SMRC) (1998) heir InfluenceWIKIPEDIA: R
ed impact on p
sources, includ
999) “Climate c2: 109‐116 IA: The nationam, R. (1994) “50‐1657 m the Bangladrom the Disastnd reports fromorts” S. K., Rao, A. Dand Arabian SeEmergency Evof Disasters (CLobal IDEntifiter (ADRC) d reports from ment For DisasRecovery Need
d reports fromS.R. (1991) “Cyng, Chittagongfrom the BangDisaster impac
nment of the P010‐2015” DisaPramanik, M.A
The online infonmental organeleases, appeaorldwide rian National Ad Disaster InfoAsian Associa“The Impact oe in the RegionReports and in
population an
ding:
change impact
nal encycloped“The 1737 Calc
desh Meteorol
ter Coordinatim the Disaster
D., Sinha, P. C.ea: The probleents DatabaseCRED) er (GLIDE) nu
the Governmter Recovery ads Assessment
the Internatioyclone Hazard
g Port Authorigladesh Minist
ct data from MPeople’s Repubaster Managem
A.H. (1994) Mormation reponizations, goveals, policy docu
Association oformation Serviation for Regioof Tropical Cyn”, SMRC No. nformation coll
d assets in Ban
ts and adaptat
dia of Bangladcutta Earthqua
ogical Departmion and Monit
r Management
., Murty, T. S.,em and its pree (EMDAT), m
umber databas
ment of Bangladand Reconstrut of Cyclone Aonal Federatiod in Bangladesty Report, revtry of DisasterMunichRe blic of Bangladment Bureau,
May Cyclone ofsitory “ReliefWernments, reseuments, analy
Radio Distresice (EDIS) onal Cooperatclones on the 1 lected from W
Final Repo
ngladesh. Dat
tion assessmen
desh ake and Cyclo
ment toring Unit of t Information C
, and Bahulayadiction,” Mau
maintained by t
se, maintained
desh, includinuction” for 200Aila Affected Aon of Red Crossh,” in Backgrvised by Dame
r Management
desh (2010) “NDisaster Mana
f BangladeshWeb,” which search institutioysis and maps
ss‐Signalling a
tion (SAARC) Coastal Regio
Wikipedia
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ta was collecte
nt in Banglade
one Evaluated
Bangladesh Centre of Ban
an, N. (1997) “usam 48, 283–3the Centre for
d by the Asian
ng the report “07 Cyclone SidAreas” ss and Red Creround informa
en, M. t and Relief
National Plan agement & Re Seisan‐Kenkyscans websites
ons and the mrelated to hum
and Infocomm
Meteorologic
ons of SAARC
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
ed and process
esh” Climate
d,” Bull. Seism.
ngladesh, inclu
“Storm surge i304 Research on t
n Disaster
“Damage, Lossdr and data fro
escent Societieation on the St
for Disaster elief Divisionyu, Vol 46, No
s of internationmedia for news
manitarian
munications (R
cal Research CCountries and
er Risk A-8144)
30 051215
sed
. Soc.
uding
in the
the
s and om
es torm
o 10 nal s,
RSOE)
Centre d
Table 6 prcontains incorrespond
historical ddwellings listed. For sectors), thvalues aretropical cyexample, i
Overall, av1.23 millio
and non‐trcostliest trreported ewhich sughave each and 1991. consequen
lost.
IBTrACS ID Year Day
Star
N/A 1582 N/AN/A 1699 N/AN/A 1737 N/AN/A 1767 N/AN/A 1789 334
N/A 1822 151
N/A 1831 303
N/A 1870 273
N/A 1872 273
N/A 1876 299
1897294N14096 1897 294
1898125N13095 1898 125
1904326N13089 1904 326
1909288N14094 1909 288
1911105N14087 1911 105
1912302N08089 1912 302
1913286N18086 1913 286
1917121N10084 1917 121
1917297N11093 1917 297
1919266N15089 1919 266
1923122N14085 1923 122
1926139N09085 1926 139
1941142N13095 1941 142
1942287N17090 1942 287
1947288N21090 1947 288
1948137N15093 1948 137
1955295N16086 1955 295
1958136N16088 1958 136
1958295N19090 1958 295
1959191N21090 1959 191
1960148N20089 1960 148
1960273N13117 1960 282
1960302N08090 1960 302
1961125N11096 1961 125
1961147N15095 1961 147
1962299N10094 1962 299
esents the evenformation fording IBTrACSdatabase prevdestroyed, dwlife loss (deathe minimum a not trended ayclone consequit is noted that
vailable reporton lives lost, 61rending of valropical cycloneeconomic impa
ggests a larger been reportedThe 1970 evenntly one of the
Table 6.
y rt
IBTrACS Storm Name
Dwellings Damaged
A N/A A N/A A N/A A N/A 4 N/A 1 N/A 3 N/A 3 N/A 3 N/A 9 N/A 4 NOT NAMED 5 NOT NAMED 6 NOT NAMED 8 NOT NAMED 5 NOT NAMED 2 NOT NAMED 6 NOT NAMED 1 NOT NAMED 7 NOT NAMED 6 NOT NAMED 2 NOT NAMED 9 NOT NAMED 2 NOT NAMED 7 NOT NAMED 8 15B 7 03B 5 10B 6 02B 5 08B 1 08B 8 01B 2 10B 62,725 B
2 09B 5 04B:WINNIE 7 05B 9 10B
ent‐by‐event sur 93 tropical cyS ID which canviously discusswellings dama
ths plus missin
and maximum
and corresponuence records,t many landfal
ts indicate tha1.6 million peolues mentioned
es on record aracts of 3.78 anrelative finand to cause 100,nt is the event world’s dead
. Consequenc
Source Dwellings Destroyed
8,000
BANGLAPEDIA 568,161 BAN
ummary of theyclone events n be joined wit
sed. Table 7 praged, people ang people) andm values as repd to year‐of es, and many knlling storms d
at tropical cyclople affected, d earlier, the are TC Sidr in 2d 3.00 billion Ucial impact for,000 or more liwith the high
dliest natural h
ce Database o
Source People Affected
25,000 SAARC
100,000 NGLAPEDIA
e consequencespanning fromth the storm presents a decadffected, and ind economic losported by the dstimates. In genown events ao not have rep
lone events in and 4.7 to 9.0 bactual historica2007 and the 1USD, respectivr the older 199ives lost: evenest reported hhazard event in
of Tropical Cy
Source Injuries Sou
SAARC
12 SAA
SAARC
Final Repo
e database of tm 1582 to 2013parameters derdal summary njuries, typicalss (generally tdifferent sourceneral, there arare missing conported conseq
Bangladesh sibillion USD inal impact is ex1991 Bangladevely. Note tha91 event. At lents in 1582, 187human life tolln history) with
yclone Event
urce Life Loss Min
Source
200,000 SAARC
50,000 SAARC
30,000 SAARC
20,000 MUNICHR
40,000 DCMU
215,000 MUNICHR
270 KHAN
100,000 DCMU
14,000 BANGLAPED
175,000 DCMU
143 BANGLAPED
172 SAARC
120,000 KHAN
40,000 ALI 500 BANGLAPED
70,000 KHAN
432 BANGLAPED
3,500 SAARC
606 KHAN
5,000 SAARC
61,000 EMDAT
500 SAARC
1,200 BANGLAPED
1,700 MUNICHR
ARC 870 BANGLAPED
500 SAARC
14,000 MUNICHR
106 KHAN
3,000 EMDAT
5,149 SAARC
11,466 DUBE
10,466 KHAN
1,000 BANGLAPED
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
tropical cyclon3. Most of the erived from theof the conseqully the largest the financial imces are listed. Nre several datansequence infoquence data.
ince 1900 haven damages. Duxpected to be mesh cyclone, wi
at these numbe
east 8 tropical 70, 1876, 1897, l in Bangladeshh estimates of
ts in Banglad
Life Loss Max
Source
300,000 BILHAM
RE 50,000 SAARC 22,000 SAARC
RE
400,000 KHAN DIA 175,000 KHAN
DIA
698 BANGLAPEDIA
DIA
DIA
40,000 KHAN
2,700 SAARC 7,000 KHAN
DIA
RE DIA
12,000 KHAN RE
11,446 KHAN 10,000 MUNICHRE 11,468 DCMU
DIA 50,000 KHAN
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
ne events. Theevents have a e tropical cyclouence databasreported valumpact for all Note that the a gaps in availormation. For
e resulted in 0ue to the data more severe. Tith maximum ers are untrencyclone event1898, 1911, 19h (and up to 500,000
desh
Econ Loss Min (M USD)
Source Lo
(M
A
63 MUNICHRE
er Risk A-8144)
31 051215
e table
one se. For ue is
lable
0.75 to gaps The
nded, s 970,
lives
Econ oss Min
M USD)Source
IBTrACS ID Year Day
Star
1963144N09090 1963 144
1963291N09092 1963 291
1964278N21091 1964 278
1965129N14085 1965 129
1965146N15089 1965 146
1965340N05092 1965 340
1966270N10090 1966 270
1966341N08088 1966 341
1967293N09090 1967 293
1969282N18087 1969 282
1970122N10089 1970 122
1970291N14085 1970 291
1970312N12086 1970 312
1971271N20089 1971 271
1973339N07088 1973 339
1974225N22089 1974 225
1974327N11088 1974 327
1975125N13096 1975 125
1975155N16087 1975 155
1977129N08084 1977 129
1981321N12092 1981 321
1981339N11089 1981 339
1983282N09155 1983 282
1983309N10091 1983 309
1985143N16088 1985 143
1985288N19089 1985 288
1986313N22089 1986 313
1987150N13095 1987 150
1988291N15095 1988 291
1988327N06100 1988 327
1989143N17090 1989 143
1990280N18091 1990 280
1990348N04087 1990 348
1991113N10091 1991 113
1991150N14091 1991 150
1994117N07096 1994 117
1995323N05097 1995 323
1996122N08092 1996 122
1996296N09093 1996 296
1997133N03092 1997 133
1997263N14084 1997 263
1998133N04086 1998 133
1998320N10102 1998 320
2000300N14093 2000 300
2002314N12083 2002 314
2003206N21089 2003 206
2004136N15090 2004 136
2006264N23087 2006 264
2007133N15091 2007 133
2007314N10093 2007 314
2008168N21090 2008 168
2008298N16085 2008 298
2009104N13088 2009 104
2009143N17089 2009 143
2010280N18085 2010 280
2012285N21091 2012 285
N/A 2013 135
Due to the
issued by
events. Ta
cyclones th
Bijli, 2009
and Bargu
significant
presented
y rt
IBTrACS Storm Name
Dwellings Damaged
4 03B 1 10B 8 11B 9 01B 6 02B 0 12B 35,636 0 08B 249,000 1 17B 3 12B 2 10B 2 03B 1 12B 2 15B 400,000 B
1 11B 9 14B 5 06B 7 12B 5 03B 5 05B 9 01B 1 NOT NAMED 9 NOT NAMED 2 KIM 9 NOT NAMED 3 NOT NAMED 34,611 8 NOT NAMED 3 NOT NAMED 3,446 0 NOT NAMED 1 NOT NAMED 7 NOT NAMED 863,837 3 NOT NAMED 20,008 0 NOT NAMED 8 NOT NAMED 63,562 3 NOT NAMED 882,750 0 NOT NAMED 20,274 7 NOT NAMED 62,677 3 NOT NAMED 44,664 2 NOT NAMED 15,976 6 NOT NAMED 30,000 3 NOT NAMED 452,886 3 NOT NAMED 163,352 3 NOT NAMED 9,945 0 NOT NAMED 0 NOT NAMED 3,000 4 NOT NAMED 1,000 6 NOT NAMED 67,727 6 NOT NAMED 18,438 4 NOT NAMED 3 AKASH 845 4 SIDR 957,110 8 NOT NAMED 8 RASHMI 12,404 4 BIJLI 5,991 3 AILA 369,702 0 NOT NAMED 5 NOT NAMED 16,330 5 MAHASEN 114,396
e availability o
the DMIC/DM
ble 8 and Figu
hat have affec
TC Aila, 2012
una have been
t reported imp
in the next se
Source Dwellings Destroyed
376,332 BAN
SAARC SAARC 60,000
BANGLAPEDIA
2,300
2,000 SAARC 90,915
MDMR 1,116
MDMR 788,715 MDMR 12,173
MDMR 75,085 MDMR 819,608 MDMR 34,791 SAARC 45,000 MDMR 22,395 MDMR 15,868 SAARC MDMR 290,320 MDMR 51,435
RELIEFWEB 3,178 R
BMD BMD MDMR 4,980 MDMR 19,535
IFRC 205 GOB 564,967
DMIC 4,360 DMIC 1,460 DMIC 242,882
DMIC 8,050 DMIC 21,736
of more detaile
MB, a more det
ure 6 and Figu
ted Banglades
TC BOB 01, an
most impacte
pact. More det
ction.
Source People Affected
NGLAPEDIA
60,000 E
SAARC 1,500,000
40,000 4,700,000
SAARC
2,000,000 E
5,000 E
SAARC SAARC 1,810,000 E
MDMR 238,600
MDMR 10,568,860 E
MDMR 346,087 13,870 E
MDMR 1,015,866 SAARC 15,438,849 E
MDMR 121,229 SAARC 500,000 MDMR 305,953 MDMR 81,162
MDMR 3,784,916 MDMR 2,015,669 ELIEFWEB 650,000 RE
121,000 E
MDMR 312,817 MDMR 116,269
9,135 E
IFRC 80,000 GOB 8,923,259
DMIC 321,839 DMIC 92,558 DMIC 4,826,630
DMIC 133,688 DMIC 1,328,237
ed records in r
tailed account
ure 7 illustrate
sh over the las
nd 2013 TC M
ed, as expected
tails on these r
Source Injuries Sou
EMDAT SAARC
SAARC SAARC
50 SAA
EMDAT
EMDAT
EMDAT
MDMR
430 SAA
EMDAT MDMR EMDAT MDMR EMDAT 1,390,540 BM
MDMR SAARC 4,850 SAA
MDMR MDMR
MDMR 9,663 SAA
MDMR 2,396 BM
ELIEFWEB 504 RELIEF
EMDAT
MDMR MDMR EMDAT RSOE GOB 55,282 GO
DMIC DMIC 16 DM
DMIC 7,103 DM
DMIC 183 DM
DMIC 1,766 DM
recent years, p
t of tropical cy
e the reported
st decade, nam
Mahasen. In gen
d. However, in
recent cyclones
Final Repo
urce Life Loss Min
Source
11,520 DCMU
79 EMDAT
196 DUBE
17,279 BMD 12,000 KHAN
870 KHAN
500 MUNICHR
850 BMD 41 EMDAT
175 KHAN
18 KHAN
200 SAARC
200,000 BMD 11,000 BANGLAPED
101 DCMU
600 BANGLAPED
ARC 20 DCMU
5 DCMU
0 SAARC
13 EMDAT
1,000 EMDAT
2 DCMU
43 DCMU
0 SAARC
4,264 SAARC
71 EMDAT
12 MDMR
12 EMDAT
ARC 31 EMDAT
1,000 EMDAT
573 MDMR
150 KHAN
132 MDMR
MD 138,866 EMDAT
76 MDMR
ARC 134 MDMR
91 MDMR
545 MDMR
9 SAARC
ARC 111 EMDAT
MD 67 SAARC
FWEB 14 BMD 40 RELIEFWE
3 BMD 2 BMD
11 MDMR
89 MDMR
115 EMDAT
3 IFRC OB 3,406 GOB
31 WIKIPEDI
7 DMIC
MIC 5 DMIC
MIC 190 DMIC
17 WIKIPEDI
MIC 36 DMIC
MIC 17 DMIC
particularly tho
yclone consequ
consequence,
mely 2007 TC S
neral, coastal d
nland districts
s, as well as th
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
Life Loss Max
Source
22,000 SAARC
19,280 MUNICHRE
2,873 SAARC RE 850 SAARC
270 SAARC
300 EMDAT 500,000 SAARC
DIA
1,000 SAARC DIA 2,500 MUNICHRE
300 SAARC
50 SAARC
72 SAARC 1,043 KHAN 300 DCMU
15,000 EMDAT
50 SAARC
300 SAARC 11,708 KHAN
370 EMDAT
150,000 BANGLAPEDIA
300 SAARC 400 BANGLAPEDIA
650 BANGLAPEDIA
2,009 SAARC 155 SAARC 1,067 SAARC 114 BMD
EB 200 EMDAT 253 BMD 182 BMD
90 RSOE 4,407 GOB
A 13 DMIC 7 EMDAT
500 MUNICHRE A
108 DMIC
ose from the S
uence is availa
by District, fo
Sidr, 2008 TC R
districts such
s such as Gopa
he 1970 and 19
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
Econ Loss Min (M USD)
Source Lo
(M50 MUNICHRE
58 MUNICHRE
22 EMDAT
63.0 MUNICHRE
50 MUNICHRE
310 MUNICHRE
A 1,780 EMDAT
A 131 SAARC A
1,675 GOB
270 MUNICHRE
200 GOB
Situation Repo
able for recent
or six major tro
Rashmi, 2009 T
as Bhola, Bage
alganj also hav
991 cyclones, a
er Risk A-8144)
32 051215
Econ oss Min
M USD)Source
86.4 EMDAT
3,000 MUNICHRE
200 PRAMANIK
3,775 MUNICHRE
1,149 GOB
orts
opical
TC
erhat,
ve
are
Decade N
of
Pre‐1900s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Total
Ta
(2007
Table 7.
Number f Events
Dwel
Dama
12
2 6 2 ‐ 4 4
16 347 10 400 11 921 12 1,746 11 1,436 3 13093 4,982
able 8. Distric
7 TC Sidr, 2008
. Decadal Sum
llings aged
Dwellin
Destroy
8,000
,361 1,004,4,000 2,300,902 894,96,086 1,357,66,217 838,38,726 29,782,292 4,135,5
t-Wide Conse
8 TC Rashmi,
District
Bhola Bagerhat Barguna Noakhali Patuakhali Pirojpur Khulna Jhalokati Satkhira Barisal
Madaripur Shariatpur Narsingdi Gopalganj Jessore
Chandpur Faridpur Chittagong Munshiganj Cox's Bazar Lakshmipur Comilla
Narayanganj Narail
Kishoreganj Dhaka
Manikganj Rajbari
Maulvibazar Feni
mmary of the
ngs yed
People
Affected
0 25,000
493 1,660,00
0 4,740,00
19 14,968,5
680 24,048,5
89 14,682,5
86 1,461,92
567 61,586,4
equence Data
2009 TC Bijli,
People Affecte
2,009,692
1,718,824
1,648,845
1,465,698
1,395,721
1,319,829
1,082,246
827,671
776,916
653,260
595,000
423,023
306,538
257,354
223,608
175,579
154,540
114,413
102,322
86,705
82,672
70,527
57,998
35,024
18,140
15,180
4,200
3,775
755
156
Tropical Cyc
e d Injuries
0
12 00 00 50 47 430 14 1,407,953
07 62,401 25 1,802 93 1,472,648
a for Six Rece
2009 TC Aila,
ed Damaged/D
Househ
185,20
306,17
283,90
28,80
325,69
177,38
199,17
147,78
173,98
141,77
12,50
82,31
5,304
109,13
700
25,78
38,63
16,07
8,352
6,239
11,90
4,218
5,632
9,806
2,683
3,05
2,120
4,544
149
345
Final Repo
clone Conseq
Life Loss Min
844,270
315 234,432 606
67,700 17,070 74,697 211,957 7,008
3 140,235 3,862 142
8 1,602,294
ent Tropical C
, 2012 TC BOB
estroyed olds Liv
05
75
03
09
98
85
73
82
86
78
00
18
4
33
0
85
35
72
2
9
08
8
2
6
3
1
0
4
9
5
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
quence Datab
Life Loss Max
1,637,270
841 270,932 2,700
69,700 28,570 152,059 515,186 30,129 155,942 5,698 142
2,869,169
Cyclones in B
B 01, and 2013
ves Lost
101
814
1,310
65
692
913
75
47
80
108
41
18
3
35
3
6
19
121
8
54
12
‐14
1
‐6
‐1
2
‐
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
base
Econ LossMin
(M USD)
E
(
63 130 63
360 1,911 1,945 200
4,672
Bangladesh
3 TC Mahasen
er Risk A-8144)
33 051215
con LossMax
(M USD)
63 130 86 360 3,200 4,924 200 8,963
n)
Figu
(2007 T
ure 6. Numbe
C Sidr, 2008 T
er of Lives Lo
TC Rashmi, 2
st by District
2009 TC Bijli,
t from Six Rec
2009 TC Aila
Final Repo
cent Tropical
a, 2012 TC BO
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
l Cyclones in
OB 01, and 20
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
Bangladesh
013 TC Mahas
er Risk A-8144)
34 051215
sen)
Figure
(2007 T
e 7. Number o
C Sidr, 2008 T
of People Affe
TC Rashmi, 2
ected by Distr
2009 TC Bijli,
rict from Six R
2009 TC Aila
Final Repo
Recent Tropi
a, 2012 TC BO
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
cal Cyclones
OB 01, and 20
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
s in Banglade
013 TC Mahas
er Risk A-8144)
35 051215
esh
sen)
3.1.3 S
3.1.3.1
The 1970 B
Figure 8).
readings; d
Pakistan (n
cyclone m
than 64 kn
world’s de
Figure 9),
low‐lying
damaged/
Significant
The 1970 B
Bohla Cyclone
A moderate st
detailed repor
now Banglade
ade landfall o
not sustained w
eadliest catastr
primarily as a
islands of the
destroyed 400
Figure 8. S
and Recen
Bhola Cyc
e was a tropica
trength tropic
rted intensity i
esh). An area o
n the Banglad
winds). It rem
rophe in mode
a result of high
Ganges Delta
0,000 househol
Satellite Imag
nt Tropical
lone
al cyclone duri
al cyclone (pe
is not availabl
of low pressur
desh coast on N
ains the deadl
ern times. Up
h tide and stor
a (e.g., see Figu
lds.
ge and Meteo
(Sour
l Cyclone E
ing the 1970 N
ak strength of
e from IBTrAC
re formed with
November 12 w
liest tropical cy
to 500,000 peo
rm surge (reac
ure 10). The sto
orological His
rce: Wikipedia
Final Repo
Events
North Indian O
f SSHS Catego
CS), it caused
hin the Bay of
with hurrican
yclone ever re
ople lost their
ching up to 20
orm reportedly
story of the 19
a)
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
Ocean cyclone
ory 2 or 3 as re
catastrophic i
Bengal on No
ne force intensi
ecorded global
lives in the st
feet) that floo
y affected 4.7
970 Bhola Cy
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
season (e.g., s
eported by ship
mpacts in Eas
ovember 7 and
ity (i.e., greate
lly, and one of
orm (e.g., see
ded much of t
million people
yclone
er Risk A-8144)
36 051215
see
p
st
d the
er
f the
the
e and
Figure
F
e 10. Storm Su
Figure 9. Mor
(S
urge Values (i
rtality Rate by
Source: Som
n Feet) for the
y Union for th
mer and Mos
e 1970 Bhola C
Final Repo
he 1970 Bhola
sley, 1972)
Cyclone (Sour
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
a Cyclone
rce: Frank and
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
d Husain, 197
er Risk A-8144)
37 051215
1)
3.1.3.2
The 1991 B
Gorky) wa
powerful c
An area of
knots sust
made land
record, wi
significant
affected ov
(1991 USD
F
The 1991 B
Bangladesh cy
as a tropical cy
cyclone (peak
f low pressure
ained winds)
dfall on the Ba
ith estimates a
t factor with w
ver 15.4 millio
D) in damage.
Figure 11. Sa
Banglades
yclone (JTWC d
yclone during
strength of SS
e formed withi
on April 29, an
ngladesh coas
as high as 150,0
wave heights u
on people, dam
tellite Image
sh Cyclone
designation: 0
the 1991 Nort
SHS Category
in the Bay of B
nd slightly do
st later that da
000 lives lost.
up to 20 feet re
maged/destroy
and Meteoro
(Sour
e
02B, also know
th Indian Ocea
5), it caused c
Bengal on Apr
owngraded in
ay. The storm i
As with the 19
eported inland
yed over 1.7 m
logical Histor
rce: Wikipedia
Final Repo
wn as Super Cy
an cyclone sea
catastrophic da
ril 22. The stor
strength (135
is one of the d
970 Bhola Cyc
d over a wide a
million househo
ry of the 1991
a)
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
yclonic Storm
ason (e.g., see F
amage and de
m reached a p
knots sustaine
deadliest tropic
clone, storm su
area. The storm
olds, and caus
1 Bangladesh
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
BOB 01 or Cy
Figure 11). A v
eath in Banglad
peak intensity
ed winds) as i
cal cyclones on
urge was a
m reportedly
sed 1.8 to 3 bil
h Cyclone
er Risk A-8144)
38 051215
yclone
very
desh.
(140
t
n
lion
3.1.3.3
Cyclone Si
during the
strength o
from an ar
mbar centr
926‐948 m
reports fro
about 1.5 m
economic
MunichRe
DMIC/DM
(issued by
are listed i
Tropical C
idr (JTWC des
e 2007 North In
f SSHS Catego
rea of low pres
ral pressure) o
bar central pre
om the Govern
million househ
impact from d
e) are as high a
MB) and the “D
y the GOB) is li
in Table 10.
Figure 12. S
Cyclone Sid
signation: 06B,
ndian Ocean c
ory 5), it was o
ssure on Nove
on November
essure) as it m
nment of Bang
holds, and res
damage and lo
as 3,775 million
Damage, Loss
isted in Table
Satellite Image
dr (2007)
, also known a
cyclone season
one of the wor
ember 10 and
14, and slightl
made landfall o
gladesh, the sto
ulted in 4,407
oss is about 1,6
n USD. Distric
and Needs As
9. Sector‐wide
e and Meteor
(Sour
as Very Severe
n (e.g., see Figu
rst catastrophe
reached its pe
ly downgrade
on the Banglad
orm affected a
lives lost. Off
675 million (20
ct‐wide conseq
ssessment For
e economic da
rological Histo
rce: Wikipedia
Final Repo
e Cyclonic Sto
ure 12). A very
e in Banglades
eak intensity (1
ed in intensity
desh coast on N
about 8.9 milli
ficial governm
007 USD), whi
quence data fr
Disaster Reco
amage and los
ory of 2007 T
a)
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
orm Sidr), was
y strong tropi
sh in recent tim
140 knots sust
y (100‐130 knot
November 15
ion people, de
ment estimates
ile other estim
rom Situation
overy and Rec
ss estimates iss
Tropical Cyclo
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
a tropical cyc
ical cyclone (p
mes. Sidr form
tained winds;
ts sustained w
. Based on offi
estroyed/dama
of the total
mates (i.e., from
Reports (issue
onstruction” r
sued by the GO
one Sidr
er Risk A-8144)
39 051215
clone
eak
med
918
winds;
icial
aged
m
ed by
report
OB
District
Num
o
Affe
Upa
Bagerhat Barguna Barisal 1
Bhola Chandpur Chittagong Comilla 1
Cox's Bazar Dhaka Faridpur Feni
Gopalganj Jessore Jhalokati Khulna
Kishoreganj 1
Lakshmipur Madaripur Manikganj Maulvibazar Munshiganj
Narail Narayanganj Narsingdi Noakhali Patuakhali Pirojpur Rajbari Satkhira Shariatpur
Total 2
Table
mber of ected azilla
Number of Affected People
9 1,221,788 5 846,076 10 147,718 7 843,669 8 175,579 5 15,295 16 70,527 8 8,555 5 15,180 8 154,540 6 156 5 257,354 8 223,608 4 763,211 9 525,616 13 18,140 5 55,695 4 595,000 7 4,200 3 755 6 102,322 3 35,024 4 57,998 6 306,538 5 217,300 7 611,125 7 1,011,359 4 3,775 7 212,133 6 423,023
200 8,923,259
Table 10. Se
Sect
Hous
Agricu
Transport InfOther Infra
Educa
Indu
Commerce
Health andEnviron
Tot
9. District-Wi
(Source: DM
Damaged Crops
(Acres) Full
58,215 227,403 45,275 22,350 6,550 1,976 2,500 245
23,200 87
8,958 103
117,308 12,464 4,500 18,500 3,330 6,807
3,080 7,615 6,889 2,350 3,125 60,440 72,963 3,200 2,858 20,536 742,827 1
ector-Wide D
(Sou
tor (m
sing
ulture frastructure astructure ation stry
e/Tourism d Nutrition nment tal
de Conseque
IC/DMB and G
Damaged Crops (Acres) Partial
Damage
Househo
Full
237,483 118,899
83,202 95,412
223,563 41,470
148,862 15,389
19,301 10,342
4,989 603 30,104 806 1,276 40 9,114 15 75,542 1,000
263 45 34,248 24,133
2,008 295 67,908 69,685
78,292 17,323
16,087 55 127,483 1,479
9,460 4,991
42,622 750 80 60
6,553 2,804
21,656 3,629
1,297 476 34,301 24 19,625 980 254,835 53,291
81,909 63,896
9,359 3,789
45,460 5,293
43,235 27,993
1,730,117 564,967
Damage and L
urce: Governm
Damage
million 2007 USD)839.3
21.3
116.0
106.5
62.5
3.8
‐2.4
6.1
1,158.0
ence Data for
Government
ed lds
Damaged Households
Partial
9 130,675 2 96,245 0 92,242 9 20,300 2 15,443
5,181 3,412 1,499 3,036 37,635 300
3 85,000 405
5 76,108 3 67,011
2,628 6,652 7,509 1,370 89
5,548 6,177 5,156 5,280 2,200
1 132,369 6 80,315
755 12,245
3 54,325 7 957,110
Loss Estimate
ment of Bang
) Loss
(million 2007‐
416.3
25.0
5.9
6.0
29.5
19.1
15.0
‐516.9
Final Repo
r 2007 Tropica
of Banglades
Number of
Deaths
Number of
Missing People
810 1,277 26 97 42 14 5 21 92
7 6 16 3
35 1 2 47 18
2 1 41
2 8 1 12 3 1
457 221 400 511 1 20 1 17
3,347 871
es for 2007 Tr
gladesh, 2008
7 USD) (million
1
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
al Cyclone Si
sh, 2008)
Affected Roads (Km)
Affec
Embank
(km
1,234 25
1,908 67
112 40 2
100 34
21 30
46
1,808 62
78 43
23
150 8
838 1,642 73
75 19
8,075 1,8
ropical Cyclo
)
Total
n 2007 USD) P
839.3
437.6
141.0
112.4
68.5
33.3
19.1
17.5
6.1
1,674.9 1
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
idr
cted kments m)
Affected Institution Infrastructu
59 2,070 79 2,696
4,434 990
2 333 4 9
98 0 9
2 34
588
2 1,604 3 497
5 133 128
43 48 35 48
8 1,373
39 2,804
9 149 511
75 18,641
one Sidr
Percent
50.1% 26.1% 8.4% 6.7% 4.1% 2.0% 1.1% 1.0% 0.4%
100.0%
er Risk A-8144)
40 051215
/ re
Number of
Injured People
11,428 16,310
61
2 20 7
16,206 173
1
119 18
5 35
8,500 1,161
4
1,232 55,282
3.1.3.4
Cyclone R
was a trop
a fairly we
India. Form
intensity (
on Octobe
destroyed/
consequen
F
District
Barisal
Bhola Chandpu
Khulna
Lakshmip
Narayang
Noakha
Patuakha
Shariatpu
Total
Tropical C
Rashmi (IMD d
pical cyclone d
eak tropical cy
ming as an are
45 knots susta
er 26. Based on
/damaged abo
nce data from
Figure 13. Sat
Table 11
(Sour
Number of
Affected Upazilla
Nu
Aff
Pe
6 21
7 ur 1 3 10
pur anj 1 li 1 ali 7 98
ur 1 27 32
Cyclone Ra
designation: BO
during the 2008
yclone (peak st
ea of low press
ained winds; 9
n official repor
out 17,000 hou
Situation Repo
tellite Image a
. District-Wid
rce: DMIC/DM
umber of fected eople
Damaged Crops (Acres) Full
3,437
0,000 725
8,402 50
1,839 775
ashmi (200
OB 05, JTWC d
8 North Indian
trength of Tro
sure within th
989 mbar centr
rts from DMIC
useholds, and r
orts (issued by
and Meteorol
(Image S
de Consequen
MB Situation R
Damaged Crops (Acres) Partial
Damaged Households
Full
8,044 252 1,578 750
100 9,878 1,780
18,022 4,360
8)
designation: 0
n Ocean cyclo
pical Storm C
he Bay of Beng
ral pressure) a
C/DMB, the sto
resulted in 13
y DMIC/DMB
ogical Histor
ource: Wikip
nce Data for 2
Report issued
s Damaged Households
Partial
Nu
De
720 2,905
1,055
7,724
12,404
Final Repo
04B, also know
one season (e.g
ategory), it ca
gal on October
as it made land
orm affected a
lives lost in B
B) is listed in T
ry of 2008 Tro
edia)
2008 Tropical
d MON-30-OC
umber of eaths
Number of
Missing People
Aff
R
(
2 1 1 1 2 3 1 7 4 2
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
wn as Cyclonic
g., see Figure 1
aused damage
r 24, Rashmi re
dfall on the Ba
about 322,000 p
angladesh. Di
Table 11.
opical Cyclon
l Cyclone Ras
CT-2008:1200
ffected Roads (Km)
Affected Embankments
(km)
92 6
120 22
212 28
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
c Storm Rashm
13). Although
in Bangladesh
eached its pea
angladesh coas
people,
istrict‐wide
ne Rashmi
shmi
0)
Affected Institution / Infrastructure
Num
o
Inju
Peo
84 1 22
107
er Risk A-8144)
41 051215
mi)
it was
h and
ak
st late
mber of ured ople
3.1.3.5
Cyclone B
2009 North
(peak stren
Storm Bijli
sustained
on the Ban
92,500 peo
wide cons
District
N
A
Bhola Chittagong Cox's Bazar Noakhali Total
Tropical C
ijli (JTWC des
h Indian Ocea
ngth of Tropic
i formed from
winds; 985 mb
ngladesh coast
ople, destroyed
equence data
Figure 14. S
Table 1
(Sour
Number of
Affected Upazilla
Number of
Affected People
4 9 14,408 6 78,150 5 24 92,558
Cyclone Bij
signation: 01B,
an cyclone seas
cal Storm Cate
m an area of low
bar central pre
t on April 17. B
d/damaged ab
from Situation
Satellite Image
12. District-W
rce: DMIC/DM
Damaged Crops (Acres) Full
Dama
Cro
(Acr
Par
320 21
88
3,7
320 4,8
jli (2009)
, also known a
son (e.g., see F
egory), it cause
w pressure on
essure) on Apr
Based on offic
bout 7,500 hou
n Reports (issu
e and Meteor
(Sour
Wide Consequ
MB Situation R
aged ops res) tial
Damaged Households
Full
14 186 85 448 716 826
815 1,460
as Cyclonic Sto
Figure 14). Alth
ed damage in
April 14. Bijli
ril 16 and mai
cial reports fro
useholds, and r
ued by DMIC/
rological Hist
rce: Wikipedia
uence Data fo
Report issued
Damaged Households
Partial
Num
of
Deat
2,117 1
3,874 3
1
5,991 5
Final Repo
orm Bijli), was
though it was
Bangladesh, I
i reached its fir
intained a sim
om DMIC/DM
resulted in 5 li
/DMB) is listed
tory of 2009 T
a)
or 2009 Tropic
d MON-20-AP
mber f ths
Number of
Missing People
Aff
R
(
5
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
s a tropical cyc
a fairly weak t
India, and My
rst peak inten
ilar intensity a
B, the storm a
ives lost in Ba
d in Table 12.
Tropical Cyclo
cal Cyclone B
PR-2009:1200
fected Roads (Km)
Affected Embankmen
(km)
7 7
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
clone during t
tropical cyclon
anmar. Cyclon
sity (50 knots
as it made lan
affected about
ngladesh. Dis
one Bijli
Bijli
0)
ts Affected
Institution / Infrastructure
15 22 69
106
er Risk A-8144)
42 051215
the
ne
nic
dfall
trict‐
Number of
Injured People
12 4 16
3.1.3.6
Cyclone Aduring thestrength o(e.g., see Fits peak inIndian coamillion peTotal econin ECHO, Table 13. S
District
Bagerhat Barguna Barisal Bhola
Chittagong Khulna
Lakshmipur Noakhali Patuakhali Pirojpur Satkhira Total
Tropical C
Aila (JTWC dese 2009 North Inf SSHS CategoFigure 16). Sevntensity (65 knast just east of eople, destroyenomic impact r2009). DistrictSector‐wide ec
Figure 15. S
Table 1
(Sour
Number of
Affected Upazilla
Number of Affected People
5 497,036 5 284,079 10 292,105 7 584,970 3 13,630 6 546,630 4 17,071 3 1,163,071 7 615,785 7 248,470 7 563,783 64 4,826,630
Cyclone Ail
signation: 02B,ndian Ocean cory 1), it causevere Cyclonic Snots sustained Bangladesh. Bed/damaged aranges from 27t‐wide consequconomic cost e
Satellite Image
13. District-W
rce: DMIC/DM
Damaged Crops (Acres) Full
Damag
Crop
(Acres
Partia
3,095 5,491
36,620 52,66
0 15,59
7,960 22,02
235 234 3,146 6,036
350 8,633
127 1,373
14,262 83,73
55,10
2,045 1,205
67,840 252,09
la (2009)
, also known acyclone seasoned extensive dStorm Aila forwinds; 974 mb
Based on officiabout 610,000 h70 million USDuence data froestimates are li
e and Meteor
(Sour
Wide Consequ
MB Situation R
ged s s) al
Damaged Households
Full
1 3,691 60 3,920 92 368 23 28,667
673 6 58,721 3 810 3 3,499 36 34,061 07 2,705 5 105,767 90 242,882
as Severe Cycln (e.g., see Figuamage in Indimed from an abar central preial reports fromhouseholds, anD (Munich Reom Situation Risted in Table
rological Hist
rce: Wikipedia
uence Data fo
Report issued
Damaged Households
Partial
Number of
Deaths
52,910 4 19,658 6,726 11 80,351 18 1,638 1 54,313 57 2,488 7 5,912 24 70,695 8 24,380 1 50,631 59 369,702 190
Final Repo
lonic Storm Aiure 15). A mo
ia and Bangladarea of low pressure) on Ma
m DMIC/DMB
nd resulted in) to 1,149 milli
Reports (issued14.
tory of 2009 T
a)
or 2009 Tropic
d MON-20-AP
Number of Missing People
Affect
Road
(Km
1,03
373
692
1,63
178
999
37
140
135
926
279
6,42
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ila), was a tropderate tropicadesh, particularessure on Ma
ay 25 as it mad
B, the storm afn 190 lives lost ion USD (the Md by DMIC/DM
Tropical Cyclo
cal Cyclone A
PR-2009:1200
ted ds m)
Affected Embankments
(km)
3 85 3 78 2 25 5 219 8 38 9 597
1 0 63 5 301 6 33 9 292 27 1,733
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
pical cyclone al cyclone (peaarly due to floay 22 and reachde landfall on tffected about 4in BangladeshMOFDM repoMB) is listed i
one Aila
Aila
0)
Affected Institution / Infrastructure
Num
o
Inju
Peo
632 262 274 12
659 20
42 10
587 54
20 6
64 25
26 61
252 465 5,3
3,283 7,1
er Risk A-8144)
43 051215
ak ooding hed the 4.8 h. orted in
mber of red ople
21 01 0 43 6 55 10
57 03
Figure 16
6. Tropical Cy
Table
yclone Aila A
14. Sector-W
(Sourc
Are
Cluster houRecon
Construct
Reconstru
Restor
Funding supRestoration
Areas Affected
ide Conseque
ce: the MOFD
eas of Assistance
uses for landless pstruction of housetion of cyclone sheuction of embankm
ration of livelihoodport for displacedn of water supply s
Total
d with Surface
ence Data for
DM reported i
Esti
(millio
people
es
elter
ment
d
peoplesystem
Final Repo
e Water as of
r 2009 Tropic
n EHCO, 200
mated Coston 2009 USD) P
435
381
200
62
56
12
3
1,149
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
f May 27th, 20
cal Cyclone A
09)
Percent
37.9%
33.2%
17.4%
5.4%
4.9%
1.0%
0.3%
100.0%
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
009 (Source: W
Aila
er Risk A-8144)
44 051215
WFP)
3.1.3.7
Cyclone B
during the
depression
Banglades
October 10
on the Ban
about 134,
Banglades
in Table 15
F
District
Bhola Chittagon
Cox's BazaFeni
Lakshmipu
Noakhali
Total
Tropical C
OB 01 (IMD d
e 2012 North In
n (peak streng
sh, causing ext
0, reached its p
ngladesh coast
,000 people, de
sh. District‐wid
5.
Figure 17. Sat
Table 15
(Source:
Number of
Affected Upazilla
Num
Affe
Pe
2 66
g 4 16
ar 2 1
ur 1 1
i 5 50
15 133
Cyclone BO
designation: BO
ndian Ocean c
gth of Tropical
tensive damag
peak intensity
t on October 1
estroyed/dam
de consequenc
tellite Image a
. District-Wid
DMIC/CDMP/
mber of ected ople
Damaged Crops
(Acres) Full
,687 272 ,785
16 ,200 18,000 3,688 18,272
OB 01 (201
OB 01, also kn
cyclone season
Depression C
ge. Deep Depr
y (30 knots sus
1. Based on of
aged about 24
ce data from S
and Meteorol
(Sour
de Consequen
/MDMR Situat
Damaged Crops (Acres) Partial
Damage
Househo
Full
667 3,015
18,020 5,035
18,687 8,050
2)
nown as Deep
n (e.g., see Figu
Category), it br
ession BOB 01
tained winds;
fficial reports f
4,500 househol
Situation Repo
ogical Histor
rce: Wikipedia
nce Data for 2
tion Report is
ed lds
Damaged Households
Partial
Nu
De
8,468 3,357
4,505 16,330
Final Repo
Depression BO
ure 17). Altho
rought high w
1 formed from
1002 mbar ce
from DMIC/D
lds, and result
orts (issued by
ry of 2012 Tro
a)
2012 Tropical
ssued MON-2
umber of eaths
Number of
Missing People
Affe
Ro
(K
12 9 7
4 2 42
18 21 36 72 7
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
OB 01), was a
ough it was a w
winds and heav
m an area of low
entral pressure
DMB/MDMR, t
ted in 108 live
y DMIC/CDMP
opical Cyclon
l Cyclone BO
22-OCT-2012:
ected oads Km)
Affected Embankments
(km)
75
75
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
tropical cyclo
weak tropical
vy rains to mu
w pressure on
e) as made lan
the storm affe
es lost in
P/MDMR) is li
ne BOB 01
OB 01
1450)
Affected Institution / Infrastructure
Numb
of Injure
Peop
103 43
9
9
1
151 121
254 183
er Risk A-8144)
45 051215
one
uch of
n
ndfall
ected
isted
ber
ed le
3.1.3.8
Cyclone M
during the
strength o
flooding. C
intensity (
as it made
affected ab
Banglades
(Aon Benf
listed in T
Fi
Distric
Bargun
Bhola
Chittago
Jhaloka
Lakshmi
Noakh
Patuakh
Pirojpu
Satkhi
Tota
Tropical C
Mahasen (JTWC
e 2013 North In
f Tropical Stor
Cyclonic Storm
45 knots susta
e landfall on th
bout 1.3 millio
sh. The econom
field, 2013). Th
able 16.
igure 18. Sate
Table 16.
(Sour
ct
Number of
Affected Upazilla
Num
Aff
Pe
na 6 51
a 7 51
ong 4 54
ati 4 64
pur 4 9
ali 5 35
hali 8 70
ur 7 60
ra 2 1
l 47 1,3
Cyclone Ma
C designation
ndian Ocean c
rm Category),
m Mahasen for
ained winds; 9
he Bangladesh
on people, dest
mic losses to cr
he District‐wid
ellite Image a
District-Wide
rce: CDMP/MD
mber of fected eople
Damaged Crops (Acres) Full
18,690 44,395 14,366 9,965 4,295 4,460 9,890 5,127 250 0,409 0,000 1,000 28,237 54,610
ahasen (20
n: 01B, also kno
cyclone season
it caused dam
rmed from an
989 mbar centr
h coast on May
troyed/damag
rops and fishe
de consequenc
and Meteorolo
(Sour
e Consequen
DMR Cyclone
Damaged Crops (Acres) Partial
Damaged Households
Full
30,468 6,856 37,619 4,957
50 2,929 55
120 1,400 1,710
7,540 448
72,416 21,736
013)
own as Cyclon
n (e.g., see Figu
mage in Bangla
area of low p
ral pressure) o
y 16. Based on
ged about 136,
eries were repo
ce data from Si
ogical History
rce: Wikipedia
ce Data for 2
e Mahasen Up
s Damaged Households
Partial
Num
of
Deat
61,812 7
19,389 4
2,005 2
1,934 359 4,968 18,238 3
5,641 1
50 114,396 17
Final Repo
nic Storm Viya
ure 18). A fair
adesh and My
ressure on Ma
on May 11 and
official report
,000 household
orted at 200 m
ituation Repor
y of 2013 Tro
a)
013 Tropical
pdate Issue 1
mber f ths
Number of
Missing People
Affect
Road
(Km
7 1,27
4 122
2 248
150
3 1
7 1,79
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
aru), was a tro
rly weak tropic
yanmar, partic
ay 9. Mahasen
d maintained a
ts from CDMP
ds, and resulte
million USD by
rts (issued by
pical Cyclone
Cyclone Mah
May 20, 2013
ted ds m)
Affected Embankments
(km)
70 179 2 419
8 8
19 0 1
1
90 627
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
opical cyclone
cal cyclone (pe
cularly due to
n reached its p
a similar inten
P, the storm
ed in 17 lives l
y the governm
CDMP/MDM
e Mahasen
hasen
3)
Affected Institution / Infrastructure
Number
of Injured People
1,416 1,679
900 87 3 73
2,392 1,766
er Risk A-8144)
46 051215
eak
eak
sity
lost in
ment
MR) is
r
3.2 Flo
Flooding i
and Augu
flash flood
May and S
floods cau
caused by
exacerbate
meters of m
Brahmapu
Flooding i
cyclones, t
catchment
Banglades
floodwate
indicates a
important
associated
This sectio
addition, a
this section
discussed
3.2.1 H
The percen
years since
Statisticall
distributio
flood was
necessarily
catchment
although f
area (e.g.,
of the coun
ood
in Bangladesh
st. While mos
ds caused by o
September to N
used by riverin
storm surges
ed as Banglade
mean sea leve
utra (Jamuna),
in Bangladesh
tropical depre
ts, a low flood
sh, and polder
r outside prot
a damaging flo
because norm
d with low agri
on provides an
a consequence
n. A selection
in further det
Historical F
nt of the total
e 1954 from th
ly, about 20%
on in inter‐ann
68% in 1998, a
y the total area
t flows, the loc
flooding risk i
see Figure 19
ntry may be af
is an annual p
t of the countr
overflowing of
November), (b
ne flooding of
(e.g., refer DM
esh is a low‐ly
el) and most of
and Meghna
is the result o
ssions, monso
plain gradient
s (low‐lying tr
tected areas (A
ood, while bor
mal flooding is
icultural prod
n overview an
e database of h
of notable and
ail.
Flood Infor
area of Bangla
he Bangladesh
of the country
nual variability
and the smalle
a inundated b
cation and tim
s greatest on t
illustrating th
ffected, as not
phenomenon,
ry is flood pro
f hilly rivers in
b) floods cause
major rivers (t
MB, 2010; Ahm
ying, riverine c
f the country i
Rivers.
of several facto
oonal depressi
t, congested d
racts of land e
Ahmed and Mi
sha indicates n
s common in B
duction.
d summary of
historical flood
d recent flood
mation
adesh affected
Water Develo
y is affected by
y of flood affec
est reported ar
y flood waters
ming of floodin
the coast and a
he general floo
ted in the 1988
with the most
one, four gener
n the eastern a
ed by heavy ra
typically durin
mad et al., 1994
country (e.g., a
s on a delta pl
ors, including
ons, or other s
rainage chann
nclosed by em
irza, 2000). A d
normal floodin
Bangladesh, an
f the collection
ds has been de
events that ha
d annually by f
opment Board
y floods on ave
cted areas. Sin
rea was 0.2% i
s. Depending
ng can vary fro
around the Ga
d risk in Bang
8 and 1998 floo
Final Repo
t severe occur
ral types of flo
and northern r
ain and draina
ng June to Sep
4; Ahmad et al
about 50% of t
lain at the con
heavy rainfall
storms), large
nels, convergen
mbankments) t
distinction of
ng (Brammer,
nd a comparat
n of historical
eveloped and i
ave significant
floods, shown
d (BWDB Annu
erage per year
nce 1954, the la
in 1994. Note t
on rainfall var
om one part of
anges‐Brahma
gladesh). Durin
ods.
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
rring during th
ooding occur i
regions (typica
age congestion
ptember), and
l., 2000). The s
the country is
nfluence of the
l (either from m
inflow of wat
nce of major r
that increase th
flood is made
1999). This di
tively low floo
hazard data fo
is summarized
tly impacted B
n in Table 17, is
ual Flood Rep
r, although the
argest reporte
that area affec
riability within
f the country t
putra‐Meghna
ng catastrophi
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
he months of J
in Bangladesh
ally during Ap
n, (c) monsoon
(d) coastal flo
situation is
within seven
e Ganges (Padm
monsoons, tro
ter from upstre
rivers inside
he intensity of
e in Bengali: bo
istinction is
od year is typic
or floods. In
d and discusse
Bangladesh ar
s available for
port, 2014).
ere is high
d area affected
ted is not
n the country
to another,
a (GBM) catch
ic floods, over
er Risk A-8144)
47 051215
July
: (a)
pril to
n
oods
ma),
opical
eam
f
onna
cally
ed in
re also
r most
d by
and
hment
r half
Table 17. Yearly Floo
od Affected A
Year
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Area in Bangl
Flood Affected A
(km2) (%
36,800 25
50,500 34
35,400 24
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
28,400 19
28,800 20
37,200 25
43,100 29
31,000 21
28,400 19
33,400 23
25,700 17
37,200 25
41,400 28
42,400 29
36,300 25
20,800 14
29,800 20
52,600 36
16,600 11
28,300 19
12,500 8
10,800 7
N/A N/A
33,000 22
N/A N/A
3,140 2
11,100 7.5
28,200 19
11,400 8
6,600 4
57,300 39
89,970 61
6,100 4
3,500 2.4
28,600 19
2,000 1.4
28,742 20
419 0.2
32,000 22
35,800 24
N/A N/A
100,250 68
32,000 22
35,700 24
4,000 2.8
15,000 10
21,500 14
55,000 38
17,850 12
16,175 11
62,300 42
33,655 23
28,593 19
26,530 18
29,800 20
17,700 12
15,650 10.
Final Repo
adesh (Sourc
Area
%)
5
4
4
A
A
A
9
0
5
9
1
9
3
7
5
8
9
5
4
0
6
1
9
A
2
A
5
9
9
1
4
9
4
0
2
2
4
A
8
2
4
8
0
4
8
2
1
2
3
9
8
0
2
.6
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ce: BWDB, 20
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
014)
er Risk A-8144)
48 051215
Figure 19. Flood Prone
e Areas in Ba
angladesh (So
Final Repo
ource: BARC
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
C/UNDP/FAO,
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
2000)
er Risk A-8144)
49 051215
3.2.2 F
Disaster co
historical f
and intern
reported fl
database d
Banglades
1. A
is
2. C
A
D
(C
3. C
pr
4. D
5. D
O
6. D
“S
7. EM
Ep
8. G
9. M
(M
10. M
11. R
pa
12. W
Pr
13. W
re
Table 18 p
contains in
damaged,
people), an
as reported
Flood Cons
onsequence da
flood events o
national. This d
lood events (e
discussed prev
sh. Data was co
AHMED: “Banssued by the BCDMP: “ConsoAction Plan”, aDisaster Manag
CDMP) CDP: “Rapid Arogramme IndDDM: Data/repDFO: The GlobObservatory (DDMIC: Data anSituation RepoMDAT: The Epidemiology oGOB: Data/repMAJUMDER: “Majumder, 201MDMR: Data/rRAHMAN: “Flaper authoredWB2004: “2004 rogram” reporWORLDBANK
esearch workin
presents the ye
nformation for
typically the l
nd economic l
d by the differ
sequence
atabases of flo
occurring in Ba
data was assem
e.g., those not c
viously) which
ollected and p
ngladesh Clima
angladesh Coolidated Dama
n executive sugement with th
Assessment of Fdependent Revports from thebal Active ArchDFO) nd reports fromorts” Emergency Evof Disasters (Corts from the “The Economi
13) reports from tlood Managem
d by engineersFloods in Banrt on the 2004 K: “Climate Prng paper issue
ear‐by‐year sum
r major floods
largest reporte
loss (generally
rent sources ar
oods in Bangla
angladesh has
mbled into a d
caused by trop
h have had a s
processed from
ate Change Immprehensive Dage and loss Aummary reporhe assistance o
Flood 2004” coview of Banglae Bangladesh Dhive of Large F
m the Disaster
ents DatabaseCRED) Government oics of Early Re
the Bangladeshment in the Flo in the Banglangladesh ‐ Damfloods by the roofing Infrasted by the Wor
mmary of the
spanning from
ed value is list
y the financial
re listed. Note
adesh are limit
been collected
database and r
pical cyclones;
ignificant repo
m a large varie
mpacts and VuDisaster Mana
Assessment, Lert Disaster Man
of Comprehen
onducted by tadesh’s DevelDepartment ofFlood Events m
r Management
e (EMDAT), m
of Bangladeshesponse and R
h Ministry of Dood Plain of Baadesh Water Dmage and Nee
World Bank aructure in Banrld Bank
consequence
m 1954 to 2013
ted. For people
impact for all
e that the value
Final Repo
ted. As such, c
d from a large
represents a co
; refer to the tr
orted impact o
ety of sources,
ulnerability” (Aagement Progessons Learnt nagement Burnsive Disaster
the Centre for lopment (IRBDf Disaster Man
maintained by
t Information C
maintained by t
h Resilience: Ban
Disaster Mana
angladesh” (RDevelopment Beds Assessmen
and the Asian ngladesh” (Wo
database of m
3. For dwellin
e affected, life
sectors), the m
es are not tren
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
consequence d
e variety of sou
omprehensive
ropical cyclon
on population
including:
Ahmed, 2006),gramme from the Flooreau Ministry Management
Policy DialogD), August 12,nagement y the Dartmou
Centre of Ban
the Centre for
ngladesh Coun
agement and RRahman et al., Board nt and ProposeDevelopment
orld Bank, 201
major flood eve
ngs destroyed a
e loss (deaths p
minimum and
nded and corre
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
data from majo
urces, both loc
inventory of
ne consequence
n and assets in
, a synthesis re
d 2007 and Fuof Food and Programme
gue (CPD) und 2004
uth Flood
ngladesh, inclu
Research on t
ntry Study”
Relief 2007) a resear
ed Recovery t Bank 10), a policy
ents. The table
and dwellings
plus missing
d maximum va
espond to yea
er Risk A-8144)
50 051215
or
cal
e
eport
uture
der the
uding
the
rch
e
s
alues
r‐of
estimates.
events are
Table 19 p
These pref
The data e
between th
general, Ba
more of th
year GDP,
The strongrisk due toBanglades
affected ardue to flooestimated year, due tfloods of 1over 60% odetails on
In general, th
missing conse
presents a sum
ferred loss esti
extracted from
he reported lo
angladesh is s
he country is a
, to account fo
g correlation bo flooding to Bsh as reported rea, the linear oding. For exathat Bangladeto floods. In th1987, 1988, 199of Bangladeshthese floods, a
ere are severa
equence inform
mmary of prefe
imates are sele
m Table 20 is pl
osses due to flo
shown to expe
ffected by floo
r the relative e
between the loBangladesh. Taby the Nation
trend derivedample, a countesh is expectedhe recent deca98, and 2004. Th and causing mas well as the r
al data gaps in
mation.
erred economic
ected based on
lotted in Figur
ooding (norma
erience the ons
oding. Note th
economic imp
sses due to floable 20 lists thnal Water Man
d in Figure 20 ctry‐wide EP cud to incur 1.5%ades, BangladeThe floods of 1more than 8%recent 2004 an
available floo
c loss estimate
n a review of t
re 20 and a tre
alized by GDP
set of significan
hat the losses d
pact of events o
ood affected arhe approximate
nagement Plancan be used tourve can be inf% GDP (2.2 billesh has experie1988 and 1998 GDP in lossesnd 2007 floods
Final Repo
od consequenc
es extracted fr
the reported v
end is noted: th
P) and the repo
ant losses due t
due to flood ar
over the years
rea can be usee return perion Project (NWM
o infer the appferred as showlion in 2014 Uenced several were particulas (e.g., over 12s, are presente
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ce records, and
om the conseq
values and rep
here is a high
orted percent
to floods when
re normalized
s.
ed to infer the d of flood affeMP, 2000). Givproximate retuwn in Figure 2USD) in losses, devastating flarly catastroph2 billion in 201d in the next s
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
d many known
quence databa
porting agencie
correlation
of flooded are
n about 17% o
d by the curren
overall economected area for ven the flood urn period of lo1. Overall, it ison average peloods, includinhic, each affec14 USD). More
section.
er Risk A-8144)
51 051215
n
ase.
es.
ea. In
or
nt‐
mic
osses s er ng the cting e
Year Dwellings Destroyed So
1954 1955 1956 1962 1963 1964 1966 1968 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1976 1977 1978 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 196,803 MD
1987 1988 1,151,189 MD
1989 3,203 MD
1990 14,101 MD
1991 306,522 MD
1992 1993 234,393 MD
1994 19,177 MD
1995 898,708 MD
1996 218,275 MD
1997 113,252 MD
1998 984,002 MD
1999 2000 437,050 MD
2001 2002 115,511 MD
2003 109,147 MD
2004 969,161 MD
2005 2006 2007 65,522 MD
2008 11,488 DM
2009 2010 2011 41,594 DM
2012 88,070 D
2013
urce Dwellings Damaged Source
DMR 279,212 MDMR
DMR 2,536,408 MDMR
DMR 16,096 MDMR
DMR 58,418 MDMR
DMR 492,452 MDMR
DMR 615,336 MDMR
DMR 31,005 MDMR
DMR 2,014,017 MDMR
DMR 598,818 MDMR
DMR 241,147 MDMR
DMR 2,456,795 MDMR
138,076 MDMR
DMR 309,775 MDMR
DMR 564,527 MDMR
DMR 541,988 MDMR
DMR 3,602,009 MDMR
DMR 919,575 MDMR
MIC 75,565 DMIC
MIC 142,027 DMIC
DM 272,792 DDM
Table 1
e People Affected Min Sourc
1,000,000 EMDA
500,000 EMDA
15,889,616 EMDA
10,000,000 EMDA
30,000,000 AHME
4,000,000 EMDA
213,650 EMDA
400,000 EMDA
10,000,000 EMDA
308,000 EMDA
7,160,000 EMDA
20,000,000 AHME
352,800 DFO
R 400,000 EMDA
24,823,376 MDM
R 44,670,060 MDM
R 620,000 DFO
R 1,383,360 MDM
R 2,990,000 EMDA
50,000 DFO
R 11,559,586 MDM
R 395,100 EMDA
R 23,651,000 DFO
R 5,828,319 EMDA
R 900,030 EMDA
R 31,048,653 MDM
R 495,420 EMDA
R 2,667,138 EMDA
251,200 DFO
R 6,020,000 DFO
R 3,520,000 DFO
R 36,000,000 WB20
1,150,000 EMDA
200,000 DFO
R 10,655,564 MDM
600,000 EMDA
500,000 EMDA
575,000 EMDA
1,570,559 EMDA
5,148,475 DDM
415,250 DDM
8. Consequence
ce People Affected Max Sou
AT 1,000,000 EMD
AT 500,000 EMD
AT 15,889,616 EMD
AT 10,000,000 EMD
ED 38,000,000 EMD
AT 4,000,000 EMD
AT 213,650 EMD
AT 400,000 EMD
AT 10,000,000 EMD
AT 308,000 EMD
AT 7,160,000 EMD
ED 30,000,000 EMD
O 500,000 EMD
AT 6,715,734 MD
MR 29,700,000 EMD
MR 47,000,000 AHM
O 1,848,389 MD
MR 2,327,777 DF
AT 8,992,759 MD
O 75,200 EMD
MR 15,751,613 EMD
AT 553,467 MD
O 26,197,182 MD
AT 8,106,988 MD
AT 5,008,868 MD
MR 55,000,000 AHM
AT 4,338,372 MD
AT 3,244,576 MD
O 700,000 EMD
O 7,608,837 MD
O 7,874,465 MD
04 40,955,375 MD
AT 1,220,000 DF
O 211,775 EMD
MR 13,851,380 EMD
AT 975,096 DM
AT 500,000 EMD
AT 1,240,000 DF
AT 1,853,000 DM
M 5,398,475 EMD
M 415,250 DD
Database of Floo
urce Life Lost Min
Source
112 AHMED 129 AHMED
117 AHMED 30 EMDAT
DAT DAT 39 EMDAT DAT 126 AHMED DAT 87 AHMED
120 AHMED 50 EMDAT 427 EMDAT
DAT 1,987 AHMED DAT 168 EMDAT DAT 13 EMDAT DAT 17 EMDAT DAT 655 EMDAT DAT DAT 245 EMDAT DAT 553 AHMED DAT 24 DFO MR 30 EMDAT DAT 1,470 MDMR MED 1,621 MDMR MR 23 MDMR FO 41 MDMR MR 97 MDMR DAT 2 DFO DAT 162 MDMR MR 10 MDMR MR 246 MDMR MR 55 EMDAT MR 125 MDMR MED 918 MDMR MR 15 MDMR MR 37 MDMR DAT 9 EMDAT MR 26 MDMR MR 104 MDMR MR 765 MDMR FO 55 EMDAT DAT 105 DFO DAT 594 MDMR MIC 28 EMDAT DAT 6 DFO FO 15 EMDAT MIC 10 EMDAT DAT 13 DDM DM
Final Report on CaFinanc
ods in Banglades
Life Lost Max
Source Econ L
Min
(in Mill
112 AHMED 1,20
129 AHMED 1,29
900
117 AHMED 560
30 EMDAT 580
5
39 EMDAT 1
221 EMDAT 199
87 AHMED 1,10
120 AHMED 50 EMDAT 427 EMDAT 1,987 AHMED 579
168 EMDAT 13 EMDAT 17 EMDAT 655 EMDAT 150
245 EMDAT 1,200 EMDAT 4,50
34 EMDAT 57 MDMR
2,280 EMDAT 1,00
2,440 EMDAT 1,137
203 DFO 231 EMDAT 6
1,039 DFO 150
17 EMDAT 220 DFO 116 EMDAT 822 DFO 200
76 MDMR 10
140 DFO 229
2,709 DFO 2,12
196 EMDAT 81 DFO 500
19 DFO 161 DFO 252 EMDAT 910 DFO 1,86
60 DFO 105 DFO 1,230 EMDAT 1,066
28 EMDAT 16 EMDAT 119 DFO 53 DFO 139 EMDAT
apacity Building for Disce in Bangladesh (ADB
SF13-1049 FINAL R
sh
Loss in lions)
Currency Source
00 BDT AHMED
90 BDT AHMED
0 BDT AHMED
0 BDT AHMED
0 BDT AHMED
USD EMDAT
USD EMDAT
9.4 USD EMDAT
00 BDT AHMED
9.2 USD EMDAT
0 USD EMDAT
00 BDT AHMED
00 USD DFO 7.1 USD GOB
USD EMDAT
0 USD EMDAT
0.3 USD DFO 0 USD EMDAT
9 USD EMDAT
28 USD WORLDBA
0 USD EMDAT
60 USD CDP
6.7 USD GOB
saster Risk B TA-8144)
52 REP 051215
Econ Loss Max
(in Millions) Currenc
D 1,200 BDTD 1,290 BDTD 900 BDTD 560 BDTD 580 BDTT 5 USDT 1 USDT 1,160 BDTD 1,100 BDT
T 936 USD
T 150 USD
D 4,500 BDT
35,000 BDT100,000 BDT
T 6.2 USDT 150 USD
375.3 USDT 15 USDT 229 USDANK 4,300 USD
T 500 USD
2,280 USD
1,100 USD
cy Source
AHMED AHMED AHMED AHMED AHMED EMDAT EMDAT AHMED AHMED
WORLDBANK
EMDAT
AHMED
AHMED AHMED
DFO EMDAT
EMDAT DFO
EMDAT EMDAT
EMDAT
WB2004
WORLDBANK
Figure
5 GDP value6 Percent aff
Tabl
Year Perce
Count
Affect
1962 25.0
1963 29.0
1964 21.0
1966 23.0
1968 25.0
1970 29.0
1974 36.0
1980 22.0
1984 19.0
1987 39.0
1988 61.0
1991 19.0
1995 22.0
1996 24.0
1998 68.0
2000 24.0
2004 38.0
2007 21.5
e 20. Normaliz
es are obtained frected for the mai
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
Reported
Loss
Norm
alized
by
GDP
le 19. Flood C
ent try ted
Econo
Los
(in Mill
0 560
0 580
0 5.0
0 1.0
0 1,160
0 1,100
0 579
0 150
0 4,500
0 35,00
0 2,13
0 150
0 375
0 15.
0 4,300
0 500
0 2,280
56 1,06
zed Reported
rom the World Bin flood is obtain
y = 0.194x ‐ 0R² = 0.93
0%
Repor
Linea
Consequence
omic ss lions)
Curren
0.0 BDT
0.0 BDT
0 USD
0 USD
0.0 BDT
0.0 BDT
9.2 USD
0.0 USD
0.0 BDT
00.0 BDT
7.0 USD
0.0 USD
5.3 USD
0 USD
0.0 USD
0.0 USD
0.0 USD
6.7 USD
Floods Loss
ank Databank ned from the CDM
0.032
31
20%
Percent of B
rted
r Fit
e Database –
ncy Source
AHMED
AHMED
EMDAT
EMDAT
AHMED
AHMED
EMDAT
EMDAT
AHMED
AHMED
EMDAT
EMDAT
EMDAT
DFO
EMDAT
EMDAT
WB2004
GOB
ses Versus Pe
MP
40%
Bangladesh Aff
Final Repo
Preferred Lo
GDP5 (current Million USD) 5,081
5,319
5,386
6,440
7,484
8,993
12,459
18,115
19,670
23,781
25,639
30,957
37,940
40,666
44,092
47,125
56,561
68,415
ercent of Ban
60%
fected by Flood
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ss Estimates
GDP (current Million BDT) 24,391 25,533 25,853 30,911 35,922 43,165 99,674 280,777 489,787 727,711 799,929 1,105,181 1,525,178 1,663,240 2,001,766 2,370,855 3,329,731 4,724,769
ngladesh Affe
% 8
ds
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
s
Loss Normalized by GDP
2.30% 2.27% 0.02% 0.00% 3.23% 2.55% 4.65% 0.83% 0.92% 4.81% 8.34% 0.48% 0.99% 0.04% 9.75% 1.06% 4.03% 1.56%
ected by Floo
80%
er Risk A-8144)
53 051215
ods
7 2014 GPD e
Tab
Retur
(y
Annua
Figure
estimated at 147,
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
Estim
ated
Loss
Norm
alized
by
GDP
ble 20. Floode
rn Period years)
Are
(So
2 5 10 20 50 100
500
al Average
e 21. Countryw
,349 million USD
AAL 2
ed area of Ba
ea Affected by Floource: NWMP, 200
20%
30%
37%
43%
52%
60%
70%
‐
wide Exceeda
D
2 5
Mean R
angladesh for
od 00)
Los
Normalized
0.68
2.62
3.98
5.14
6.89
8.44
10.38
1.5%
ance Probabi
10 20
eturn Period (
Final Repo
r different ret
ss d by GDP (cur
8%
2%
8%
4%
9%
4%
8%
%
ility Curve of
50 100
(Years)
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
turn periods
Loss rrent million USD)
1,002 3,861 5,862 7,577 10,149 12,436 15,295 2,210
Floods Loss
0
2
4
6
8
1
1
1
1
0 500
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
7
ses
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Estim
ated
Loss
(Billion
USD)
er Risk A-8144)
54 051215
3.2.3 S
3.2.3.1
The 1988 f
Banglades
country ag
other cities
(Banglape
population
(EMDAT)
1.424 billio
(Ahmed, 2
(UNDP/GO
Significant
The 1988 F
floods in Bang
sh (see Figure
ggravated the
s (such as Sera
dia, 2014). Acc
n). The official
. Reported eco
on USD (Worl
2006). The perc
OB, 1988) is sh
Figure 22
and Recen
Floods
gladesh, which
22). Heavy rai
flood. Eighty‐
ajganj, Gopalg
cording to the
l death toll wa
onomic loss es
d Bank, 2010),
centage of sec
hown in Table
2. Flood Affec
nt Flood Ev
h occurred mai
infall together
‐five percent o
ganj, Tangail, R
e MDMR, over
as 1,621 people
timates (in 198
, 2.137 billion U
tor losses from
e 21; note that
cted Areas fr
vents
inly in August
r with very hig
of Dhaka city w
Ranjbari and F
r 44 million pe
e (MDMR) wh
88 values) ran
USD (EMDAT
m the rehabilit
residential los
rom the 1988
Final Repo
t and Septemb
gh flows of all
was inundated
Faridpurko) w
eople were affe
hile others rep
nge from 1.137
T), to 100 billio
tation and reco
sses are not inc
Floods (Sour
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ber, affected ab
l the three maj
d by the Burig
were under 5 to
ected (about 4
port are as high
7 billion USD (
on BDT (3.151
onstruction pr
cluded in the
rce: Banglape
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
bout 60% of
or rivers of th
ganga River, an
o 10 feet of wa
43% of the cou
h as 2,440 peop
(UNDP/GOB,
billion USD)
rogram
assessment.
edia)
er Risk A-8144)
55 051215
he
nd
ater
untry
ple
1988),
3.2.3.2
The 1998 f
100 years.
Figure 23)
estimated
Hobiganj,
Pabna, Raj
occurred f
Lingering
danger‐lev
from the s
high tides,
flood of 19
In total, of
dwellings
loss estima
USD) (Ahm
shown in T
Tab
The 1998 F
floods are rega
In total, 53 of
; about 50% of
to be up to th
Jamalpur, Kh
jbari, Rajshahi
from about Jul
intensive rain
vel flows of th
ynchronizatio
, and the La N
998. (Climate P
fficial (MDMR
damaged, 31
ates (in 1998 v
med, 2006), 3.4
Table 22.
Table 22. S
ble 21. 1988 F
(Source:
Infrastruc
Floods
arded as the lo
the 64 district
f the country w
ree meters. In
hagrachari, Ku
i, Rangpur, Sh
ly to mid‐Sept
n throughout B
he three major
on of the peak
Niña situation h
Proofing Infra
R) impact estim
million people
values) range f
4 billion USD
Sector-Wise 1
Infrastruc
Floods Rehab
UNDP/GOB,
Sector
Residentia
cture (Roads, RailwIndustria
Crop
Non‐Crop Agric
ongest‐lasting
ts of Banglade
was under wa
particular, Co
rigram, Lalmo
herpur, Sirajan
tember and the
Bangladesh du
rivers (Gange
flow of the th
have been ide
structure in B
mates for the y
e affected (24%
from 2.128 bill
(DFO), to 4.3 b
1998 Flood Da
Sector
Residentia
cture (Roads, RailwIndustria
Crop
Non‐Crop Agric
bilitation and
1988; Benso
al
ways, Institutions)l
culture
and most dev
sh were affect
ter for up to 6
omilla, Chittag
onirhat, Manik
ngj and Tangai
e situation rea
uring July to A
es, Brahmaputr
ree major rive
ntified as the m
angladesh, 20
year were abou
% of the popul
ion USD (Wor
billion USD (E
amages (Sou
al
ways, Institutions)l
culture
Final Repo
Reconstructi
on and Clay, 2
Percent of ToN/A
) 65.4
19.8
10.2
4.6
vastating flood
ted by floods o
67 days, and de
gong, Cox s Ba
kganj, Mymen
il districts wer
ached a critical
August, simult
ra, and Meghn
ers between Se
major contribu
10)
ut one million
lation), and 91
rld Bank, 2010
EMDAT). The
urce: Climate
Percent of To20.4
) 18.2
12.0
42.8
6.6
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ion Program
2002)
otal
d Bangladesh h
of differing m
epth of inund
azar, Faridpur
nsingh, Natore
re severely aff
l peak in early
taneous and co
na), backwate
eptember 7 an
uting factors t
dwellings des
18 lives lost. R
0), 120 billion B
percentage of
Change Cell
otal
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
has experience
agnitude (e.g.
ation was
r, Feni, Gaiban
e, Nilphamari,
fected. Floodin
y September.
onstant above
r effects result
d September 9
to the devastat
stroyed, 2.5 m
Reported econo
BDT (2.59 billi
f sector losses
, 2009)
er Risk A-8144)
56 051215
ed in
, see
ndha,
,
ng
‐
ting
9 and
ting
million
omic
ion
is
3.2.3.3
The 2004 f
Banglades
reached in
affected by
torrential r
Banglades
areas and
In total, of
dwellings
loss estima
(World Ba
shown in T
(Source:
The 2004 F
floods in Bang
sh in April from
n late July. In t
y the main floo
rain and high
sh, but also flo
some of the m
fficial (MDMR
damaged, 41
ates (in 2004 v
ank, 2004), to 2
Table 23.
Figure 23.
Right Image
Floods
gladesh comme
m monsoonal
otal, 39 out of
ods (e.g., see F
winds over a
ooding in areas
most productiv
R) impacts for t
million people
values) range f
200 billion BDT
. Flood Affect
– BARC; Lef
enced in early
rains. The hig
64 districts an
Figure 24). In m
six‐day period
s not normally
ve agricultural
the year were
e affected (29%
from 1.86 billio
T (3.36 billion
ted Areas fro
ft Image – Inte
y July followin
ghest water lev
nd 36 million p
mid‐Septembe
d, bringing ren
y flooded by th
land. (Disaste
about one mil
% of the popul
on USD (CDP
USD) (Ahmed
Final Repo
om the 1998 F
ernational Vo
ng early floodin
vels and wides
people (25% o
er, a localized
newed floodin
he rivers, inclu
er and Emerge
llion dwelling
lation) and 76
– as of Augus
d, 2006). The p
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
Floods
oluntary Serv
ng in the north
st extent of the
of the total pop
depression ca
ng to many pa
uding Dhaka a
ency Response
gs destroyed, 3
5 lives lost. Re
st 4, 2004), 2.28
percentage of s
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
vices)
hwest districts
e flood was
pulation) were
aused continuo
arts of Central
and other urba
e, 2004)
3.6 million
eported econo
8 billion USD
sector losses is
er Risk A-8144)
57 051215
s of
e
ous
an
omic
s
3.2.3.4
The 2007 f
initially af
following
39 districts
Figure 24.
(So
Inf
The 2007 F
floods in Bang
ffected Nilpha
days, Rangpu
s were inunda
2004 Flood I
Table
ource: CPD-IR
Se
Resi
rastructure (RoadsInd
C
Non‐Crop
Floods
gladesh came i
amari, Lalmon
ur, Gaibandha,
ated up until a
ntensity Base
e 23. Sector-W
RBD Rapid As
ector
idential
s, Railways, Institudustrial
Crop p Agriculture
n two main w
irhat, Kurigra
, Bogra, and Si
about August 6
ed on Water L
Wise 2004 Flo
ssessment of
Percen
(CPD
3
utions) 3
4
2
3
waves. The first
m, Sherpur, Ja
irajgonj distric
6th. The second
Final Repo
Level (Source
ood Damages
f Flood and W
nt of TotalD‐IRBD)
Pe
(Wo
32.5
37.2
4.7
22.2
3.4
t wave comme
amalpur, Sylh
ct were also flo
d wave comm
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
e: CPD-IRBD,
s
World Bank)
ercent of Total orld Bank, 2004)
20.4
35.4
15.6
28.6
enced around
het, and Sunam
ooded, and su
menced on Sept
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
, 2004)
the 24th of Jul
mgonj districts
ubsequently up
tember 5th and
er Risk A-8144)
58 051215
y and
s. In
p to
d
continued
total of 46
affected ab
In total, of
dwellings
billion USD
percentage
up until the 1
districts were
bout 32,000 km
fficial (MDMR
damaged, 10.
D (GOB, 2007)
e of sector loss
Ta
(Sourc
15th of Septemb
e affected to va
m2 of Banglade
R) impacts for t
7 million peop
), although it i
ses is shown in
ble 24. Secto
S
Food anH
Infra
Ed
F
ce: Left Imag
ber when som
arying degrees
esh. (GOB, 200
the year were
ple affected an
is unclear if th
n Table 24.
or-Wise 2007
Sector
nd AgricultureHealth
astructure
ducation
Total
igure 25. 200
e – DMIC/CDM
me new district
s during both
07)
about 66 thou
nd 594 lives los
hese estimates
Flood Damag
Damage Cost(million BDT)
45,296
516
25,178
1,544
72,535
7 Flood Affec
MP, 2007; Rig
Final Repo
ts apart from t
flood waves (
usand dwellin
st. Economic l
include losses
ges (Source:
Percent of Tot
62.4%
0.7%
34.7%
2.1%
100%
cted Areas
ght Image – U
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
the previous 3
(e.g., see Figur
gs destroyed,
losses are estim
s to the residen
GOB, 2007)
tal
UNOSAT, 200
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
9 were floode
re 25). The floo
920 thousand
mated at 1.07
ntial sector; th
07)
er Risk A-8144)
59 051215
d. A
od
d
he
3.3 Ea
Devastatin
Banglades
makers tha
of earthqu
Banglades
system (Ba
supervisio
vulnerable
that a mod
of life and
as the 2013
The impac
shaking, li
reported t
geography
ground sh
2006 Bang
east) the se
Dhaka as a
the Wester
seismic ris
8 On 24 Apri
Banglade
arthquake
ng tropical cyc
sh in recent de
at earthquake
uake hazard in
sh is surround
anglapedia, 20
on, and lack of
e to earthquak
derate to sever
property. In t
3 Savar buildin
ct of earthquak
iquefaction, fir
o cause boat c
y, the main ha
haking hazard
gladesh Nation
eismic hazard
a Seismic Zon
rn United Stat
sk than Dhaka
il 2013, an eight‐sh. The search fo
clones and floo
ecades. This ha
is not a major
n Bangladesh h
ed by regions
014). Inadequa
f enforcement
kes (Ahmed et
re earthquake
the recent past
ng collapse8, m
kes in Banglad
re following e
capsize and dr
zard from ear
in Bangladesh
nal Building C
is considered
e 3 (out of 4), w
tes and Japan.
a.
story commercia
or the dead ended
ods occur freq
as created a fee
r hazard for Ba
has been relati
of high seism
ate detailed de
of building co
al., 2012). In p
in any of the m
t, some buildin
mainly due to
desh can lead t
arthquake, gro
owning death
thquakes is gr
h while Figure
ode. In genera
d to be high. Fo
which is on pa
Other major c
al building collapd on 13 May with
quently in Ban
eling of false s
angladesh (Ch
ively neglected
micity with num
esign drawing
odes and regul
particular, ther
major cities of
ngs have colla
poor design a
to many hazar
ound subsiden
hs), and landsl
round shaking
e 27 shows the
al, for many p
or example, th
ar with well‐k
cities such as S
psed in Savar, a sh a death toll of
Final Repo
ngladesh, but n
security amon
houdhury, 199
d (Benson and
merous active
gs, poor quality
lations have m
re is a growin
f Bangladesh m
apsed in Dhak
and constructio
rds, including
nce, tsunamis,
lides. Primarily
g. Figure 26 ill
e seismic zonin
arts of Bangla
he 1997 Unifor
known seismic
Sylhet and Ch
sub‐district in the1,129. (The Guar
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
no major earth
ng the public a
93). Furthermo
d Clay, 2002). N
faults, includi
y of constructi
made areas in B
ng apprehensio
may result in a
ka city under g
on practices.
g but not limite
, seiches (whic
y due to its low
lustrates the g
ng map of Ban
adesh (in parti
rm Building C
cally active loc
ittagong have
e Greater Dhakardian, 2013)
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
hquake has aff
and some decis
ore, the assessm
Nevertheless,
ing the Dauki
ion, lack of pro
Bangladesh
on in the coun
a devastating l
gravity loads, s
ed to ground
ch have been
w‐lying deltai
general earthq
ngladesh from
cular the north
ode (UBC) rat
cations in part
e even a higher
a Area, the capita
er Risk A-8144)
60 051215
fected
sion
ment
Fault
oper
ntry
loss
such
ic
uake
m the
h and
tes
s of
r
al of
Fig
Figure 27. S
gure 26. Seism
Seismic Zoni
mic Hazard in
ng Map from
n Bangladesh
the 2006 Ban
Final Repo
h (Source: GS
ngladesh Nat
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
SHAP, ASC)
tional Buildin
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
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g Code
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61 051215
3.3.1 H
Publically catalogs ahistorical homogene
catalog for
1. Th
2. Th
3. Th
4. Th
5. Th
6. Th
20
7. Th
8. Th
A
Due to ovewere consCatalogue
the Unitedagencies (historically
established
The existiconsistent
catalogs, tmagnitude
the originDue to lacor Muk – uoriginal mreported in
Note that from the vfrom agenselected foSimilarly,
Historical E
available hisare neither coearthquake ceous catalog for Bangladesh a
he ISC‐GEM Ghe USGS PAGhe EHB Bullethe Internationhe ISC‐GEM Ghe Szeliga et 009 he ISC‐GEM Ghe India Eart
Authority (NDM
erlaps betwee
sidered for the) include datad States Geolo(such as the y, Bangladeshd in 1954.
ing catalogs w. The most obhe magnitude
e (Mw). Magni
al catalogs we
ck of data, othunspecified) wmagnitude unitn the desired M
the ISC Bulletvarious contrincies reportingor each eventhe “preferred
Earthquake
storical earthqomprehensive atalogs were or the entire reare the followi
Global InstrumGER‐CAT cataltin, which covnal Seismologi
Global Histori
al. (2010) Cat
Global Histori
thquake CataMA), which co
n the ISC Bullhe ISC Bulletina from severalogical SurveyIndia Meteor
h has had only
were not origbvious inconsie values assignitude units of ere convertedher magnitude
were taken as ts in the full hMw unit.
tin generally ributing agencig Mw and thost. The originad” parameters
e Informati
quake catalognor fully conuniformly pregion. The dating:
mental Earthqulog which covers the periodcal Centre (ISCcal Earthquakalog of Felt E
cal Earthquakalogue from tovers the perio
letin and othern. Note that l agencies, incly (USGS), the rological Depy one official s
ginally compil
istency is the ned to each evmb (body wav
d to Mw usinge units (ML ‐ loa one‐to‐one chistorical catalo
reports more ties that make
se from more al authors of s available in
on
gs specific tonsistent with rocessed and ta sources con
uake Cataloguvers the periodd from 1960 – 2C) Bulletin, wh
ke Catalogue, wEarthquakes in
ke Archive, wh
the Governmod from 2474 B
r catalogs, onlsome of theseluding the Na
Global Centrpartment andseismic observ
led using thedifference in
vent were convve magnitude)
g empirical gloocal magnitud
conversion to og. Over 60%
than one magn
e up its databprominent agthe magnitu
the PAGER‐C
Final Repo
Bangladesh one another. merged to o
nsidered for th
ue, which coved 1900 – 20082008 hich covers thwhich covers tn India, which
hich covers theent of India BC – 2008 AD
ly the years froe catalogs (e.gational Earthquroid‐Moment‐Tthe Geologic
vatory, which
e same procedmagnitude scverted to a com) and Ms (surfaobal relationshde, mB ‐ broadMw. Table 25of the events
nitude value fase. A more agencies (such ude value areCAT database
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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are limited, a To alleviate obtain a relatihe developmen
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he period fromthe period 100h covers the p
e period 1000 –National Dis
D
om 1904 to 19g., the ISC Bu
quake Informa
Tensor (CMT
cal Survey ofis located in C
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hips derived d‐band body‐w5 illustrates thin the final ca
for each eventappropriate vas the Globale indicted in were selected
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and existing these issues,ively complet
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1900 – 2009
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– 1903 saster Manage
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T) Project, andf India). Note
Chittagong an
hus are not eqmerging the exin this case mo
gnitude) reporby Scordilis (wave magnitu
he disaggregatatalog are orig
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er Risk A-8144)
62 051215
global eight te and hquake
762 to
ement
o 2014 NDMA NEIC), d local e that nd was
qually xisting oment rted in (2006). ude, M tion of ginally
g, each those
t), was tabase. liga et
al. (2010) Furthermo
During thePAGER‐CGlobal Hi
GEM Glob
The final converted selected foparameter
before the
The final mainshock
several dedependen
Figure 28 s≥ 4.0 that occurred iestimated largest ins1950. Coinbeen cause
Catalog, theore, only even
Table 25. D
OriUnit
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
>
T
e merging of tAT catalog, fostorical Earthbal Historical E
catalog was mmagnitude M
or inclusion inrs for any giveground motio
merged catalks and fore/ae‐clustering mt on the input
shows the epioccurred fromin 825 AD neaMw 8.8 earthqstrumented evncidently, this ed by a non‐su
e parameters ts with a repo
isaggregation
iginal t Value
M
0-4.5 4
5-5.0 3
0-5.5 13
5-6.0 22
0-6.5 11
5-7.0 1
> 7.0 0
Total 54
the original caollowed by thquake CatalogEarthquake A
manually corrMw 4.0 or grean the final histoen event in theon instrument
log is de‐clustftershocks. Thmethodologies
parameters an
centers of the m 825 to 2013. ar the presentquake that occvent in the finevent is regarubduction eve
considered rted magnitud
n of Original
mB M
0 1
0 7
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
2 0
2 8
atalogs, the highe EHB Bulletigue, followed
rchive, and fo
rected for duter and epicenorical catalog. e historical cattation period.
tered using thhis de‐clusteris are availablend assumption
5,181 reportedThe oldest ev
t‐day city of Gcurred on Aprnal catalog is trded by the Uent.
are based onde value were
Magnitude U
L MUK Ms
0 1
0 0
0 0
0 25
0 6
1 9
0 5
8 1 46
ghest priority win, followed bd by the Szeligollowed by the
plicate eventsnters within laIn general, sotalog, especiall
he methodolo
ing approache (such as Rns selected.
d earthquakesvent in the daGuwahati, Indril 2, 1762 nearthe Mw 8.6 As
USGS as the lar
Final Repo
n the “Minim
considered.
nits in the Fu
mb M
682 1,
679 7
444 2
31 2
1 1
0 3
0 3
1,837 3,
was given to tby the ISC Buga et al. (2010e NDMA India
s and obviousatitude 16.5 toome level of unly for events p
ogy of Gardnh is used mai
Reasenberg, 19
s in the historiatabase is an edia. The largesr the present‐dssam earthqurgest known i
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
mum Deviati
ull Historical C
Mw Total
,878 2,566
749 1,438
223 680
204 282
113 131
34 45
32 39
233 5,181
the GEM catalulletin, followe
0) Catalog, foa Earthquake C
s errors. Onlyo 31 and longncertainty is toprior to the 19
ner & Knopoffinly for illustr985) and the
ical earthquakestimated Mw st event in theday city of Sittake that occuinstrumented
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
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ion” methodo
Catalog
log, followed bed by the ISCollowed by theCatalogue.
y earthquakesgitude 84 to 96o be expected 900s which occ
f (1974) to idrative purposoutcome is h
ke database wi
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urred on Auguearthquake to
er Risk A-8144)
63 051215
ology.
by the C‐GEM e ISC‐
s with 6.5 are in the curred
dentify ses, as highly
ith Mw
ke that g is an ar. The ust 15, o have
Figure 28. Thhe Historical E
Earthquake D
Database Dev
Final Repo
veloped for th
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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he Banglades
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
h Region
er Risk A-8144)
64 051215
The final Instrumen
catalog, 962,925 are fcatalog is afor events
Figure 2
Table 26 licounts of e100 years, reported wBanglades
records, thBanglades
and 1‐in‐2
historical eantal Earthquak68 are from thefrom the NDM
approximately
of magnitude
29. Cumulativ
ists the numbe
events 50 km w1913 to 2013).within 50 km osh borders is phere is about ash borders; for, respectively.
arthquake catake Catalog, 16e ISC Bulletin,
MA catalog. Coy complete froe 6.0 or greater
ve Number of
(Mw) Great
er of earthquakwithin Bangla Over the last of Bangladesh provided in Figa 1‐in‐50 chancr an Mw 6.0 or
alog includes6 are from the, 1,087 are fromompleteness tiom about 1960r (e.g., see Figu
Events in the
ter than 5.0 (le
kes (both main
adesh borders 100 years, a toborders. A mgure 30. In sumce per year thagreater and an
s 5,181 eventse GEM Histor
m the EHB catime in the cata0 for events of ure 29).
e Final Histor
eft image) an
nshocks and to(both during total of 79 earthagnitude recummary, basedat an Mw 7.0 orn Mw 5.0 or gre
Final Repo
s, of which rical Catalogutalog, 26 are fralog varies formagnitude 5.
rical Earthqua
nd 6.0 (right im
otal events) inthe entire repohquake eventsurrence plot ofd on 100 years r greater eventeater event, th
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
101 are fromue, 58 are fromrom the Szeligr different reg0 or greater, a
ake Database
mage).
n the entire catorted history as with Mw 5.0 of mainshock evof instrument
t will occur 50he annual chan
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er Risk A-8144)
65 051215
Global R‐CAT g, and ral, the ut 1830
tude
ng e last re within
‐in‐9
Figure 30
Table 26
Mw
4.0-4
4.5-5
5.0-5
5.5-6
6.0-6
6.5-7
7.0-7
7.5-8
≥8.0
Tota
. Magnitude R
0.0
0.
Cumulative
Rate
(Per A
nnum)
6. Number of
w Total
Mainshoc
4.5 284
5.0 320
5.5 295
6.0 149
6.5 58
7.0 30
7.5 19
8.0 7
0 9
al 1,171
Recurrence P
1
1
1
4.5 5
Reported Eve
Catalog
ck Total
2,566
1438
680
282
131
45
22
8
9
5,181
Plot of Report
Bangl
5.0 5.5
ents in the Hi
Within 50 kmBanglades
Borders(Entire Reco
Mainshock
38
38
36
21
17
3
5
2
1
161
ted Mainshoc
adesh Borde
6.0
Magnitude (
Final Repo
istorical Earth
m of sh ord)
WitB
(1
Total Main
206 3
106 3
55 2
30 1
20
3
5
2
1
428 1
ck Events from
ers
6.5
(Mw)
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
hquake Datab
thin 50 km of Bangladesh
Borders 1913-2013)
shock Tota
32 198
35 101
29 44
15 23
9 9
1 1
2 2
0 0
0 0
23 378
m 1913 to 20
7.0
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
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base
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13 Within 50
7.5
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66 051215
km of
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Disaster co
major hist
both local
inventory
population
including:
1. A
2. A
3. A
Te
4. A
50
5. B
6. C
Ba
7. D
M
8. EM
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9. EX
10. G
R
11. M
fo
12. N
13. N
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14. PA
15. R
an
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em
16. R
Em
17. SU
M
Earthquake
onsequence da
orical earthqu
and internatio
of reported ea
n and assets in
ADRC: DisasteAKHTER: AkhALI: Ali, H. (19echnology TooAMBRASEYS: 06‐508 ANGLAPEDI
CHOUDHURY
angkok DMIC: The BanManagement anMDAT: The Epidemiology oXPO: the USGGLIDE: The GLeduction CentMARTIN: Mar
or 570 EarthquNEWS: News aNGDC: The Na
arthquake DatAGER: the USRELIEFWEB: Tnd non‐governeports, press remergencies wo
RSOE: Hungar
mergency andULTANA: Su
Mitigation in Ba
e Conseque
atabases of ear
uake events oc
onal. This data
arthquakes eve
n Bangladesh.
er information hter, S.H. (2010998) “Earthquaols for Natura
Ambraseys N
IA: The nationY: Choudhury,
ngladesh Disand Relief Emergency Evof Disasters (CGS EXPO‐CATLobal IDEntifiter (ADRC) rtin, S. and Szeuakes in India articles, such aational Geophtabase and GloSGS PAGER‐CThe online infonmental organeleases, appeaorldwide rian National Ad Disaster Infoltana, S., Rahmangladesh” AR
ence
rthquakes in B
curring in Ban
a was assembl
ents (includin
Data was coll
reports issued0) “Earthquakeake Database aal Disaster RiskN. (2004) “Thre
nal encycloped, J.R. (1993) “S
ster Managem
ents DatabaseCRED) T earthquake cer (GLIDE) nu
eliga, W. (2010from 1636 to 2as those issuedysical Data Ceobal Historica
CAT earthquakormation reponizations, goveals, policy docu
Association oformation Serviman, U., and SRPN Journal o
Bangladesh are
ngladesh has b
led into a data
ng tsunami) wh
lected and pro
d by the Asianes of Dhaka” iand Seismic Zk Managemen
ee little known
dia of BangladSeismicity in B
ment Informati
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atalog umber databas
0) “Electronic S2009” Bulletin d by Reuters, thenter / World Dal Tsunami Dake catalog sitory “ReliefWernments, reseuments, analy
Radio Distresice (EDIS) Saika, U. (2013of Earth Scienc
Final Repo
e limited. As s
been collected
abase and repr
hich have had
ocessed from a
n Disaster Redin Environmen
oning of Bangnt, INCEDE Ren early earthqu
desh Bangladesh” In
ion Center (DM
maintained by t
se, maintained
Supplement ton of the Seismo
the AssociatedData Service (atabase
Web,” which search institutioysis and maps
ss‐Signalling a
3) “Earthquakeces, Vol. 2, No
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
such, consequ
from a large v
resents a comp
d a significant r
a large variety
duction Centernt of Capital Dgladesh”, Inforeport 11, Februuakes in India
ncede Report 5
MIC), Ministry
the Centre for
d by the Asian
o a Catalog of ological Societyd Press, and lo(NGDC/WDS)
scans websites
ons and the mrelated to hum
and Infocomm
e, Cause Susceo. 2, June 2013
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
ence data from
variety of sour
prehensive
reported impa
of sources,
r Dhaka rmation uary 1998, Bana” Current Sci.
5, February 19
y of Disaster
Research on t
n Disaster
Felt Intensity y of America
cal agencies ) Significant
s of internationmedia for news
manitarian
munications (R
eptibility and R
er Risk A-8144)
67 051215
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act on
ngkok ., 86,
993,
the
Data
nal s,
RSOE)
Risk
18. U
in
19. U
20. W
Table 27 p
contains in
correspond
discussed.
In summa
buildings
consequen
significant
data gaps
consequen
it is noted
Furthermo
The earthq
in 1997, 19
detail in th
Year Date
1548 N/A
1642 N/A
1664 N/A
1762 4/2
1812 N/A
1822 4/3
1842 11/11
1846 10/18
1865 12/15
1869 1/10
1885 7/14
9 Note that t
than 50; ““LIMITED
million (a
USGS: the USGnformation issuUTSU: The UtsWIKIPEDIA: R
presents the ev
nformation for
ding ID which
. Table 28 pres
ry, earthquake
damaged/dest
nce informatio
t events in the
in available ea
nce informatio
that many mo
ore, these num
quakes of 1762
999, and 2003 h
he next section
Latitude Longitude M
N/A N/A N
N/A N/A N
25 90 7
20 93.5 8
N/A N/A N
24.32 90.72 7
24 90 6
25.07 90.37 6
22.3 91.05 6
25.5 93 7
24.91 89.43 7
the raw datasets “ SOME” = 50 to 1D” = less than 1 approximately re
GS Significant ued by the USsu Catalog of DReports and in
vent‐by‐event s
r 36 earthquak
h can be joined
sents a decada
e events in Ban
troyed, and ov
on is occasiona
earthquake co
arthquake con
on. Also, these
oderate earthq
mbers do not ac
2, 1897, and 19
have caused so
n.
Table
Mw Tsunami Building
Damaged/De
N/A
N/A FEW
7.7
8.8 Yes VERY MA
N/A FEW
7.1
6.7 Yes
6.2 MANY
6.8 FEW
7.3
7.1
occasionally give100; “ MANY” = million; “ MODE
lated to current U
Earthquakes oSGS Damaging Earnformation coll
summary of th
ke events span
d with the eve
al summary of
ngladesh have
ver 89 million
ally reported w
onsequence da
nsequence reco
numbers may
quakes in and
ccount for tren
918 are noted a
ome damage,
27. Earthqua
gs stroyed Source People
Injured
BANGLAPEDIA
ANY AKHTER
AKHTER
Y AKHTER SOME
AKHTER
e qualitative des100 to 1,000; anERATE” = 1 to 5 USD values).
of the World d
rthquakes in thlected from W
he consequenc
nning from 154
nt parameters
the consequen
e reportedly re
USD in dama
with qualitativ
atabase are sh
ords, and man
y not reflect th
around Bangl
nding and cor
as particularly
albeit to a min
ake Conseque
SourceLife
LossSource
500 AKHTER
AKHTER
0 BANGLAPEDIA
56 MARTIN
criptors of consed “VERY MANY
million; “SEVER
Final Repo
database, as w
he World Wikipedia
ce database of
48 to 2011. Mo
s in historical e
nce database.
esulted in abo
ages since 1900
ve descriptors)
hown in Figure
ny known larg
he accumulatio
ladesh do not
rrespond to ye
y damaging ev
nor extent. Th
ence Databas
Damage Source
EXTREME AKHTER
SEVERE BANGLAPEDIA
SEVERE BANGLAPEDIA
EXTREME WIKIPEDIA
SEVERE AKHTER
LIMITED NGDC
MODERATE AKHTER
LIMITED UTSU
A SEVERE CHOUDHURY
SEVERE AKHTER
equence. Based oY” = over 1,000. SRE” 5 to 25 millio
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
well as reports,
f earthquake e
ost of the even
earthquake da
out 129 lives lo
0 (note that the
). The epicente
e 31. In genera
ge events are m
on of effects of
have reported
ear‐of estimate
vents. More re
ese events are
se9
Sylhet and Chittagong wof the earthquake and
AMore severe damage oc
were cracked buA Considerable damag
A very destructive andBengal, Arakan, etc., mos
east coast of the Bay reported that no build
escaped either desThe earthquake proved jolted Dhaka violently a
and several Strong shaking felt in Dhawith severe damage rep
A major earthquake including Dhaka; the m
fr
Buildings were destroyMy
No seriousKnown as the Cachar Edamage occurred only i
Caused considerable dampossibly more severe
Myme
on NGDC definitSimilarly, for damon; and “EXTRE
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
event posters
vents. The dat
nts have a
atabase previo
ost, over 1,850
ese are estima
ers of the most
al, there are se
missing
f smaller even
d consequence
es.
cently, earthqu
e discussed in
Notes
were violently shaken; the ded the damage are not availabccurred in Sylhet district. Builut there was no loss of life. ge to settlements in Bangalad violent earthquake felt all ost severely in the north part of Bengal; in Chittagong it wdings or walls built of brick hstruction or serious damage.
violent in Sylhet; the earthqnd damaged a number of hobuildings at Tejgoan. aka and other parts of Banglorts coming in from Mymens
felt over most of Bangladeshmaximum damage was reporrom Pabna. yed in Muktagacha, Sherpur, ymensinghd. s damage occurred. arthquake; in Bangladesh, min the eastern parts of the Sydistrict.
mage in Sirajganj‐Bogra regioe damage in Jarnalpur‐Sherpuensingh region.
tions, “FEW” = lemage estimates EME” = more tha
er Risk A-8144)
68 051215
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tabase
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ates as
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nts as
e data.
uakes
more
etails ble. dings
. over of the
was had
uake ouses
adesh singh. h, rted
and
major ylhet
on and ur‐
ess
an 25
Year Date
1897 6/12
1918 7/8
1923 9/9
1930 7/2
1934 1/15
1950 8/15
1977 5/12
1988 2/6
1988 8/6
1988 8/20
1989 6/12
1997 5/8
1997 11/21
1999 7/22
2000 1/3
2001 12/19
2002 6/20
2003 7/26
2004 12/26
2006 2/14
2007 11/7
2008 1/12
2008 7/26
2010 9/10 2011 9/18
Latitude Longitude M
25.5 91 8
24.599 90.853 7
24.937 90.721 6
25.929 90.177 7
25.58 26.885 8
34.65 28.363 8
21.707 92.908 5
24.703 91.579 5
25.049 95.16 7
26.712 86.627 6
21.936 89.773 5
24.976 92.28 5
22.342 92.7 6
21.658 91.933 5
22.223 92.821 4
23.632 90.376 4
25.998 88.931 4
22.867 92.238 5
3.295 95.982 9
27.382 88.388 5
22.15 92.388 5
22.823 92.291 4
24.827 90.451 5
23.4743 90.6689 5
27.73 88.155 6
Mw Tsunami Building
Damaged/De
8.0 VERY MA
7.2
6.8
7.1
8.0
8.6
5.9
5.8
7.2
6.9
5.8
5.9 SOME
6.1 FEW
5.5 700
4.8 100
4.9 SOME
4.9 SOME
5.6 500
9.0 Yes
5.3
5.5 FEW
4.9 SOME
5.1
5.1 6.9 FEW
gs stroyed Source People
Injured
ANY AKHTER
MANY
SOME
100
30
100
E USGS SOME
WIKIPEDIA 200
NGDC 200
NGDC
E NGDC 100
E NGDC 55
NGDC 32
11
RSOE 10
E NGDC
25
NEWS 1
SourceLife
LossSource
560 BANGLAPEDIA
Y MARTIN 9 MARTIN
50 PAGER
1 MARTIN
USGS
NGDC 2 NGDC
USGS
32 MARTIN
UTSU 1 NGDC
UTSU 0 UTSU
NGDC 23 NGDC
NGDC 6 EMDAT
NGDC 0 UTSU
NGDC 0 UTSU
MARTIN 3 MARTIN
2 USGS
MARTIN
NGDC 0 UTSU
USGS 0 UTSU
NEWS
Final Repo
Damage Source
A EXTREME CHOUDHURY
MODERATE NGDC
LIMITED UTSU
SEVERE NGDC
LIMITED CHOUDHURY
LIMITED CHOUDHURY
LIMITED USGS
MODERATE NGDC
LIMITED AKHTER
LIMITED MARTIN
MODERATE NGDC
LIMITED UTSU
MODERATE UTSU
SEVERE NGDC
LIMITED NGDC
LIMITED NGDC
LIMITED NGDC
MODERATE NGDC
LIMITED USGS
LIMITED NGDC
LIMITED NGDC
LIMITED UTSU
LIMITED NGDC LIMITED USGS
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
Great Indian Earthquanorthern, central and
caused serious damage ain Sylhet town whe
Intense damage occurrebuildings i
The earthquake causedand was felt
Known as the Dhubri Eaonly in the eastern partwas killed at Bishalputhough serious at place
Lalmonirhat,
Known as the Bihar EartBihar, Nepal and Uttar P
of Bangladesh wKnown as the Assam Ethroughout Banglades
water bodies in Dhaka re
Slight damage and some
many buildings in Chnumerous people were
Two people killed at leaS
The earthquake was wid
The earthquake was wiSeismic seiches were Bangladesh that capsizferry on the Jamuna RBangladesh killing two
One person killed, at leain the B
Several people injurebuild
The 1997 Chittagong eaearthquake; 23 people building collapsed in H
damaged at AlikadNakhy
Six people killed, over 2damaged or destroye
damage
At least 100 home
At the Dhaka Central Jaistampede; a few older
repor
Fifty people injured aThakurgaon and some b
A
Known as the Borkol earand nearly thirty‐two inarea of Chittagong Div
reported from Aimacha
and Rangamati while buChittagong, Cox“s BazSonadia; in ChittagonModunaghat Grid Sub
power supply; subsidenwas observ
Known as the Suma
generated devastatingcoasts of most landmass
Bangladesh, two childrecapsized in surging wav
B
In Bangladesh, 11 peopstampedes at Gaibandhin ponds and other wate
in Ten people injured in C
damage occurred aR
Some buildingsAt least 25 students a
injured, some seriouslyfloors of dSlight dam
Minor damage to
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
Notes
ake; produced severe damage
d eastern parts of Bangladesand collapse to masonry builre the death toll rose to 545d in Srimangal; caused dama
n Dhaka and Sylhet. d heavy damage at Mymensi
t all over Bangladesh. arthquake; caused major damts of Rangpur district; one per; damage was not widesprees such as Cooch Behar, Dhu, Nilphamari and Tura. thquake; caused great dama
Pradesh but did not affect anyith any degree of severity. Earthquake; the tremor was fsh but no damage was reportemained in a state of agitatioan hour.
e injuries in southeast Banglaittagong developed cracks aninjured, some after jumping buildings. st 100 injured and damage inylhet area. dely felt in Bangladesh with mdamage. idely felt in much of Bangladreported from several parts zed numerous boats includiniver at Aricha near Manikgan
people and leaving nearly thmissing.
ast 100 injured and minor daBanaripara area. ed and some damage to oldedings at Sylhet. rthquake, or the 1997 Bandawere killed when a 5‐storey amgerbagh, Chittagong; Houdam, Bandarban, Lama and yaungcharipara, 00 injured, and about 700 hod on Maheshkhali Island; some at Cox's Bazaar. es damaged at Maheshkhali.
il, 100 prisoners were injuredbuildings in old Dhaka city wrted damaged. at Rangpur, 5 people injured uildings damaged at RangpuAlmanagar. rthquake; three people were njured in the Barkhol‐Rangamvision, Bangladesh; damage wra, Barkhol, Boroharina, Lanuildings developed cracks a fzaar, Moheskhali, Kutubdia ang, a small fire occurred at thb‐station temporarily disruptce was reported and liquefaved near Kolabonia. tra Earthquake and Tsunami
g tsunamis that struck along ses bordering the Indian Oceen were killed after a tourist ves; minimal damage observeangladesh. ple were injured in quake‐relaha; seismic seiches were obseer bodies at Dinajpur and RanBangladesh. Chittagong Hill Tracts and mi
t Bandarban, Chittagong andRangamati. s damaged at Rangamati. at Dhaka Dhaka University wey, after jumping out of the updormitories in panic. age at Narayanganj. several buildings in Dhaka.
er Risk A-8144)
69 051215
e in h; ldings . age to
ingh
mage erson ead ubri,
ge in y part
felt ted; on for
adesh; nd from
n the
minor
esh. of
ng a nj in hirty
mage
er
arban RCC uses
omes me
d in a were
at ur and
killed mati was gadu far as and he ing ction
i; the an; in boat ed in
ated erved ngpur
inor d
ere pper
Figure
Table
Decade
Pre‐1900s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Total
e 31. The Epi
28. Decadal
Number of Events
E
D
12 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 1 4 3 9 2 36
centers of So
Summary of
Estimated Dwellin
Damaged/Destroy
> 3,050
850
950
50
> 4,900
ome Significa
the Earthqua
ngs
yed Estimate
People Inju100
1,000
100
230
500
233
1
2164
ant Events in
Final Repo
ake Conseque
ed
ured Estimate
Life Loss1,116
9
50
1
35
29
5
1,245
the Earthqua
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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ence Databas
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s Estimated D
(million > 207
5 1 26
1 1 12 31 12 2
> 298
ake Conseque
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3.3.3 S
3.3.3.1
The 1762 Amoment mIntensity (triggered aliquefactio
had escapekilled. At Dboats. (NG
3.3.3.2
The 1897 A
an estimat
buildings
tremor wa
Mymensin
damage w
Loss of life
suffered se
property w
Significant
The 1762 A
Arakan earthqmagnitude of 8MMI) scale. Ta local tsunamon effects suched either destrDhaka, rivers GDC, 2014; Ak
The 1897 A
Arakan Earthq
ted moment m
in Sylhet whe
as felt through
ngh, many pub
was reported fo
e was not high
evere ground
was heavy and
and Recen
Arakan Ea
quake occurred8.8 and a maxi
The earthquakemi in the Bay oh as sand volcaruction or seriand water bod
khter, 2010)
Arakan Ea
quake (also kn
magnitude of 8
re the death to
hout Bengal, fr
blic buildings
or the bridges
h, but the repo
shaking, espe
d in Tippera, m
nt Earthqu
rthquake
d along the noimum estimate
e was associatf Bengal. Chittanoes and grouious damage. Adies were agit
rthquake
nown as the Gr
8.0 (e.g., see Fig
oll rose to 545,
om the south
were damage
on the Dhaka
orted loss of pr
cially on the e
masonry build
ake Events
orth‐eastern coed intensity ofed with major
tagong was saund fissures, aAt Bar Chara, tated due to se
reat India Eart
gure 32). The e
, mostly due to
Lushai Hills o
ed and very few
‐Mymensingh
roperty was es
eastern side, an
dings and old t
Final Repo
s
oast of the Bayf XI (extreme) r areas of bothaid to have “suand that no bujust north of Ceiches, resultin
thquake), occu
event caused s
o the collapse
on the east to S
w two‐storied
h railway and
stimated at fiv
nd 15 persons
temples were
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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y of Bengal wit
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Cox s Bazar, 2ng in deaths fr
urred in the Sh
serious damag
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71 051215
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3.3.3.3
The 1918 S
7.2 (e.g., se
and factor
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strong gro
destroyed
gure 32. Histo
The 1918 S
Srimangal Eart
ee Figure 33).
ries and killed
Moulavi Baza
ound shaking t
. (Sarker et al.,
oric ShakeMa
Srimangal
thquake occur
The event dam
at least two p
ar, Habiganj, B
that resulted in
, 2010)
ap of the 1897
Earthquak
rred in the nor
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Brahmanbaria,
n many house
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ke
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royed many b
2001). Structur
Kishoreganj,
es being displa
Final Repo
thquake (Sou
of Bangladesh
brick buildings
ral damage wa
and Agartala
aced off their f
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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ment magnitud
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72 051215
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thousand
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3.3.3.4
The 1997 C
Banglades
and 200 w
Banglades
al. (2010) perfo
rs of the 1918 S
ure repeat of th
deaths, more t
fire stations, o
design in the
Figure 3
The 1997 C
Chittagong ear
sh‐India‐Myan
were injured wh
sh, more than
ormed a comp
Srimangal Ear
he 1918 Sriman
than 25 thousa
ordinary build
city.
33. Seismic In
Chittagong
rthquake, also
nmar border re
hen a five‐stor
100 km away
rehensive eart
thquake as a s
ngal Earthqua
and injuries an
dings, and brid
ntensity Distr
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g Earthqua
o known as the
egion with a m
ry reinforced c
(see Figure 34
thquake loss a
scenario event
ake would be c
nd a total econ
dges would su
ribution of the
ce: Sabri, 200
ake
e Bandarban e
moment magn
concrete frame
4) (Akhter, 201
Final Repo
assessment for
t. The results o
catastrophic, p
nomic loss of a
uffer significan
e 1918 Srima
01)
earthquake, oc
nitude of 6.1. T
e building coll
10; USGS, 2014
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
r the Sylhet Ci
of the loss asse
possibly result
about 220 mill
nt damage due
ngal Earthqu
ccurred on No
Twenty‐three p
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73 051215
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illed
Figur
3.3.3.5
A moment
According
destroyed
3.3.3.6
A moment
upazila, R
homes we
Barkhol, B
Moheskha
temporaril
Szeliga, 20
re 34. Five-sto
The 1999 M
t magnitude 5
g to USGS repo
on Maheshkh
The 2003 B
t magnitude 5
angamati dist
re damaged in
Boroharina, La
ali, Kutubdia a
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ory Reinforce
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orts, six peopl
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Sadek; 2006; N
ed Concrete F
ong Earthquak
ali Island E
occurred in th
e were killed,
me damage w
rthquake
occurred on J
Figure 35). Thr
and the Chitta
angamati whil
n Chittagong,
y. Subsidence a
NGDC, 2014)
Frame Buildin
ke (Source: A
Earthquake
he southeast r
over 200 were
was also reporte
July 26 (UTC t
ree people wer
agong Hill Tra
le buildings de
a small fire oc
and liquefactio
Final Repo
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Al-Hussaini, 2
e
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re killed, thirt
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ccurred at the
on was observ
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gladesh on July
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74 051215
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Figure 35. U
SGS ShakeM
Map of the 200
Final Repo
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75 051215
Figure 36. Brick Mason
ry Damage in
(Source: A
n Kolabunia a
Al-Hussaini,
Final Repo
after the 2003
2011)
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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3 Borkol Earth
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In addition
to severe s
of severe n
early June
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3.4.1 H
Overall, th
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occurrence
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newspape
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During thi
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n to weather r
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nor’westers us
. Nor’westers
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10)
Historical S
he frequency o
mane et al., 201
e is generally w
ntial perceptio
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onth of April is
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are typically l
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are generally
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Severe Sto
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0). The majori
well distribute
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o (2001) claims
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period (1967 to
slates to about
ttributable to t
s the highest (3
ds such as trop
local thunders
a maximum in
associated wi
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xceed 100 km/h
rm Informa
ms in Banglade
ity of severe st
ed throughout
g tornadoes ca
s that Banglad
rnadoes per ye
o 1996), Ono d
t 179 deaths p
tornadic activi
36 percent of a
ical cyclones a
storms known
n April, but th
th squalls (str
ster is typicall
hr. The durati
ation
esh is high, wi
torms have be
t the country (
an spawn durin
desh experienc
ear. Figure 38
etermined the
er year. It is n
ity. Based on O
all activity).
Final Repo
and floods, Ba
n as nor’wester
hey are known
ong winds), to
ly 40‐60 km/hr
ion of the storm
ith an average
een reported in
(e.g., see Figur
ng severe stor
ced 191 tornad
plots the regio
ere were 5,373
noted that no o
Ono’s study, th
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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angladesh is fr
rs or kal‐baisha
n to occur from
orrential rain,
r, but in excep
m is generally
e of over 150 ev
n central Bang
re 37). In addit
rms. Based on
does between 1
onal reported
tornado death
other country i
he average nu
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
requently expo
akhi. The frequ
m late Februar
tornadoes, ha
ptional
y less than an h
vents estimate
gladesh, althou
tion to high w
a review of
1967 and 1996,
tornado frequ
hs reported in
in the world h
umber of torna
er Risk A-8144)
77 051215
osed
uency
ry to
ail,
hour.
ed per
ugh
winds
,
uency.
n
has
adoes
Figure 37
Figure 38
. Geographic
8. The Distrib
cal Distributio
an
ution of the A
betw
on of 2,324 Se
nd 2005 (Sour
Average Torn
een 1967 and
evere Local C
rce: Yamane e
nado Occurre
d 1996 (Sourc
Final Repo
Convective St
et al., 2010)
nce per 10,00
ce: Ono, 2001
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
torms in Bang
00 Square Mi
1)
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
gladesh from
les in Bangla
er Risk A-8144)
78 051215
m 1990
adesh
3.4.2 S
Disaster co
major hist
both local
reported s
population
including:
1. B
Fe
2. D
3. D
M
4. EM
Ep
5. FI
ht
6. G
7. O
8. PA
C
16
U
9. U
10. U
Since 1951
Of these, t
and 1989.
tornado th
Banglades
thundersto
Banglades
population
damage is
of 50 milli
section.
Severe Stor
onsequence da
orical severe s
and internatio
severe storm ev
n and assets in
DRCS: Data aederation of RDER: Data andDMIC: The BanManagement anMDAT: The Epidemiology oINCH: Finch Jttp://banglade
GOB: Data andOCHA: Data anAUL: Paul, B.K
Case for Introd69, Natural Ha
University of CUNDHA: Data UNDRO: Data
1, at least twen
three events ha
The event in 1
hat occurred in
sh s history wi
orms accompa
sh, which affec
n relative to tr
a tornado tha
on USD. More
rm Conseq
atabases of sev
storm events o
onal. This data
vents (includi
n Bangladesh.
and reports froRed Cross and d reports fromngladesh Disand Relief Emergency Evof Disasters (CJ.D. and Dewa
eshtornadoes.o
d reports from nd reports fromK. and Bhuiyaucing Tornadoazards ResearcColorado at Bouand reports frand reports fr
nty severe stor
ave reportedly
1989, also know
n the Manikga
th around 1,30
anied by hailst
cted 750,000 pe
ropical cyclone
at struck Mada
e details on the
quence
vere storms in
occurring in Ba
a was assembl
ng tornadoes)
Data was coll
om the BanglaRed Crescent
m the Disaster aster Managem
ents DatabaseCRED) an, A.M. (2004org/climo/btor
the Governmm the United an, R.H. (2004)o Forecasting ch and Appliculder rom the Uniterom the United
m events in B
y caused 1,000
wn as the Dau
anj District on
00 lives lost. T
torm and rain
eople. Most ev
es and floods.
aripur and Far
e 1989 and the
n Bangladesh a
angladesh has
led into a data
) which have h
lected and pro
adesh Red CreSocieties (IFRand Emergenc
ment Informati
e (EMDAT), m
4) “Tornados inrcli0.htm
ment of BangladNations Office) The April 20and Warning cations Inform
d Nations Depd Nations Dis
angladesh hav
0 or more lives
ulatpur–Saturi
April 26 and i
The most sever
on 7 and 8 Jan
vents are very
The most seve
ridpur on Apr
e 2004 tornado
Final Repo
are limited. As
s been collecte
abase and repr
had a significa
ocessed from a
escent Society RC) cy Response (Dion Center (DM
maintained by t
n Bangladesh
desh e for the Coor004 Tornado inSystems Qui
mation Center,
partment of Hsaster Relief O
ve resulted in
s lost, includin
ia tornado, wa
is considered o
re event in term
nuary 1993 in
y localized and
ere event in te
ril 1, 1977, with
o in Banglades
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
s such, conseq
ed from a large
resents an inve
ant reported im
a large variety
(BDRCS) and
DER) Group SMIC), Ministry
the Centre for
and East Indi
rdination of Hu
n North‐Centrick Response RInstitute of Be
Humanitarian AOrganisation
100 or more re
ng the tornado
as an extremely
one of the dea
ms of people a
the northern r
d thus affect sm
erms of report
h a reported e
sh are presente
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
quence data fro
e variety of sou
entory of majo
mpact on
of sources,
the Internatio
Secretariat y of Disaster
Research on t
a”,
umanitarian Aral BangladeshResearch Repoehavioral Scien
Affairs
eported lives l
oes in 1964, 197
y destructive
adliest tornado
affected was
region of
maller amount
ted economic
stimated dam
ed in the next
er Risk A-8144)
79 051215
om
urces,
or
onal
the
Affairs h: A ort nce,
lost.
73,
os in
ts of
mage
D
5/12
3/19
4/12
4/11
4/14
1/4
4/29
4/12
4/17
4/10
4/11
5/9
4/1
4/2
4/16
4/12
4/17
4/14
4/26
1/12
3/28
4/12
5/13
3/26
4/21
5/4
4/14
3/21
3/4
3/22
Date Location
2/1951 Faridpur 9/1961 Faridpur, Dhak2/1964 Narail, Jessore1/1968 Madaripur, Farid4/1969 Dhaka, Comill
/1972 Mymensingh
9/1972 Barishal 2/1973 Baliakandi, Farid7/1973 Manikganj 0/1974 Faridpur 1/1974 Bogra /1976 Dhamgarh (near D/1977 Madaripur, Farid/1977 Gopalganj, Farid6/1978 Mymensingh
2/1981 Feni
7/1981 Kapundi, Erandi, DhRengalbeda
4/1986 Gopalganj, Piroj6/1989 Manikganj, Dhaka, T
2/1993 Bogra, Noagaon, SunSylhet, Tangail, Jam
8/1994 Mymensingh, Chitt
2/1995 Chittagong, Mada
Munshiganj, Dhaka, Co3/1996 Tangail, Jamalp
6/1999 Panchagarh 1/2000 Netrokona, Rang/2003 Brahmanbaria, Nay4/2004 Mymensingh
1/2005 Gaibandha, Rang/2006 Bagerhat, Khul2/2013 Brahmanbaria, Naogao
Table
Buildings Damaged/Destroye
ka e dpur a
dpur
haka) dpur pur
anbeni,
pur Tangail amganj,
malpur 10,000
tagong ripur, ox's Bazar 3,500
pur 36,420
gpur yabadi 5,145 gpur na 1,070 on, Natore 8,845
29. Notable Seve
ed Source Lives Lost
200 210 1,400 141 923 200 300 200 1,000
100 1 623 111 150 200
120
100 1,300
UNDHA 31
40
UNDHA 100
GOB 700 2 20 23
PAUL 111 79
BDRCS 4 DMIC 38
ere Storm Conse
Source People Injured
FINCH FINCH FINCH FINCH 1,045 FINCH 15,530 EMDAT FINCH FINCH FINCH
FINCH EMDAT PAUL PAUL PAUL FINCH
FINCH EMDAT FINCH
EMDAT EMDAT
UNDHA 1,600
FINCH 37,248 EMDAT 60 EMDAT 300 EMDAT PAUL 1,500 EMDAT 1,500 EMDAT 549 DMIC 414
Final Report on CaFinanc
quence Database
Source People Affected
EMDAT 15,093 EMDAT 160,000
25,000
50,000
10,000
13,000 102,000
750,000
UNDHA 51,500
GOB 98,550 FINCH 100,000 OCHA 62,800
400 PAUL 13,000 DER 40,000
BDRCS 5,899 DMIC 35,930
apacity Building for Disce in Bangladesh (ADB
SF13-1049 FINAL R
e
Source Estimated Damage
(Million USD)
0.25 EMDAT 1.5 EMDAT 8.329 EMDAT
EMDAT
0.201 EMDAT 50
EMDAT EMDAT 16.2
EMDAT 2.5
EMDAT GOB
EMDAT EMDAT EMDAT EMDAT DER
EMDAT DMIC 20
saster Risk B TA-8144)
80 REP 051215
Source EMDAT DisNo
1951‐0036 N/A
EMDAT 1964‐0024 EMDAT 1968‐0040 EMDAT 1969‐0065
1972‐0026 N/A
1973‐0023 1973‐0125
N/A N/A
EMDAT 1976‐0133 EMDAT 1977‐0054
N/A N/A N/A
N/A
1986‐0050 EMDAT 1989‐0016
1993‐0001
EMDAT 1994‐0087
1995‐0051
1996‐0086 1999‐0115 2000‐0211 2003‐0211 2004‐0166 2005‐0130 2006‐0146
EMDAT 2013‐0085
3.4.3 S
3.4.3.1
The Daula
Banglades
killed arou
the cities o
and eventu
uprooted a
destroyed
miles long
(Cerveny,
3.4.3.2
On the eve
(Mymensi
and compl
formed aro
for about 2
tornado ha
discontinu
minutes at
tornado ex
Significant
The 1989 D
atpur–Saturia t
sh on April 26,
und 1,300 peop
of Daulatpur a
ually northeas
and almost ev
. The tornado
g. Approximat
2005; Finch an
The April 2
ening of April
ingh and Netro
letely destroyi
ound 6:30 p.m
25 miles, and b
ad a speed of
uously, in a sk
t any given loc
xperienced an
and Recen
Daulatpur–
tornado was a
, 1989. There is
ple, which wo
and Saturia the
st and into Sat
very dwelling w
was estimated
tely 80,000 peo
nd Dewan, 200
2004 Torna
l 14, 2004, a de
okona) of Ban
ing 3,400 hom
m. near Haluag
broke up at 7:3
100 miles per
ipping manne
cation. Based o
average loss o
nt Severe S
–Saturia To
an extremely d
s great uncerta
ould make it th
e most (includ
turia. Damage
within a six sq
d to be approx
ople were left h
04)
ado in Nor
evastating torn
ngladesh, killin
mes. According
ghat Upazilla i
30 p.m. near N
hour with an
er, over rural a
on survey dat
of 60,000 BDT
Storm Eve
ornado
destructive tor
ainty about th
he deadliest to
ding poor area
was extensive
quare kilomete
ximately one m
homeless by th
rth-Central
nado swept ov
ng at least 111
g to the Meteor
in the Mymen
Netrokona Sad
average width
areas of north‐
a after the eve
(about 1,000 U
Final Repo
nts
rnado that occu
he death toll, b
ornado in glob
as and slums),
e over the area
er area of the t
mile wide, and
he storm, and
Banglade
ver 38 villages
people, seriou
rological Depa
nsingh district,
dar Upazilla in
h of about half
‐central Bangla
ent, responden
USD). (Paul an
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
urred in the M
but estimates in
bal history. The
moving east t
a, as countless
tornado’s path
d had a path th
d 12,000 people
esh
in two north‐
usly injuring m
artment in Dh
, moved in a so
n the Netrokon
f a mile. It trav
adesh, lasting
nt households
nd Bhuiyan, 20
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
Manikganj Dist
ndicate that it
e tornado affe
through Daula
s trees were
h was complet
hat was about
e were injured
‐central distric
more than 1,50
haka, the torna
outheast direc
na district. Thi
veled
g no more than
affected by th
004)
er Risk A-8144)
81 051215
trict,
t
ected
atpur
tely
50
d.
cts
00,
ado
ction
is
n five
he
3.5 Ot
Other thanhazards. OTable 30 lireported e
Y
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
T
her Natura
n tropical cycloOf these, drougists the reporteeconomic cons
Table 30. Co
Year Number oEvents
1974 1 1979 1 1983 1 1989 1 1990 1991 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2007 2008 2009 1 2010 2011 2012 Total 5
al Perils
one, flood, earght, extreme teed consequencsequence from
onsequence D
Drought of Lives
Lost P
Af
18 2
20,0
5,0
18 25,0
rthquake, andemperature, ace from these p
m EMDAT is no
Database of D
(Sou
eople
ffected Numb
Even
2,000 000,000
000,000 2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
002,000 22
severe storm,
nd landslides perils as reporot available fo
Drought, Extre
urce: EMDAT)
Extreme Tempera
ber ofnts
Lives
Lost
2 170
2 117
1 182
1 29
1 120
1 200
1 33
1 120
1 49
1 6
1 700
2 215
2 100
1 130
1 135
2 62
1 72
2 2,440
Final Repo
, Bangladesh iare among thrted by the EMr any of these
eme Tempera
)
ature
People
Affected Nu
E
34,000
2,000
50,000
200
1,000
100,000
50,000
102,000
75,000
414,200
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
is exposed to ohe most signifiMDAT databasevents.
ature, and La
Landslid
umber ofEvents
Lives Lost
1 13
1 66 1 17
3 96
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
other natural cantly reportese; note that
ndslides
e People
Affected
50
55,230
55,280
er Risk A-8144)
82 051215
ed.
4 Eco
This sectiohazards) thextracted fresearch operformed
Banglades
later sectio
4.1 T
The report
zoomed‐in
tropical cy
Bengal and
events rea
strength (p
this period
listed in T
assessmen
data. Note
storms tha
economic
metrics. Fo
formula:
Where:
α = a facto
β = a facto
C = the ave
This appro
Needs Ass
Banglades
based on t
onomic
on presents a dhat occurred ifrom the histof disaster repod primarily to sh and provideon.
Tropical Cy
ted tropical cy
n view over Ba
yclone databas
d 14 of these m
ched hurrican
peak sustained
d are shown in
able 32. The p
nt of available
e that only 9 of
at did not mak
loss per event
or example, th
r that account
r that account
erage replacem
oach is based o
sessment for D
sh. Based on th
taking 30 perce
Impact
detailed assessin Bangladesh orical informat
orts and publidetermine a ce input to the f
yclone
yclone activity
angladesh is sh
se previously d
made landfall
ne strength (pe
d winds of 34
n Table 31. Pre
referred data
information. F
f the 14 landfa
ke direct landf
t. When report
he total econom
ts for the total
s for the relati
ment cost of a
on information
Disaster Recov
his report, the
ent of the estim
of Majo
sment of majo
from 2000 to tion and consecally availableomprehensive
funding gap a
y in the Bay of
hown in Figur
discussed. Ov
in Bangladesh
eak sustained w
knots or great
eferred conseq
is considered
For example, g
alling storms h
all were repor
ted losses are n
mic loss is infe
∗ ∗economic loss
ive loss due to
dwelling
n presented in
very and Recon
average repla
mated average
r Disast
r disaster eventhe end of 201equence databe publications.e view of the eanalysis. The fu
Bengal from 2
re 40. Track in
erall, 96 tropic
h over these 14
winds of 64 kn
ter). The summ
quence data of
the most relia
government re
have associated
rted to cause d
not available,
erred from rep
_s relative to th
o partially dam
n the “Cyclone
nstruction” rep
acement cost o
e cost of a Sem
Final Repo
ters Sinc
nts (in particu13. Information
ases described. A detailed aseconomic impa
funding gap an
2000 to end of
nformation is e
cal cyclone ev
4 years. Of the
nots or greater
mary of the ev
f significant ev
able based on t
eports are typi
d reported con
damage. Table
loss estimates
ported dwellin
∗he loss from dw
maged dwellin
e Sidr in Bangl
port prepared
of a typical dw
mi‐Pucca dwel
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ce 2000
ular, suddenly n from recent d above, alongssessment of ract of recent dnalysis will be
2013 is shown
extracted from
ents occurred
ese 14 landfalli
r), and ten rea
vents that mad
vents during th
the data sourc
ically selected
nsequence dat
e 32 includes e
s are inferred f
ng damage usi
_welling damag
ngs
ladesh ‐ Dama
d by the Gover
welling is estim
lling (at 100,00
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
onset natural events was g with further recent events idisaster eventse discussed in
n in Figure 39
m the historical
in the Bay of
ing events, thr
ached tropical
de landfall dur
his time period
ce and an
d as the preferr
ta. In addition
estimates of the
from other rep
ing the followi
ge
age, Loss and
rnment of
mated at 44,000
00 BDT) and 70
er Risk A-8144)
83 051215
s s in a
and a
l
ree
storm
ring
d are
red
n, two
e total
ported
ing
0 BDT,
0
percent of
were estim
damage (4
(115,569 m
reported v
For this eq
Table 31
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Table
IBTrACS ID
2000300N14093
2002314N12083
2003206N21089
2004136N15090
2007133N15091
2007314N10093
2008298N16085
2009104N13088
2009143N17089
2012285N21091
N/A
the estimated
mated at appro
46,332 million
million BDT). T
values are not quation, a curr
1. Reported T
IBTrACS ID
2000300N14093 2002314N12083 2004281N23087 2007133N15091 2007314N10093 2008168N21090 2008298N16085 2009104N13088 2009143N17089 2010280N18085 2011167N22089 2011290N15090 2012285N21091
N/A
e 32. Detailed
Year Name
3 2000 NOT NAM3 2002 NOT NAM9 2003 NOT NAM0 2004 NOT NAM1 2007 AKASH
3 2007 SIDR 5 2008 RASHM
8 2009 BIJLI 9 2009 AILA 1 2012 NOT NAM
2013 MAHASE
d average cost
oximately 50 p
BDT) is about
Thus, the equa
available, is: 2. ∗ ,rency conversi
Tropical Cyclo
Year Start Dat
2000 October 22002 November 2004 October 02007 May 13 2007 November 2008 June 162008 October 22009 April 142009 May 22 2010 October 02011 June 162011 October 12012 October 12013 May 09
Consequenc
Dwellings Damaged So
ED 3,000 B
ED 1,000 B
ED 67,727 M
ED 18,438 M
845 I
957,110 G
I 12,404 D
5,991 D
369,702 D
ED 16,330 D
EN 114,396 D
of a Kutcha d
percent of the t
t 40% of the to
ation adopted t
000 ∗ion of 69 BDT
one Events M
te Duration (Days)
25 2.75 09 3 07 1.25
2.25 10 6
2.25 24 3.25 4.25
3.75 07 1.75
6.75 17 3 10 1
7
ce Data of Sig
ource Dwellings Destroyed
BMD BMD DMR 4,980 DMR 19,535 FRC 205 GOB 564,967 DMIC 4,360 DMIC 1,460 DMIC 242,882 DMIC 8,050 DMIC 21,736
welling (at 20,
total cost. Furt
otal estimated i
to infer the eco
_per USD is us
Making Landfa
Name S
W
NOT NAMED NOT NAMED NOT NAMED
AKASH SIDR
NOT NAMED RASHMI BIJLI AILA
NOT NAMED NOT NAMED
TWO NOT NAMED MAHASEN
gnificant Trop
Source People Affected 15,000 5,000
MDMR 312,817 MDMR 116,269 IFRC 80,000 GOB 8,923,259 DMIC 321,839 DMIC 92,558 DMIC 4,826,630 DMIC 133,688 DMIC 1,328,237
Final Repo
,000 BDT). Co
thermore, the
impact (dama
onomic impac
0. ∗sed as per the
all in Banglad
Peak Sustained Wind Speed
(knots) 35 Tr
55 Tr
25 Trop
65 140 25 Trop
45 Tr
50 Tr
65 25 Trop
35 Tr
35 Tr
30 Trop
45 Tr
pical Cyclone
Source Life Loss
INFERRED 253 INFERRED 182 MDMR 11 MDMR 89 RSOE 3 GOB 4,407 DMIC 13 DMIC 5 DMIC 190 DMIC 108 DMIC 17
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
osts for partiall
estimated cos
age and losses)
ct due to tropi
_Sidr report.
desh from 200
Strength
ropical Storm ropical Storm pical Depression Hurricane Hurricane
pical Depression ropical Storm ropical Storm Hurricane
pical Depression ropical Storm ropical Storm pical Depression ropical Storm J
es from 2000 t
Source Econ
(m
BMD BMD MDMR MDMR IFRC GOB DMIC DMIC DMIC DMIC DMIC
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
ly damaged h
st of housing
) of the event
ical cyclones, w
00 to End of 2
Agency Source
jtwc_io jtwc_io newdelhi jtwc_io jtwc_io newdelhi jtwc_io jtwc_io jtwc_io newdelhi newdelhi jtwc_io newdelhi
JTWC_2013_BT
to End of 201
nomic Impact million USD) Sou
2 INFER
1 INFER
62 INFER
46 INFER
1 INFER
1,675 GO
17 INFER
7 INFER
1,149 GO
26 INFER
276 GOB + IN
er Risk A-8144)
84 051215
ouses
when
2013
13
urce
RRED RRED RRED RRED RRED OB RRED RRED OB RRED NFERRED
Figu
ure 39. Reporrted Tropical
Cyclone Acti
ivity in the Ba
Final Repo
ay of Bengal
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
from 2000 to
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
End of 2013
er Risk A-8144)
85 051215
Figure 40. Reported Tro
opical Cyclon
ne near Bangl
Final Repo
ladesh from 2
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
2000 to End o
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
of 2013
er Risk A-8144)
86 051215
4.2 F
The report
year exper
percent of
is shown i
Table 34 a
economic
from other
using the f
Where:
α = a facto
β = a facto
C = the ave
As with th
the “Cyclo
Reconstru
typical dw
total estim
adopted to
For this eq
damage is
it is assum
Flood
ted flood affec
rienced some l
the country re
n Table 33. Pr
and includes p
impact caused
r reported met
following form
r that account
r that account
erage replacem
he tropical cycl
one Sidr in Ban
ction” report p
welling is estim
mated loss of th
o infer the ecoquation, a curr
not available,
med that an eve
cted area in Ba
level of floodin
eported as bei
eferred conseq
preferred value
d by floods eac
trics. For exam
mula: ts for the total
s for the relati
ment cost of a
lone peril (dis
ngladesh ‐ Dam
prepared by th
mated at 44,000
he event based
nomic loss du .0 ∗ ,rency conversi
, the event los
ent causes 100
angladesh from
ng; 2004 and 2
ing affected, re
quence data is
es of the numb
ch year. When
mple, the total
∗ ∗economic loss
ive loss due to
dwelling
scussed previo
mage, Loss an
he Governmen
0 BDT, but the
d on damage r
ue to floods, w000 ∗ion of 69 BDT
s is inferred fr
0 USD in dama
m 2000 to end
2007 were part
espectively. A
s listed in
ber of people a
n reported loss
economic loss
_s relative to th
o partially dam
ously), this app
nd Needs Asse
nt of Banglade
e estimated cos
eports from th
hen reported v_per USD is us
rom the numb
age per affecte
Final Repo
of 2013 is sho
ticularly flood
A summary of c
affected and li
ses are not ava
s is inferred fr
∗he loss from dw
maged dwellin
proach is base
essment for Di
esh. Again, the
st of housing d
he 1998 and 20
values are not0. ∗sed as per the
ber of affected
ed person.
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
own in Table 3
d heavy years,
consequence d
ives lost, as we
ailable, loss es
rom reported d
_welling damag
ngs
ed on informat
isaster Recove
e average repl
damage is tak
004 floods. Thu
t available, is _Sidr report. If
people. Based
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
3. Overall, eve
with 38 and 4
data from each
ell as the total
timates are in
dwelling dam
ge
tion presented
ery and
lacement cost
ken as 25% of t
us, the equatio
f reported buil
d on reported d
er Risk A-8144)
87 051215
ery
42
h year
l
ferred
age
d in
of a
the
on
lding
data,
Y
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Year
Percent Country Affected (BWDB)
Num
Of E
2000 24 2001 2.8 2002 10 2003 14 2004 38 2005 12 2006 11 2007 42
2008 23
2009 19 2010 18
2011 20
2012 12 2013 10.6
EMDAT
mber vents
Lives Lost
People Affected
3 43 2,667,138 2 9 700,000 1 10 1,500,000 2 252 550,000 3 761 36,871,500 3 55 1,150,000 2 211,775 2 1230 13,851,380
2 28 600,000
2 16 500,000 2 15 575,000
1 10 1,570,559
2 139 5,398,475
Table 33. Co
Loss (million USD)
Number Of Events
500 4 3 4 2
2,200 3 4 3
114 2
2
1 4
2
1
Table 34. Prefe
Year
Percent
Country Affected (BWDB)
A
2000 24 3,
2001 2.8 7
2002 10 7,
2003 14 7,
2004 38 40
2005 12 1,
2006 11 2
2007 42 10
2008 23 9
2009 19 5
2010 18 1,
2011 20 1,
2012 12 5,
2013 10.6 4
onsequence Datab
Dartmouth
Lives Lost
People Affected
Lo
(mi
US
81 1,030,000 19 251,200 161 6,020,000 230 3,520,000 910 30,321,500 7,0
60 1,220,000 105 200,000 1197 5,080,000 3
615,000
6 119 1,240,000
53 710,000
106 102,000
rred Consequenc
People Affected Sou
,244,576 MD
700,000 EM
,608,837 MD
,874,465 MD
0,955,375 MD
,220,000 D
211,775 EM
0,655,564 MD
975,096 DM
500,000 EM
,240,000 D
,853,000 DM
,398,475 Disaster R415,250 DDM Rep
base of Floods fr
oss llion SD)
Dwellings Destroyed
Dwellin
Damag
437,050 309,77
115,511 564,52
109,147 541,98
000 969,161 3,602,0
92 65,522 919,57
ce Data of Floods
urce Life Loss
DMR 37
DAT 19
DMR 26
DMR 104
DMR 765
FO 60
DAT 105
DMR 594
MIC 28
DAT 16
FO 119
MIC 53
eport 2012 139
port 2013
Final Report on CaFinanc
rom 2000 to End
MDMR
ngs ed
Lives Lost
People Affected
75 37 3,244,576
27 26 7,608,837 88 104 7,874,465 009 765 40,955,375
75 594 10,655,564
s from 2000 to En
Source Economic
Impact
(million US
MDMR 500
DFO 70
MDMR 1,015
MDMR 970
MDMR 2,280
DFO 122
DFO 21
MDMR 1,067
EMDAT 126
EMDAT 50
DFO 124
DFO 185
EMDAT 573
42
apacity Building for Disce in Bangladesh (ADB
SF13-1049 FINAL R
of 2013
Dwellings Damaged/Destroyed
Lives Lost
4,000,000 747
1,000,000 1,100
75,565/11,488 7
142,027/41,594 2
272,792/88,070 13
nd of 2013
c
D) Source
EMDAT
INFERRED
INFERRED
INFERRED
WB2004
INFERRED
INFERRED
GOB
INFERRED
INFERRED
INFERRED
INFERRED
INFERRED
INFERRED
saster Risk B TA-8144)
88 REP 051215
Literature
People Affected
Loss (million USD)
36,000,000 2,280
14,000,000 1,067
975,096
1,853,000 5,148,475 415,250
Source
World Bank; ADB
World Bank; CDMP DMIC, DMB
WED‐17‐SEP‐2008:1430
DMIC, DMB WED‐07‐SEP‐2011:1630 Disaster Report 2012 DDM Report 2013
4.3 E
The report
is extracte
4.0 or grea
were Mw 5
of significa
and the to
estimates a
Table 35
Earthquake
ted seismicity
d from the his
ater have been
5.0 or greater. T
ant events are
tal economic i
and judgment
5. Number of R
e
in the vicinity
storical earthq
n reported with
The statistics o
listed in Table
impact per eve
t based on oth
Reported Eve
y of Banglades
uake database
hin 50 km of B
of the reported
e 36. The Tabl
ent. In general
er reported m
ents in the Hi
Mw B
Ma
4.0-4.5
4.5-5.0
5.0-5.5
5.5-6.0
Total
sh from 2000 to
e previously d
Bangladesh’s b
d number of e
le includes infe
l, these inferre
metrics.
storical Earth
Within 50kmBangladesh Bo
(2000-2013
ainshock
20
18
4
3
45
Final Repo
o end of 2013
discussed. Ove
borders over th
events is show
erred values o
ed values are b
hquake Datab
m of orders 3)
Total
131
51
10
3
195
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
is shown in Fi
erall, 195 earth
hese 14 years;
wn in Table 35.
of the number
based on uppe
base from 200
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
igure 41. This
hquake events
13 events of w
Consequence
of people affe
er bound repo
00 to End of 2
er Risk A-8144)
89 051215
data
Mw
which
e data
ected
rted
2013
Figuree 41. Reporte
d Seismicity
in Banglades
Final Repo
sh from 2000
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
to End of 201
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
13
er Risk A-8144)
90 051215
Year
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2008 2010 2011
Table
Day Latitude
3‐Jan 22.223 19‐Dec 23.632 20‐Jun 25.998 26‐Jul 22.867 26‐Dec 3.295 14‐Feb 27.382 7‐Nov 22.15 12‐Jan 22.823 26‐Jul 24.827 10‐Sep 23.4743 18‐Sep 27.73
e 36. Consequen
Longitude Mw Dama
92.821 4.8 90.376 4.9 88.931 4.9 92.238 5.6 95.982 9.0 88.388 5.3 92.388 5.5 92.291 4.9 90.451 5.1 90.6689 5.1 88.155 6.9
nce Database of S
Dwellings aged/Destroyed Source
100 NGDC
SOME NGDC
SOME NGDC
500 NGDC
FEW RSOE
SOME NGDC
FEW BDNEWS
Significant Earthq
e People Affected Inferred
People
Injured
C 500 C 500 100 C 500 55 C 2500 32
0 500 11 250 10
C 500 500 25 500
S24 250 1
Final Report on CaFinanc
quakes from 2000
Source Life Loss
NGDC 0 NGDC 0 MARTIN 3
2 MARTIN NGDC 0
USGS 0
BDNEWS24
apacity Building for Disce in Bangladesh (ADB
SF13-1049 FINAL R
0 to End of 2013
Source Damage
LIMITED UTSU LIMITED UTSU LIMITED
MARTIN MODERATE USGS
LIMITED UTSU LIMITED
LIMITED UTSU LIMITED
LIMITED LIMITED
saster Risk B TA-8144)
91 REP 051215
Source
Inferred Economic Impact
(million USD) NGDC 1 NGDC 1 NGDC 1 NGDC 5
0 USGS 1 NGDC 1 NGDC 1 UTSU 1 NGDC 1 USGS 1
4.4 S
Significant
reported e
estimate. F
per affecte
reported p
indices suc
Severe Stor
t severe storm
events during
For the rest of
ed person. Thi
people affected
ch as life loss.
Tabl
E
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
rm
m events report
this time span
the events, los
s assumption
d (four events)
e 37. Severe
EMDAT DisNo Da
000‐0146 5/3/2
000‐0211 21/04
000‐0229 11/4/
000‐0283 27/05
000‐0294 23/05
000‐0631 25/06
001‐0198 11/5/
001‐0202 1/4/2
001‐0273 28/04
001‐0563 5/10/
002‐0211 25/03
002‐0233 22/04
002‐0425 14/07
003‐0190 16/04
003‐0211 4/5/2
003‐0779 20/12
004‐0166 14/04
004‐0286 12/6/
004‐0678 13/05
004‐0679 17/07
005‐0130 20/03
005‐0190 31/03
005‐0259 21/05
005‐0273 14/05
005‐0282 6/5/2
005‐0391 30/06
006‐0146 4/3/2
006‐0737 5/4/2
006‐0738 8/4/2
006‐0739 22/04
008‐0644 22/03
010‐0171 13/04
010‐0205 17/04
010‐0686 1/5/2
011‐0591 4/4/2
012‐0082 6/4/2
013‐0085 22/03
013‐0090 29/03
ted by EMDAT
n, only one eve
sses are inferr
is based on in
), a value of 10
Storm Conse
ate People A
2000 3,05
4/2000 62,8
/2000 7,01
/2000 71,0
/2000 10,000 (a6/2000 2,53
/2001 20
2001 2,50
4/2001 60
/2001 25,4
/2002 1,00
4/2002 100,4
7/2002 10,000 (a4/2003 20
2003 40
/2003 10,000 (a4/2004 13,0
/2004 50
/2004 4,05
7/2004 1,10
/2005 11,5
/2005 10,5
/2005 6
/2005 10
2005 1,50
6/2005 10,000 (a2006 5,89
2006 1,46
2006 1,50
4/2006 15
/2008 20
4/2010 247,1
4/2010 10,0
2010 50
2011 12
2012 55,1
/2013 8,54
/2013 25,0
T from 2000 to
ent (on March
ed by assumin
nformation fro
0,000 people a
equence Data
Affected Life L
50 800 20
12 000 36
ssumed) 28
37 00 12
00 193
00 21
450 12
00 32
400 31
ssumed) 10
0 9
00 23
ssumed) 28
000 76
0 153
50 10
00 500 79
500 24
6 10
00 2
00 11
ssumed) 35
99 4
65 9
00 22
0 4
00 12
110 8
000 3
0 15
1 13
121 25
43 31
020 2
Final Repo
o end of 2013 i
22, 2013) had
ng that the tot
m past report
affected is assu
a from 2000 to
Lost Inferred E(mi
0
6 8
2 3 1 2 2 1 0
3 8 6 3 0
9 4 0
1 5
2
2
5 3 5 1 20.0
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
is shown in Ta
a reported ec
tal economic im
ted events. For
umed, primari
o End of 2013
Economic Impact llion USD) 1.5 31.4 3.5 35.5 5.0 1.3 0.1 1.3 0.3 12.7 0.5 50.2 5.0 0.0 0.2 5.0 6.5 0.0 2.0 0.6 5.8 5.3 0.0 0.1 0.8 5.0 2.9 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.1 123.6 5.0 0.0 0.1 27.6
0 (reported) 12.5
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
able 37. Of the
conomic loss
mpact is 500 U
r events witho
ly based on ot
3
er Risk A-8144)
92 051215
e 38
USD
out
ther
4.5 S
In general,
that occurr
Reports fo
only 16 oth
drought ev
and affecte
cyclones “
In total, sig
to have aff
8,351 lives
tropical cy
people affe
people affe
cyclones. A
frequently
this time p
The major
economic
years. The
Year 2006
about 220,
million US
Summary
, the majority
red from 2000
or other sudde
her significant
vent). Of these
ed 55,230. A su
“TC”, severe st
gnificant sudd
fected 99.7 mil
s lost, and caus
yclones have a
ected, floods c
ected during t
Although the i
y and have con
period.
r disaster years
impact, about
ese years were
was the least
,000 people aff
SD in losses, 7
of major disas
0 to end to 2013
nly onset natu
t events for thi
e, the landslid
ummary of th
torms “SS”, an
denly onset na
llion people (n
sed 10.8 billion
affected Bangla
contribute to th
this time perio
impact of seve
ntributed to ab
s during 2000
t 20 million or
characterized
significant in t
fected. Major d
.1 million peo
ster events (in
3 have been fl
ural hazards h
is time period
es in 2010 are
e estimated co
nd earthquake
atural hazard e
note that the sa
n USD in econ
adesh more th
he majority of
od are due to f
ere storms is le
bout 12% of th
to 2013 are 20
more people a
d by catastroph
terms of major
disasters in Ba
ple affected, a
particular, su
loods, tropical
have been mino
(12 extreme t
among the mo
onsequence fro
es “EQ”) is list
events in Bang
ame people m
nomic impact (
han the other p
f the conseque
floods. The ma
ess than tropic
he total life loss
07 and 2004, w
affected, and o
hic floods in 20
r disasters, wi
angladesh dur
and 600 lives lo
Final Repo
uddenly onset
l cyclones, sev
or. For examp
temperature ev
ost notable, w
om the main p
ted in Figure 4
gladesh from 2
may be affected
(damage and l
perils by far. In
ence; 66% of ec
ajority of life lo
cal cyclone an
s. No major ea
with over two
over 1,000 live
004 and 2007,
ith less than 30
ring 2000 to 20
ost on average
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
natural hazar
vere storms, an
ple, the EMDA
vents, 3 landsl
which reported
perils (floods “
42 to Figure 44
2000 to end of
d one or more
losses to all se
n terms of econ
conomic impa
oss (63%) is du
nd flood, sever
arthquake has
billion USD in
es lost during
and 2007 trop
0 million USD
013 have result
e per year.
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
rds) in Banglad
nd earthquake
AT database re
lide events, an
dly killed 66 pe
“FL”, tropical
4 and Table 37
2013 are estim
times), resulte
ectors). Floods
nomic impact
act and 83% of
ue to tropical
re storms occu
s happened du
n estimated
each of these t
pical cyclone S
D in damages a
ted in about 7
er Risk A-8144)
93 051215
desh
es.
ports
nd 1
eople
7.
mated
ed in
s and
t and
f
ur
uring
two
Sidr.
and
771
Figure
Figure
Economic
Impact
(M USD)
People
Affected
(Million)
42. Estimated
e 43. Estimate
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
2000
2001
p(
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2000
2001
2002
p(
)
d Economic I
ed People Aff
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Y
2003
2004
2005
2006
Ye
Impact from S
fected from S
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Year
2007
2008
2009
2010
ear
Significant Di
Significant Dis
2011
2012
2013
2011
2012
2013
Final Repo
isasters in Ba
sasters in Ba
SS
EQ
TC
FL
3
Eco
SS
EQ
TC
FL
Peo
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
angladesh fro
angladesh fro
30%
0% 4%
onomic Impact 10,795 Million
16%
0% 1%
ople Affected 299.7 Millio
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
om 2000 to 20
om 2000 to 20
66%
2000‐2013n USD
83%
2000‐2013on
er Risk A-8144)
94 051215
013
13
Fig
Life
Loss
gure 44. Estim
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
2000
2001
mated Life Lo
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Y
ss from Sign
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Year
ificant Disast2011
2012
2013
Final Repo
ters in Bangla
SS
EQ
TC
FL
0%
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
adesh from 2
63%
%12%
Life Loss 20008.4 Thousa
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
2000 to 2013
25%
0‐2013and
er Risk A-8144)
95 051215
Year E
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total
Flood Economic Impact (million USD)
Pe
Affe
500 3,24
70 700
1,015 7,60
970 7,87
2,280 40,95
122 1,22
21 211
1,067 10,65
126 975
50 500
124 1,24
185 1,85
573 5,39
42 415
7,145 82,85
Tab
ople ected
Life Loss
Econ
(m
44,576 37 0,000 19 08,837 26 74,465 104 55,375 765 20,000 60 1,775 105 55,564 594 5,096 28 0,000 16 40,000 119 53,000 53 98,475 139 5,250 52,413 2,065
ble 38. Estimated
Tropical Cycloneomic Impact
illion USD) People
Affected
2 15,000
1 5,000
62 312,817
46 116,269
1,676 9,003,25
17 321,839
1,156 4,919,18
26 133,688
276 1,328,23
3,262 16,155,29
Disaster Conseq
e d
Life Loss
Economi
(millio
253 1
1
182 1
7 11 5
9 89 1
59 4,410 1
9 13 2
88 195 1
1
8 108 37 17 97 5,278 1
quence in Bangla
Earthquake ic Impact
n USD) People Affected
1 500 1 500 1 500 5 2,500 1 500 1 250 2 1,000 1 500 1 250 14 6,500
Final Report on CaFinanc
adesh from 2000
Life Loss
Economic Im(million US
78 14 56 3 5 2 9 17 5 0 129 0 28 33 5 374
apacity Building for Disce in Bangladesh (ADB
SF13-1049 FINAL R
to End of 2013
Severe Storm mpact SD)
People Affected
Life
Los
156,399 84
28,750 238
111,400 73
10,420 60
18,200 239
33,606 161
9,014 39
200 12
257,160 26
121 13
55,121 25
33,563 33
713,954 1,00
saster Risk B TA-8144)
96 REP 051215
e ss
Economic Impact
(million USD) 4 581 8 85 3 1,073 0 1,042 9 2,335 1 139 9 27
2,744 2 145
1,206 6 254 3 186 5 627 3 351 03 10,795
Total People Affected
Life Loss
3,416,475 374 729,250 257 7,725,737 281 8,200,202 178 41,089,844 1,095 1,253,606 221 221,289 144
19,659,073 5,004 1,298,135 53 5,419,188 211 1,497,660 145 1,853,371 66 5,587,284 272 1,777,050 50 99,728,164 8,351
5 Pro
In addition
model was
provide va
catastroph
record. Inf
reported o
they can c
missing or
In addition
which are
correspond
shape the
events and
Furthermo
variety of
assets, infr
The risk m
or after rea
highlights
probability
can also be
providing
To the bes
modeling
develop ne
potential D
developed
Banglades
tropical cy
and relativ
obabilist
n to analyses o
s developed sp
aluable inform
he events and c
formation deri
observations o
alculate the es
r uncertain val
n to providing
defined in the
ding average r
scope and pri
d their consequ
ore, any uniqu
stakeholders.
rastructure, an
model can also
al events, whi
areas that are
y of occurrenc
e derived, whi
tangible metr
st of our know
for natural ha
ew resources t
DRF solution i
d using risk mo
sh, decided to
yclone hazard
ve importance
tic Trop
of historical ev
pecifically for
mation on the r
consequences,
ived from cata
f past events.
stimated dama
luations typica
g robust loss m
e following sec
return period
cing of disaste
uences occurri
ue portfolio of
For example,
nd portfolios f
provide haza
ch can be used
e affected to a
ce; hazard foot
ich can be use
rics for disaste
wledge, industr
azards do not e
to probabilisti
in the future. G
odels as its ba
develop a pilo
was selected b
e of the hazard
pical Cyc
vents and repo
the peril of tro
risk of natural
, by computin
astrophe risk m
For example,
aged over the
ally associated
metrics (such a
ctions), the pr
of past histori
er risk financin
ing in the futu
assets can be
these can be p
rom regional i
rd estimates, e
d to inform pla
particular haz
tprints are a h
d to support a
er risk financin
ry catastrophe
exist at the tim
ically quantify
Generally, all s
sis. ADB and
ot risk model f
based on a com
d (based on inf
clone Ri
orted conseque
opical cyclone
hazards since
ng loss potentia
models can als
risk models p
entire modele
d with damage
as loss exceeda
obabilistic mo
ical events. Th
ng solutions as
ure.
analyzed in th
portfolios of sc
insurance and
either in terms
anning or eme
zard (such as w
azard map for
a range of activ
ng transactions
e risk models f
me of this study
y the risk of a s
successful cou
the consultant
for the tropica
mbination of d
formation gath
Final Repo
sk Mode
ence data, a p
e in Banglades
e they quantify
als that go bey
so overcome th
rovide a more
ed hazard foot
e reports.
ance probabili
odels can estim
his is extremely
s it can estima
he risk model
chool building
d reinsurance a
s of hazard ma
ergency purpo
wind speeds) f
r single given
vities, such in
s.
for Bangladesh
y. An importa
selected hazar
untry catastrop
t team, in agre
al cyclone haza
determining fa
hered in sectio
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
eling
probabilistic ca
sh. Probabilist
y the likelihoo
yond the avail
he limitations
e complete pic
tprint and do n
ties and avera
mate the mode
y valuable inf
ate the likeliho
to provide risk
gs, disaster she
agencies.
aps or hazard
oses. A hazard
for a given ret
event. Post ev
nforming recov
h that provide
ant objective o
rd for Banglad
phe DRF solut
eement with th
ard as part of t
actors which in
ons 3 and 4), fe
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
1049 FINAL REP 0
atastrophe risk
ic risk models
od of future
lable historical
and data gap
cture of the ris
not suffer from
age annual los
eled losses and
formation that
ood of catastro
k perspectives
elters, governm
footprints du
d map is a map
turn period or
vent loss estim
very operation
e probabilistic
of this project i
desh in suppor
tions have bee
he Governmen
this TA. The
ncluded: sever
easibility of D
er Risk A-8144)
97 051215
k
s
l
ps of
k as
m
ses,
d
t can
ophe
s for a
ment
ring
p that
r
mates
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100 051215
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ropical cyclone
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istorical recor
Simulated E
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46. The intens
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Figure 47 and
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e model consi
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11049 FINAL REP 0
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101 051215
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6. Distribution
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102 051215
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Figure 48
0.0
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Annual Frequency
7. Comparison
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00
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fall, and a
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intensity a
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intensity t
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wind speed. Th
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o account for v
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rd Intensit
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ty used in the
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cal wind field
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ction, and then
gladesh, the gr
nd (1980) invo
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m North India
parameters de
wind field con
s effects. It also
wind blowing a
r than if it cam
rrain shape sur
heights. Local
for significant
t wind are bas
on.
lone Model fo
dule is then use
al cyclone wind
d flood hazard
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y Calculat
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d winds in mile
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n downscaling
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erived from M
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o accounts for
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me from an are
rrounding the
lization is an im
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sed on a resolu
or Bangladesh,
ed to determin
ds, which gen
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n of the storm
rainfall intensi
in the right fro
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ion
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Cyclone Mod
es per hour meters
t computing th
ds, latitude, dis
g the gradient
speed is calcul
ers determined
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Mishra and Gup
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how these lat
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a over an equa
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mportant step
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, the precipitat
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erally decreas
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ity in each qua
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wind flows sha
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del for Banglad
he gradient wi
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pta (1976) and
gradient wind
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behave differe
ally rough sur
tion. The eleva
p in determinin
ross very short
and include la
tion module id
distribution o
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arply upslope (
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ustment is mad
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ship for maxim
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plots the p
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the terrain‐ind
n event, the st
at storm total
w moving sto
d storms can r
etermine accum
ulating precipi
ribution depen
e what fraction
will percolate d
down than in
rface than on o
hazard intensi
probabilistic w
ulna and Chitt
Figure 49. Pro
2
4
6
8
10
1
Maxim
um
One
‐Minute
Sustained
Wind
Speed
(mph)
ng down‐slop
high‐resolution
duced vertical
torm total rain
rainfall is accu
rms will subje
result in exten
mulated runof
itation totals, t
nds on soil typ
n of the falling
down than if th
an urban envi
one that is flat
ity is calculate
wind hazard fo
tagong) have a
obabilistic Tr
0
20
40
60
80
00
20
25
Probabil
pe. The slope in
n digital eleva
motion.
nfall is determi
umulated over
ect any given l
nsive flooding
ff.
the flood mod
pe, land use/la
g precipitation
he soil is clay.
ironment. Fina
.
d at an approx
or select major
a higher wind
ropical Cyclo
50 100
Mean Retu
listic Tropi
nformation is
ation data, wh
ined by accum
r time, the forw
location to rain
if they are also
dule then redis
and cover, and
is absorbed. I
Similarly, if th
ally, all else eq
ximate 5 km g
cities in Bang
hazard than t
ne Wind Haza
0 250
urn Period (Yea
ical Cyclon
Final Repo
determined in
hich is used to
mulating the ho
ward speed of
nfall over a lon
o slow‐movin
stributes this w
d topography,
If the soil is san
he land is fore
qual, less preci
grid for each ev
gladesh. As exp
the more inlan
ard for Select
500 1,000
ars)
ne Wind Ha
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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n eight compa
determine a r
ourly rainfall
f the storm is a
nger period of
ng. The storm t
water over the
, or slope—all
ndy, for exam
ested, more pre
ipitation will b
vent. For exam
pected, the cit
nd city of Dhak
t Cities in Ba
0
azard
Dhaka
Chittag
Khulna
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
ass directions f
ainfall adjustm
amounts. Due
also an impor
f time. Thus, e
total rainfall is
e model doma
of which
mple, a higher
ecipitation wil
be absorbed o
mple, Figure 4
ties closer to th
ka.
ngladesh
gong
a
er Risk A-8144)
105 051215
for
ment
e to
tant
even
s then
in.
ll
n a
9
he
5.5 E
An integra
database c
and non‐p
height clas
for simula
unfolding
residential
the econom
database c
disaster em
Banglades
5.5.1 P
A populat
This datab
population
governme
The popul
is the Divi
finest reso
levels of a
District Le
finest reso
database f
Corporatio
Banglades
(“Upazilas
Engineerin
Exposure D
al part of a cou
containing risk
physical charac
ssification of b
ated events fro
in real time. T
l buildings (st
mic losses sust
can be used as
mergency loss
sh exposure da
Population
tion database h
base serves as
n database, wh
nt data, includ
lation databas
ision Level (lo
olution, the Sub
dministrative
evel but is no l
olution admini
for the entire c
ons of Chittag
sh are listed in
s/Subdistricts
ng Departmen
Database
untry‐wide ris
k counts and th
cteristics of the
buildings. The
om a stochastic
The modeled e
ructures). This
tained due to
a proxy to est
estimates. Th
atabase of buil
Database
has been deve
a primary inp
hich is produc
ding the 2011 P
e is available o
cally known a
bdistrict Level
divisions: the
longer officiall
istrative divisi
country, it has
gong, Dhaka, K
n Table 39 and
of Bangladesh
nt (LGED) of th
sk assessment
heir respective
e modeled ass
ese databases p
c catalog, the r
exposure at ris
s database can
physical dama
timate the imp
his section pro
ldings, as well
loped in order
put to the expo
ced in both tab
Population an
on three levels
as bibhag), follo
l (locally know
Region Level
ly recognized,
ion. While the
been used for
Khulna, and R
shown in Figu
h (Admin 3)”)
he Governmen
is the exposur
e replacement
sets at risk, suc
provide a foun
re‐creation of h
sk considered
n be used, alon
age of buildin
pact on other s
ovides details a
l as its compos
r to spatially i
osure database
ble and GIS for
nd Housing Ce
s of administra
owed by the D
wn as upazila).
l (locally know
, and the Villa
e Village Level
r certain dense
ajshahi. A sum
ure 50. The Su
is obtained fro
nt of Banglade
Final Repo
re database, w
t values, along
ch as occupan
ndation for m
historical even
for this projec
ng with catastr
ngs from natur
sectors, such a
about the met
sition.
identify the po
e of buildings
rmat, is develo
ensus of Bangl
ative regions i
District Level (l
Bangladesh a
wn as anchnal),
age Level (loca
l is not fully co
ely populated
mmary of adm
ubdistrict Leve
om the GIS un
esh and has a v
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
which is a coun
g with informa
ncy type, const
odeled loss es
nts, or for actu
ct is residentia
rophe risk mo
ral hazards. In
as population i
thodology use
opulation at ri
and other mod
oped primaril
ladesh.
in Bangladesh
locally known
also contains tw
, which is coar
ally known as
onsidered in t
urban centers
ministrative div
el GIS bounda
nit of Local Go
vintage of 201
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11049 FINAL REP 0
ntry‐specific
ation about ph
truction type,
stimates, whet
ual events
al and non‐
odels, to estima
n addition, this
impact and po
d to develop t
sk in Banglade
deling efforts.
ly from officia
h. The coarses
n as zila), and a
wo additional
rser than the
thana), which
the population
s, such as the C
visions in
aries
overnment and
10.
er Risk A-8144)
106 051215
hysical
and
ther
ate
s
ost‐
the
esh.
. The
al
t level
at the
l
is the
n
City
d
12 Includes 4
T
46 Thanas in City
Table 39. Sum
Figure 50. M
y Corporations of
Adm
mmary of Adm
Map of Admin
f Chittagong, Dh
inistrative Regio
Division
Region
District
Subdistrict
Village
ministrative R
nistrative Reg
haka, Khulna, and
on Local Na
Bibhag
Anchna
Zila
Upazila
Thana
Final Repo
Regions of Ba
gions of Bang
d Rajshahi
ame Number
g 7
al 21
64
a 52712
a 4,556
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
angladesh
gladesh
r
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
er Risk A-8144)
107 051215
According
The end‐o“adjusted”
1.37 percendensity of about 90 pin the counand approNote that density, hamay be dif
In addition
was also d
(http://ww
using seve
populated
resolution
population
Subdistric
resampled
for this pro
13 “QA/QC”
g to the officialf‐year 2014 po” population ent. BangladesBangladesh is
people per km2
ntry, with abooximate area fogeographical aave been calcufferent than as
n to the popul
developed for B
ww.worldpop.
eral input GIS
d places, amon
n. This dataset
n database des
t matches the
d to an approx
oject and is pl
is quality assura
l government opulation is esestimate (149.8sh is the most s about 1,130 p2 in Bandarbanout 8% of the cor each Districarea values prulated from des obtained from
lation database
Bangladesh. T
org.uk/). Worl
datasets, inclu
ng several othe
was QA/QCed
scribed in the
value from th
imate one kilo
otted in Figur
ance and quality
census, the postimated at 1578 million as of densely populpeople per kmn to 9,000 peopcountry’s total ct Level. Figurrovided in the efined polygonm other source
e that is availa
The gridded po
ldPop spatial
uding land cov
ers. The World
d13 (e.g., errors
sections above
he population d
ometer grid. T
e 52.
control
opulation of B7.7 million peoMarch 15, 201lated large cou
m2, but can varyple per km2 inpopulation. T
re 51 plots the database, wh
n area of the Ges, such as tho
able on the Sub
opulation data
datasets are d
ver, nighttime
dPop dataset is
s were identifi
e. Therefore, t
database. The
The gridded po
Final Repo
angladesh in 2ople, based on11) and yearlyuntry in the wy quite signifin Dhaka. DhakTable 40 lists thestimated 201
hich are used toGIS shapefiles.ose from more
bdistrict Leve
aset was deriv
developed on r
e lights, roads
s available for
ied and correc
the total gridd
final gridded
opulation data
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
2011 was 144.0n the official poy country‐wide
world. The avecantly by Distka is the most phe estimated 214 population o determine th. As such, the e detailed stud
el, a gridded p
ved primarily f
regression‐bas
data, urban ex
r Bangladesh a
cted) and calib
ded population
d population d
aset for Bangla
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
0 million peopost‐census e growth rate rage populatiotrict, ranging fpopulated Dis2014 populatioby Subdistricthe population actual land ar
dies.
opulation data
from WorldPo
sed methodolo
xtents, and
at a 100 meter
brated with the
n within each
ataset was
adesh develop
er Risk A-8144)
108 051215
ple.
of on from strict on t. rea
aset
op
ogies
e
ped
D
B
Ba
B
Bra
C
Chapa
Ch
Ch
C
Co
D
F
Ga
G
G
H
J
J
J
Jh
Jo
Kha
Kis
K
K
La
La
M
M
M
Ma
M
Mu
My
N
Na
N
N
Ni
N
Pa
Pa
P
R
Ra
R
S
S
S
S
Su
T
Th
Table 40. Su
District
Bagerhat
andarban C
Barguna
Barisal
Bhola
Bogra
hmanbaria C
Chandpur C
ai Nawabganj
hittagong C
huadanga
Comilla C
ox's Bazar C
Dhaka
Dinajpur
Faridpur
Feni C
aibandha
Gazipur
Gopalganj
Habiganj
amalpur
Jessore
Jhalokati
henaidah
oypurhat
agrachhari C
Khulna
shoreganj
Kurigram
Kushtia
akshmipur C
almonirhat
Madaripur
Magura
Manikganj
aulvibazar
Meherpur
unshiganj
ymensingh
Naogaon
Narail
rayanganj
Narsingdi
Natore
etrokona
ilphamari
Noakhali C
Pabna
anchagarh
atuakhali
Pirojpur
Rajbari
Rajshahi
angamati C
Rangpur
Satkhira
hariatpur
Sherpur
Sirajganj
unamganj
Sylhet
Tangail
hakurgaon
Bangladesh Tot
ummary of the
Division Est
Khulna
Chittagong
Barisal
Barisal
Barisal
Rajshahi
Chittagong
Chittagong
Rajshahi
Chittagong
Khulna
Chittagong
Chittagong
Dhaka
Rangpur
Dhaka
Chittagong
Rangpur
Dhaka
Dhaka
Sylhet
Dhaka
Khulna
Barisal
Khulna
Rajshahi
Chittagong
Khulna
Dhaka
Rangpur
Khulna
Chittagong
Rangpur
Dhaka
Khulna
Dhaka
Sylhet
Khulna
Dhaka
Dhaka
Rajshahi
Khulna
Dhaka
Dhaka
Rajshahi
Dhaka
Rangpur
Chittagong
Rajshahi
Rangpur
Barisal
Barisal
Dhaka
Rajshahi
Chittagong
Rangpur
Khulna
Dhaka
Dhaka
Rajshahi
Sylhet
Sylhet
Dhaka
Rangpur
tal
e Population
timated 2014 Popu
1,616,058
425,157
977,437
2,544,711
1,945,276
3,723,355
3,109,843
2,645,114
1,803,745
8,338,559
1,236,072
5,898,128
2,507,134
13,186,030
3,273,662
2,094,363
1,573,668
2,604,865
3,726,682
1,283,587
2,287,088
2,510,073
3,026,690
747,403
1,939,266
1,000,414
672,131
2,538,379
3,188,026
2,265,488
2,131,445
1,893,157
1,375,207
1,276,512
1,005,507
1,524,945
2,101,034
717,539
1,582,742
5,594,846
2,846,713
790,099
3,227,777
2,435,922
1,868,505
2,441,065
2,008,160
3,402,803
2,762,434
1,081,296
1,681,489
1,218,820
1,149,322
2,841,281
652,491
3,154,279
2,174,274
1,265,423
1,487,127
3,391,204
2,701,990
3,759,828
3,946,928
1,521,851
157,702,419
Final Repo
Database by
ulation Approx
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
y District
ximate Area (km2)
3,671
4,598
1,304
2,233
2,007
2,922
1,917
1,596
1,684
4,476
1,142
3,095
2,161
1,468
3,453
2,034
904
2,170
1,764
1,467
2,584
2,059
2,585
715
1,966
967
2,885
3,584
2,559
2,250
1,664
1,236
1,229
1,150
1,045
1,395
2,697
717
946
4,338
3,427
982
758
1,165
1,906
2,811
1,650
2,732
2,395
1,400
2,460
1,207
1,139
2,438
5,759
2,310
3,354
1,215
1,320
2,499
3,681
3,420
3,362
1,810
139,832
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
)
er Risk A-8144)
109 051215
Figure 51
1. Estimated 2
2014 Populat
Final Repo
ion by Subdi
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
strict
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
er Risk A-8144)
110 051215
Figu
re 52. Gridde
ed Population
Final Repo
n of Banglade
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
esh
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
er Risk A-8144)
111 051215
5.5.2 D
The expos
outlined in
papers. In
associated
modeling
(specifical
replaceme
pertaining
is used in
Figu
5.5.3 D
A wide va
data on ris
data and o
various re
exposure d
Risks and
Bangl
2011 P
Popul
Developing
ure database o
n Figure 53, us
nformation obt
d statistics (e.g
within Bangla
ly 30 arc‐secon
ent values for a
g to the physic
conjunction w
ure 53. Gener
Data Sourc
ariety of data s
sk counts, buil
other reports.
gional and glo
database.
d Attributes
adesh Bureau
Population and
lation Census
g the Expos
of building is
sing sources su
tained from th
., percentage o
adesh, the exp
nds). After the
all buildings.
al characterist
with constructi
ral approach
es
sources are use
lding characte
Remotely sen
obal data sets.
of Statistics
d Housing Cen
2001, Volume
Gridded Populati
Spatial Cost Adjustment
Non‐Residential BuildiInferred from ResidenExposure and Other D
sure Datab
developed fro
uch as official
hese sources is
of dwellings b
osure databas
e risk counts a
Additional in
tics of the risk
ion cost estima
for developin
ed to develop
eristics, and co
nsed data, such
Below is a list
nsus of Bangla
3, Urban Area
onAve
D
Repper
ngs ntial ata
Exp
base of Bu
om the bottom
censuses, pub
s used to deriv
y construction
se is developed
are derived, a r
nformation obt
s such as floor
ates to derive t
ng the Bangla
the Banglades
onstruction cos
h as gridded p
t of select refe
adesh
a Report
rage Number of Dwellings per
Person
Average placement Cost r Dwelling Floor
Area
osure Database of Buildings
Final Repo
ildings
m up, following
blically availab
ve risk counts
n type). To ens
d on an appro
rebuild cost ap
tained from ce
r area, constru
the replaceme
adesh exposu
sh exposure d
sts are obtaine
population esti
rences used in
PerceDwe
Constru
AveragFloor
Constru
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
g the general m
ble reports, an
(e.g., number
sure detailed a
oximate 1 km x
pproach is use
ensus data and
uction type, he
ent values.
ure database
database of bui
ed from recent
imates, are ob
n the developm
entage of llings by uction Type
ge Dwelling r Area by uction Type
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
methodology
nd academic
of dwellings)
and consistent
x 1 km grid
ed to calculate
d other reports
eight, and year
of buildings
ildings. Detai
tly available ce
tained from
ment of the
er Risk A-8144)
112 051215
and
t
e the
s
r built
iled
ensus
2010 R
Earthq
2009)
Housi
Housi
Earthq
2008)
Poten
Seism
Seism
et al.,
Evalu
(Alam
Construct
Earthq
2009)
Bangl
Cyclon
Recon
A Stud
Scopin
Earthq
2008)
Evalu
(Alam
Using
Housi
Housi
Housi
Group
Geograph
Gridd
Admi
Gridd
Report on Sam
quake Vulnera
ing Report ‐ Si
ing Report ‐ M
quake Resistan
tial Losses for
mic Vulnerabili
mic Loss Assess
2011)
ation of Build
m et al., 2008)
ion Costs
quake Vulnera
adesh House B
ne Sidr in Ban
nstruction (GoB
dy on the Trad
ng Study ‐ The
quake Resistan
ation of Build
m et al., 2008)
g High Resolut
ing Report ‐ Si
ing Report ‐ M
ing Finance in
ps (Hoek‐Smit
hical Data
ded population
nistrative regi
ded GDP estim
mple Vital Regi
ability Assessm
ingle‐story bri
Mud house of B
nt Non‐Engine
r Sylhet, Bangl
ty Assessmen
sment of Dhak
ing’s Vulnerab
ability Assessm
Building Finan
ngladesh – Dam
B, 2008)
ditional Housi
e state of socia
nt Non‐Engine
ing’s Vulnerab
tion Satellite D
ingle‐story bri
Mud house of B
n Bangladesh ‐
t, 1998)
n data (WorldP
ion map (LGE
mates (NOAA,
istration Syste
ment of Dhaka
ick masonry h
Bangladesh (W
eered Building
ladesh in a Rep
t of Buildings
ka for Scenario
bility to Earth
ment of Dhaka
nce Corporatio
mage, Loss an
ing Technolog
al housing in B
eered Building
bility to Earth
Data for Identi
ick masonry h
Bangladesh (W
Improving A
Pop, 2013) con
D, 2010)
2010)
em (SVRS)
a, Chittagong
house (WHE, 2
WHE, 2007)
g Construction
peat of the 191
of Dhaka City
o Earthquakes
quake in Old
a, Chittagong
on
nd Needs Asse
gy of Banglade
Bangladesh (U
g Construction
quake in Old
fication of Urb
house (WHE, 2
WHE, 2007)
ccess to Housi
nditioned on th
Final Repo
and Sylhet Ci
2003)
n for Rural Ar
18 Srimangal E
y (Sadat et al.,
s Using a Disp
Part of Sylhet
and Sylhet Ci
essment for Di
esh (Uddin, 20
UNEP, 2013)
n for Rural Ar
Part of Sylhet
ban Natural R
2003)
ing Finance by
he population
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ity Corporatio
rea in Banglad
Earthquake (S
2010)
lacement‐Base
and Construc
ity Corporatio
isaster Recove
008)
rea in Banglad
and Construc
Risk (Deichman
y Middle and
n database
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
n City (CDMP
desh (Alam et a
Sarker et al., 20
ed Method (A
ction Safety Ru
n City (CDMP
ery and
desh (Alam et a
ction Safety Ru
nn et al., 2011)
Lower Incom
er Risk A-8144)
113 051215
P,
al.,
010)
Alam
ules
P,
al.,
ules
)
me
5.5.4 O
The occup
residential
and apartm
housing). T
industrial,
offices, po
etc.) is not
5.5.5 C
Risk attrib
classificati
building m
modeled l
about the
main build
for each Su
for each D
conjunctio
In classify
namely co
into a suff
imposed b
The constr
buildings.
concrete co
occupancy
Occupancy
pancy classes c
l. The resident
ment units. Th
The non‐resid
, religious, gov
olice and fire se
t included.
Constructio
butes such as c
ion of risks by
materials, qual
oss estimates.
characteristics
ding type (e.g.
ubdistrict, and
District are ava
on with these a
ing the buildin
onstruction ma
icient number
by different ha
ruction classes
Construction
onstruction cla
y class is mode
y Type
considered in t
tial occupancy
his also includ
dential occupan
vernmental (g
ervice, etc.), an
on Type
construction ty
structural typ
lity, and desig
The starting p
s of the buildin
., jhupri/shacks
d statistics on t
ilable from the
and other data
ng stock, build
aterial, the load
r of distinct cla
azards.
s shown in Tab
classes other
ass is further c
eled as mason
the Banglades
y consists of dw
es non‐engine
ncy consists o
eneral service
nd educationa
ype and heigh
pe plays an im
gn all have a si
point in develo
ng stock such
s, kutcha/temp
the break‐dow
e Bangladesh
a sets to derive
dings are grou
d resisting me
asses that is un
ble 41 below a
than reinforce
categorized by
ry and reinfor
h exposure da
wellings withi
eered and imp
f non‐resident
and emergen
al establishmen
t are key comp
mportant role in
gnificant impa
oping the cons
as shown belo
porary, semi‐pu
wn (e.g., bamb
Bureau of Stat
e structural typ
uped according
echanism, and
nique in terms
are considered
ed concrete are
y height as pro
rced concrete c
Final Repo
atabase of buil
in single‐fami
provised housi
tial establishm
ncy service, suc
nts. Infrastruc
ponents of the
n catastrophe
act on buildin
struction distr
ow in Figure 5
ucka/semi‐perm
oo/wood or m
tistics. Engine
pe, occupancy
g to their main
d height. This
s of its structur
d in the Bangla
e classified as
ovided in Tabl
construction.
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ldings are resi
ily houses, mu
ing (e.g., slum
ments, such as
ch as post offi
cture (airports,
e exposure dat
modeling bec
ng vulnerabilit
ribution is gath
54 and Figure 5
manent, and p
mud wall) with
eering expertis
y, and height r
n structural ch
categorizes th
ral response to
adesh exposur
“low‐rise.” T
le 42 below. T
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
idential and no
ulti‐family hou
ms and rural
commercial,
ices, municipa
, bridges, road
tabase. The
cause differenc
ty and ultimat
hering inform
55. Statistics o
pucka/permane
hin the kutcha
se is used in
relationships.
haracteristics,
he building sto
o the loads
re database of
The reinforced
The non‐reside
er Risk A-8144)
114 051215
on‐
uses,
al
ds,
ces in
ely
mation
on the
ent)
a class
ock
ential
Fig
gure 54. Percent of House
eholds by Typ
pe per Subdis
Final Repo
strict (Derived
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
d from the 20
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
11 Census)
er Risk A-8144)
115 051215
Figu
Table
C
R
Ta
re 55. Percen
e 41. Constru
Construction Cl
Improvised
Bamboo/Woo
Mud Wall
Masonry
Reinforced Conc
able 42. Heigh
nt of Kutcha H
ction Classes
lass Lo
J
d Ku
Ku
Semi-Puand
crete Pu
ht Classes Co
Households b
s Considered
ocal Description
Jhupri (shacks)
utcha (temporary
utcha (temporary
ucka (semi-permPucka (permane
ucka (permanent
onsidered in
Height
Low-
Mid-
High-
by Constructi
d in the Bangl
n
Mad
y)
y)
manent) ent)
Wa
t) Made
the Banglade
Class Storie
-rise 1-3
rise 4-7
-rise 8+
Final Repo
ion Type (Der
ladesh Expos
de of jute sticks, rags, thatch, p
Frame made o
Made
alls are made pa(either reinforc
e of reinforced conon-e
esh Exposure
es
3
7
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
rived from the
sure Databas
Notes
tree leaves, jute polythene sheets
of bamboo, wood
of mud walls
artially or entirelyced or non-reinfo
oncrete (either enengineered)
e Database of
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
e 2010 SVRS
se of Building
sacks, tin, , etc.
d, etc.
y of bricks rced)
ngineered or
f Buildings
er Risk A-8144)
116 051215
)
gs
5.5.6 R
After the r
values by
estimates o
cost per sq
for buildin
outlined).
semi‐puck
cost per dw
for rural a
urbanicity
and is sho
dwellings,
dwellings
(apartmen
cost associ
The constr
values tha
spatially u
costs. The
available d
14 BDT = Ban
Replaceme
risks and attrib
construction t
of dwelling flo
quare foot. Var
ngs of various
For example,
ka house and 2
welling by dif
nd urban area
y type (i.e., upp
wn in Figure 5
, which are fou
(concrete/mas
nts) is much hi
iated with non
ruction costs a
at represent the
using gridded
value of non‐r
data.
(Sou
Lo
Mi
Hig
ngladeshi Taka; 0
nt Values
butes are deriv
type. The rebu
oor area by av
rious data sou
occupancies,
the 2007 PDN
20,000 BDT for
fferent constru
as to incorpora
per urban, low
56. Note that
und mostly in
sonry). Also n
igher due to th
n‐livable floor
are combined w
e building exp
GDP estimate
residential bu
Table 43. Ave
rce: Various
Construction
w-Rise Reinforce
d-Rise Reinforce
gh-Rise Reinforc
Masonry
Mud
Bamboo/W
Improvise
0.013 USD per BD
ved, a rebuild
uild cost appro
verage constru
urces have bee
heights, and c
NA report on T
r a kutcha hou
uction types us
ate the regiona
wer urban, upp
the kutcha (m
n rural areas, h
note that unit r
he higher cons
area (stairwel
with risk coun
posure in the e
es as a proxy to
ildings is dete
erage Constr
Information S
n Type
ed Concrete
ed Concrete
ced Concrete
y
Wood
ed
DT
cost approach
oach calculate
uction costs, wh
n leveraged to
construction ty
Tropical Cyclon
use. Table 43 li
sed for the exp
al dwelling siz
per rural, and
mud or bamboo
have a consider
replacement co
struction costs
lls, halls, lobby
nts (number of
exposure datab
o account for l
ermined as a fr
uction Costs
Synthesized b
Urban
1,050,000 – 1,3
2,200,000 – 2,7
3,120,000 – 3,7
350,000 – 504
N/A
N/A
5,000 – 6,0
Final Repo
h is used to ge
es replacement
hich are usual
o obtain estim
ypes (e.g., refe
ne Sidr assign
ists the range o
posure databa
ze and cost of
lower rural) is
o/wood) and jh
rably lower va
ost of mid‐ and
for higher qu
y, etc.).
f dwellings) to
base. These es
local and regio
raction of the
per Dwelling
by AIR – see
350,000 540,
760,000
744,000
4,000 162,0
27,0
33,7
000 4,5
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
enerate buildin
t values by mu
lly expressed i
mates of rebuild
er to the data s
ns a cost of 100
of the average
ase. Different v
construction.
s based on pop
hupri (improv
alue than the p
d high‐rise dw
uality construc
o calculate bui
stimates are fu
onal variation
residential val
g in BDT14
Section 5.5.3
Rural
,00 – 780,000
N/A
N/A
000 – 252,000
000 - 54,000
750 - 60,000
500 - 6,000
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
ng replacemen
ultiplying ave
in terms of a u
d cost per unit
sources previo
0,000 BDT for a
e unit replacem
values are assi
The modeled
pulation dens
vised) type
pucka type
wellings
ction and addi
ilding replacem
urther refined
n in constructio
lue based on
3)
er Risk A-8144)
117 051215
nt
rage
unit
t area
ously
a
ment
igned
sity
tional
ment
on
5.5.7 V
Raw data
and econo
questionab
available,
study by a
Food and
(CDMP, 20
Chittagon
informatio
Validating t
sets are corrob
omic attributes
ble data. In Ba
which allowed
a collaboration
Disaster Mana
009). This stu
g, and Sylhet w
on on hazard,
Figure 56. M
the Industr
borated agains
s. When incon
angladesh, sev
d for direct co
n of the Compr
agement (MoF
dy is an earthq
which utilized
exposure (incl
Modeled Urba
ry Exposur
st alternative r
nsistencies are
veral independ
omparisons wi
rehensive Disa
FDM), and the
quake risk ass
d high resoluti
luding the bui
anicity for the
re Databas
regional and g
discovered, a
dent reports co
ith the exposu
aster Managem
e Government
sessment cond
ion satellite im
ilding stock), a
Final Repo
e Exposure Da
ses
global data set
additional rese
ontaining buil
re database of
ment Program
of the People
ducted in the m
magery, as wel
and vulnerabi
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
atabase
ts containing r
earch is condu
lding inventor
f buildings. O
mme (CDMP),
’s Republic of
major urban ce
ll as ground su
ility. A compa
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
reported build
ucted to verify
ry data are
One example is
the Ministry o
f Bangladesh
enters of Dhak
urveys, to gen
arison focusing
er Risk A-8144)
118 051215
ding
any
s a
of
ka,
nerate
g on
rural areas
earthquak
In addition
indicators,
structures
Bank, 2006
is estimate
Banglades
This comp
exposure d
Another p
power par
(e.g., Jaisw
5.5.8 E
The Bangl
country‐w
damage to
building s
catastroph
used for a
to develop
deemed va
s was also con
ke vulnerability
n to checking
, such as prod
(including inf
6), the produce
ed to increase
sh (population
pares well to th
database. Note
point of aggreg
rity based), wh
wal and Wald,
Exposure D
adesh exposu
wide risk assess
o disaster even
tock, but is rat
he modeling m
portfolio‐base
p the exposure
alid on an ave
nducted with d
y assessment o
the input data
duced capital a
frastructure) a
ed capital of B
to about 1,400
n ≈ 158 million
he 150 billion U
e that the prod
gate benchmar
hich is calculat
2011).
Database L
re database of
sment to natu
nts. The exposu
ther an interpr
methodologies,
ed risk assessm
e database. As
erage basis.
data collected
of a rural area
a sets, country
and GDP. Prod
and urban land
Bangladesh wa
0 USD per capi
), the total pro
USD for reside
duced capital e
rking is the rat
ted at about 2.
Limitations
f buildings has
ral hazards, w
ure database d
retation based
, and engineer
ment, certain s
such, the reso
from a study p
a in Bangladesh
‐wide values a
duced capital i
d. Based on es
as 1,007 USD p
ita based on a
oduced capital
ential and non
estimates inclu
tio of the expo
.7. This is in lin
s been develop
with the specifi
does not neces
d on available
ring judgment
simplifications
olution, scope,
Final Repo
performed by
h.
are benchmark
is the total val
stimates from
per capita in 2
annual trends o
l in 2014 is est
n‐residential s
ude other asse
osure value to
ine with other
ped for the pu
ic intent to est
ssarily represe
data, statistica
t. Since the dat
s, aggregation
, and precision
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
Alam et al. (2
ked against va
lue of machine
the World Ban
2005. For the ye
of the same da
timated at abo
tructures deri
ets in addition
the GDP (PPP
studies of bui
urposes of a po
timate econom
ent truth or fac
al techniques,
tabase has bee
n, and averagin
n of the exposu
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
2008), which w
arious indepen
ery, equipmen
nk (e.g., World
ear 2014, this v
ata. Thus, for
out 220 billion
ved from the
n to structures
P ‐ purchasing
ilding exposur
ortfolio‐based
mic losses from
ct of the actual
state‐of‐the‐ar
en designed to
ng have been u
ure database a
er Risk A-8144)
119 051215
was an
ndent
nt,
d
value
USD.
.
g
re
m
l
rt
o be
used
are
5.5.9 S
This sectio
in the Ban
value (Cov
trillion BD
15 All values
trend of d
Summary o
on provides su
gladesh expos
verage A) only
DT.
Populat
Capital
Local C
Exchan
GDP
GDP pe
GDP (P
Urban P
Househ
Exposu
Exposu
Exposu
Total Re
Residen
Non-Re
Residen
s derived from fodata from the Wo
of the Expo
ummary statist
sure database
y. The total re
Table 44. Ban
tion
Currency
nge Rate to USD
er Capita
PP)
Population
holds with Elect
ure Database Sc
ure Vintage
ure Native Reso
eplacement Val
ntial Replacem
esidential Repla
ntial Dwellings
or the project, exporld DataBank
osure Data
tics, as well as
of buildings.
eplacement cos
ngladesh Exp
D
tricity Connectio
cope
lution
ue
ent Value
cement Value
pect GDP, GDP (
base of Bu
s maps showin
The replacem
st of modeled
posure Summ
on
Reside
(PPP), and urban
Final Repo
uildings
ng the spatial d
ment values pre
buildings in B
mary Statistic
BDT (
11,334
30,805
ential and Non-Re(Cove
0.00833(approxima
11,525
8,261
3,264
n population, wh
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
distribution of
esented below
Bangladesh is
s (2014)15
157,702,4
Dha
(Bangladeshi Ta
0.0
4,503,900,000 B
934 U
5,914,231,679 B
33.6
57.0
esidential Buildinerage A - Structu
End 20
3 Decimal Degreate 1km x 1km gr
5,959,062,475 B
1,929,928,875 B
4,029,133,600 B
35,500,0
hich is inferred fr
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
f exposure val
w include struc
approximatel
419
aka
ka)
013
DT
SD
DT
6 %
0 %
ngs ure)
014
ees rid)
DT
DT
DT
080
rom a 2009‐2013 l
er Risk A-8144)
120 051215
lues
cture
ly 11.5
linear
Figuure 57. Gridde
ed Replaceme
ent Cost Map
Final Repo
p of All Model
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
led Buildings
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
s
er Risk A-8144)
121 051215
Figure 59
Figure 60. S
Figure 58. Sh
9. Share of Re
Share of Non
hare of Dwell
esidential Ex
-Residential
ings by Cons
xposure Value
Exposure Va
Final Repo
struction per
e by Construc
lue by Const
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
Division
ction per Divi
truction per D
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
ision
Division
er Risk A-8144)
122 051215
Tab
District
Bagerha
Bandarba
Barguna
Barisal
Bhola
Bogra
Brahmanba
Chandpu
Chapai Nawa
Chittagon
Chuadang
Comilla
Cox's Baz
Dhaka
Dinajpur
Faridpur
Feni
Gaibandh
Gazipur
Gopalgan
Habigan
Jamalpu
Jessore
Jhalokat
Jhenaida
Joypurha
Khagrachh
Khulna
Kishorega
Kurigram
Kushtia
Lakshmip
Lalmonirh
Madaripu
Magura
Manikgan
Maulvibaz
Meherpu
Munshiga
Mymensin
Naogaon
Narail
Narayanga
Narsingd
Natore
Netrokon
Nilphama
Noakhal
Pabna
Panchaga
Patuakha
Pirojpur
Rajbari
Rajshah
Rangama
Rangpu
Satkhira
Shariatpu
Sherpur
Sirajgan
Sunamga
Sylhet
Tangail
Thakurgao
Bang
ble 45. Numbe
t Division
at Khulna
an Chittagong
a Barisal
Barisal
Barisal
Rajshahi
aria Chittagong
ur Chittagong
abganj Rajshahi
ng Chittagong
ga Khulna
Chittagong
zar Chittagong
Dhaka
r Rangpur
r Dhaka
Chittagong
ha Rangpur
r Dhaka
nj Dhaka
nj Sylhet
ur Dhaka
e Khulna
ti Barisal
ah Khulna
at Rajshahi
hari Chittagong
Khulna
anj Dhaka
m Rangpur
Khulna
pur Chittagong
hat Rangpur
ur Dhaka
a Khulna
nj Dhaka
zar Sylhet
ur Khulna
anj Dhaka
ngh Dhaka
n Rajshahi
Khulna
anj Dhaka
di Dhaka
Rajshahi
na Dhaka
ari Rangpur
li Chittagong
Rajshahi
arh Rangpur
ali Barisal
r Barisal
Dhaka
hi Rajshahi
ati Chittagong
r Rangpur
a Khulna
ur Dhaka
r Dhaka
nj Rajshahi
anj Sylhet
Sylhet
Dhaka
on Rangpur
ladesh Total
er of Dwelling
Number of Dwellings
R
390,933
g 90,011
236,105
567,134
409,088
960,761
g 590,624
g 555,927
392,546
g 1,695,091
305,904
g 1,167,323
g 462,427
3,118,239
789,104
467,153
g 308,130
668,130
915,924
273,641
430,705
620,164
724,609
173,129
464,580
269,439
g 147,656
606,951
690,856
557,189
525,818
g 401,727
318,346
278,021
226,274
356,781
396,237
181,500
347,476
1,277,875
724,478
179,917
743,287
527,361
465,260
525,698
460,891
g 652,823
647,833
250,662
380,424
282,955
260,745
692,858
g 143,134
794,744
517,307
271,197
373,176
789,396
483,181
659,750
959,753
353,722
35,500,080
gs and Replac
ResidentialReplacement Value
(million BDT)
25,847.8
5,164.4
11,022.4
60,699.9
20,804.8
106,264.4
61,139.1
50,927.8
58,847.3
743,766.4
43,348.6
162,451.5
41,377.4
3,954,614.7
75,696.0
42,153.2
51,134.2
44,096.7
224,830.3
17,179.0
30,324.1
38,477.1
116,886.6
12,334.3
58,588.5
22,969.8
7,782.6
207,318.6
61,270.0
27,159.8
70,390.0
31,152.3
17,290.1
20,491.6
17,478.2
22,847.6
42,931.5
27,033.0
41,413.7
100,218.8
56,336.2
12,512.8
357,346.5
68,098.2
40,760.9
25,797.3
39,331.9
56,684.1
66,141.8
13,920.6
20,988.7
16,092.0
17,899.8
152,352.7
8,785.1
86,019.2
58,937.4
14,951.6
23,500.8
63,611.6
34,674.2
159,098.3
65,636.5
26,727.6
8,261,930
Final Repo
cement Value
Non-ResidentiaReplacement Va
(million BDT)
2,127.4
373.9
430.0
12,509.1
1,268.6
21,611.0
8,499.6
5,894.5
11,536.6
329,336.8
5,862.6
35,868.0
7,836.7
2,172,384.6
14,230.5
5,121.7
10,132.8
4,497.8
66,890.7
1,120.8
2,431.9
3,834.9
23,457.4
1,193.8
8,469.1
2,985.1
459.0
83,795.3
9,900.8
1,019.3
13,744.3
2,533.2
775.2
1,866.8
1,583.7
1,311.9
4,953.7
4,167.6
6,892.1
16,059.2
7,837.2
1,183.5
147,132.1
12,317.8
5,021.0
1,526.0
6,116.5
6,088.3
10,566.7
776.4
1,791.0
950.3
1,433.3
55,195.1
652.6
18,302.3
6,770.5
764.6
2,439.5
8,232.5
3,142.6
46,414.8
6,704.0
3,702.3
3,264,029
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
e per District
allue
TotalReplacemen
(million B
27,975
5,538.3
11,452
73,209
22,073
127,875
69,638
56,822
70,383
1,073,10
49,211
198,319
49,214
6,126,99
89,926
47,274
61,267
48,594
291,721
18,299
32,756
42,312
140,344
13,528
67,057
25,954
8,241.6
291,113
71,170
28,179
84,134
33,685
18,065
22,358
19,061
24,159
47,885
31,200
48,305
116,278
64,173
13,696
504,478
80,416
45,781
27,323
45,448
62,772
76,708
14,697
22,779
17,042
19,333
207,547
9,437.7
104,321
65,707
15,716
25,940
71,844
37,816
205,513
72,340
30,429
11,525,9
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
nt Value BDT)
.2
3
.4
.0
.4
5.4
.7
.3
.9
03.2
.2
9.5
.1
99.3
.5
.9
.0
.5
1.0
.8
.0
.0
4.0
.1
.6
.9
6
3.9
.8
.1
.3
.5
.3
.4
.9
.5
.2
.6
.8
8.0
.4
.3
8.6
.0
.9
.3
.4
.4
.5
.0
.7
.3
.1
7.8
7
1.5
.9
.2
.3
.1
.8
3.1
.5
.9
959
er Risk A-8144)
123 051215
5.6 D
In the dam
are superim
The AIR d
accumulat
cost of the
a structure
intensity is
runoff dep
occupancy
In the AIR
on enginee
to wind lo
occupanci
Wind dam
windows.
In addition
account fo
low‐rise (1
that wind
rise buildi
other hand
buildings
materials.
The dama
event, thu
estimation
location.
In the AIR
depends o
building is
constructio
is usually
Damage Es
mage estimatio
mposed onto
damageability
ted runoff dep
e building and
e or portfolio o
s defined in te
pth (in mm). T
y, construction
R Tropical Cyc
ering analyses
oads dependin
es, separate da
mage primarily
n, the model’s
or building hei
1‐3 stories), mi
speeds increa
ng may exper
d, while the w
are generally l
ge estimation
s capturing th
n module captu
R Tropical Cyc
on the depth of
s expected sus
on is expected
restricted to th
stimation
on (vulnerabili
a database of e
relationships,
pth and the me
the replaceme
of structures in
erms of wind s
The model offe
n, and height c
lone Model fo
s of different ty
ng upon their c
amage functio
y affects the no
s damage func
ight. Separate
id‐rise (4‐7 sto
se with height
rience much lo
wind hazard in
less vulnerabl
module devel
he effects of wi
ures storm du
lone Model fo
f inundation, a
stain more dam
d to be even les
he lower storie
ity) componen
exposed prop
or damage fu
ean damage ra
ent value. Dam
nto monetary
speed (one‐mi
ers separate wi
classes.
or Bangladesh,
ypes of buildin
characteristics
ons were deve
onstructural el
ctions for apart
damage funct
ories), and high
t, and this effe
ower wind spe
creases with h
le since they ar
lops a complet
ind duration a
uration by cons
or Bangladesh,
and building c
mage than a m
ss vulnerable
es of a buildin
nt of the mode
erties and the
unctions, repre
atio (MDR). Th
mage function
loss. In the AI
inute sustained
ind and flood
, wind vulnera
ngs subjected
such as const
loped for sing
lements of res
tment buildin
tions have bee
h‐rise (8 storie
ect is significan
eeds than the u
height, vulnera
re typically be
te time profile
and peak wind
sidering the co
, the amount o
construction, o
masonry buildi
to flood loads
ng. This means
Final Repo
el, the local int
resulting mon
esent the relati
he MDR is the
ns translate the
IR Tropical Cy
d winds at 10‐
damage funct
ability functio
to wind loads
truction and oc
gle family hom
sidential prope
ngs and comme
en developed f
es and higher)
nt. For a given
upper floors o
ability typicall
etter construct
e of wind spee
d speeds on str
omplete time p
of flood damag
occupancy and
ing for a given
s. From a flood
s that mid‐ and
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
tensities of eac
netary damag
ionship betwe
e average ratio
e intensity of t
yclone Model
‐meter height)
tions for vario
ons have been
s. Buildings re
ccupancy. In t
mes and apartm
erties, such as
ercial building
for each of thr
. Wind speed
n storm at a gi
of a high‐rise b
ly decreases. H
ted and are ma
eds at each loc
ructures. The
profile of win
ge that a build
d height. For e
n flood depth.
d hazard persp
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uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
ch simulated e
e is then calcu
een wind spee
o between the
the hazard affe
for Banglades
) and accumul
ous combinatio
developed bas
espond differe
terms of reside
ment building
cladding and
gs explicitly
ree height rang
profiles indica
ven location, a
building. On th
However, high
ade of better
ation affected
AIR damage
d speeds at ea
ding will susta
example, a ku
Concrete
pective, the im
uildings typica
er Risk A-8144)
124 051215
event
ulated.
d or
repair
ecting
sh,
lated
ons of
sed
ently
ential
s.
ges:
ate
a low‐
he
h‐rise
by an
ach
ain
tcha
mpact
ally
experience
of the buil
The flood
Numerical
Reduction
vulnerabil
vulnerabil
The wind
shown illu
proprietar
Figure
Figure
e a lower dam
lding is affecte
damage funct
l Methods in E
n (GAR). The C
lity functions a
lity functions u
and flood dam
ustratively in F
ry nature of th
61. Damage
62. Damage F
Damage
Ratio
Damage
Ratio
mage ratio for a
ed.
tions are based
Engineering (C
CIMNE metho
aimed at reflec
using referenc
mage function
Figure 61 and
he damage fun
Functions fo
Functions for
B
Kutcha
Masonry ReLow‐Rise CoMasonry NoLow‐Rise CoMid‐Rise CoHigh‐Rise C
Kutcha
Masonr
Low‐RisMid/Hig
a given flood d
d on the Globa
CIMNE, 2013)
odology consis
cting the most
ce information
s used in the i
Figure 62, resp
nctions.
or Tropical Cy
Cyc
r Flooding fro
Bangladesh T
Win
esidential
oncrete Resideon‐Residentialoncrete Non‐Roncrete Non‐RConcrete Non‐R
F
ry
se Concretegh‐Rise Concre
depth than low
al Risk Model
for the Globa
sts of proposin
t important va
n from similar
in the AIR Tro
pectively. Not
yclone Induce
clone Model
om Tropical C
Tropical Cyclo
nd Speed
ential
Residential
esidential
Residential
lood Depth
ete
Final Repo
w‐rise building
issued by the
al Assessment
ng a series of s
ariables. It con
published stu
opical Cyclone
te that plot axe
ed Wind used
Cyclone Induc
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simplified, ind
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maller propor
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dicative
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MA, 2011).
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ladesh Tropic
ation used in
er Risk A-8144)
125 051215
rtion
od
e
cal
the
5.7 M
The likelih
simulation
of wind an
where asse
calculated
country ris
of differen
to repair o
To generat
years may
are then ra
on the larg
each mode
dividing th
ranked (hi
0.002 (20/1
loss level e
and 100‐ye
The averag
term meas
all the agg
the numbe
in year tw
Table 46 an
modeled l
precipitati
separate d
exposure v
Banglades
precipitati
years.
Figure 64 a
sense of th
Modeled Lo
hood of future
n approach. Fo
nd flood from
ets in the expo
by the damag
sk profile via a
nt severities th
or replace dam
te the EP curv
y have multiple
anked from hi
gest event loss
eled year). Fin
he rank of the
ighest loss) ev
10,000) or 0.40%
equals the inv
ear return per
ge annual loss
sure of loss tha
gregate loss est
er of years the
o and 4 millio
nd Figure 63 s
osses are due
ion (e.g., the m
discussion on t
value, which g
sh are collectiv
ion exceeding
and Figure 65
he geographica
oss Summa
e losses due to
or each simula
precipitation
osure database
ge estimation m
an exceedance
hat will occur w
maged/destroye
ve, the loss for
e events, some
ghest loss to lo
s within each m
nally, EPs corre
loss year by t
ent would hav
%, the 100th‐r
erse of EP: EP
iods.
s (AAL) is the
at, on average,
timates for eac
catalog consid
on in loss in ye
show the tropi
to damage to
modeled losses
these topics in
gives a sense o
vely expected t
about USD 2.4
illustrate the
al distribution
ary
tropical cyclo
ated event in th
intensity mea
e are modeled
module. The r
e probability (E
within the nex
ed buildings.
each simulate
e a single even
owest loss, ba
modeled year)
esponding to e
the number of
ve an EP of 0.0
ranked event a
Ps of 0.01%, 0.2
mean value of
, can be expec
ch year for the
ders. For exam
ear seven, the A
ical cyclone m
buildings from
s presented he
a later section
of the relative i
to incur an an
4 billion (or ab
modeled aggr
n of the losses t
one events of d
he stochastic c
sures. The inte
. For each eve
results of this r
EP) curve. The
xt year. The mo
ed event in eac
nt, and some n
sed on loss fig
) or aggregate lo
each loss—occ
years in the c
0001 (1/10,000)
an EP of 0.01 (1
20%, and 1.00%
f a loss exceed
cted to be expe
e events in the
mple, over the
AAL for this p
modeled loss ri
m tropical cycl
ere do not cons
n). The table al
impact. For ex
nual loss due
bout 1.6% of th
regate‐based a
throughout Ba
Final Repo
different sever
catalog, the ha
ensity values a
ent, the effects
repeated simu
e risk profile e
odeled losses
ch modeled ye
no events. The
gures calculate
oss (based on
currence or ag
atalog. Thus f
) or 0.01%, the
100/10,000) or
%, for example
dance probabil
erienced annu
e stochastic cat
course of 10 y
period would b
sk profile for B
lone induced
sider storm su
lso shows the
xample, Table
to tropical cyc
he total value)
average annua
angladesh. Fig
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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rity has been e
azard model co
are then extra
s on modeled a
ulation are the
expresses the l
reflect the esti
ear is calculate
e losses from th
ed for either oc
the sum of all
ggregate—are
for a 10,000‐ye
e 20th‐ranked
r 1.00%. The re
e, correspond
lity (EP) distri
ally. It is comp
talog and divi
years, if there i
be (1+4)/10 = 0
Bangladesh. N
wind and floo
urge or other s
losses relative
46 shows that
clone wind an
) on average, o
al loss (AAL) b
gure 64, which
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
estimated via a
omputes the f
cted to all loca
assets are
n assembled i
likelihood of l
imated cost ne
ed. Some mod
he modeled ye
ccurrence loss (
event losses o
calculated by
ear catalog, the
event an EP o
eturn period fo
to 10,000‐, 500
ibution. It is a
puted by sum
ding the total
is 1 million in
0.5 million in l
Note that the
oding from
sectors – refer
e to the model
t buildings in
nd flood from
once every 100
by District, to g
h plots the abs
er Risk A-8144)
126 051215
a
fields
ations
in the
osses
eeded
deled
ears
(based
of
e top‐
of
or a
0‐,
long
ming
by
loss
loss.
to a
led
0
give a
solute
AAL, show
Khulna). T
AAL norm
along the c
ws that large c
This is expecte
malized by exp
coast, as expec
Table
Return Peri(years)
2 5 10 20 50 100 500
Average AnnuaNote: Mo
Figur
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
Modeled
Loss
(Million
USD)
Tr
concentrations
ed, as these dis
posure value, s
cted (e.g. refer
e 46. Tropical
iod Aggreg
Mod
(mill
1
5
9
1
1
2
3
al (AAL) 3
deled loss due to
e 63. Tropica
AAL
opical Cyclo
Aggrega
Occurre
Note: Model
from tropicafrom precipit
s of AAL are in
stricts have lar
shows that the
r Figure 1).
l Cyclone Mo
gate‐Based deled Loss lion USD)
Ag
N
E
134.2
539.1
908.9
,302.3
,917.2
,403.1
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331.4
damage to buildinprecipitat
al Cyclone Mo
2 5
Mea
one Modeled
ate
ence
ed loss due to daml cyclone induced tation (no storm s
n districts with
rge concentrat
e highest relati
deled Loss R
ggregate‐BasedModeled Loss Normalized by Exposure Value
0.09%
0.36%
0.61%
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ngs from tropical ction (no storm sur
odeled Loss R
10 2
n Return Perio
d Loss Risk P
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h major cities
tions of exposu
ive impact of t
Risk Profile fo
Occurrence‐BaModeled Los(million USD
103.0
403.6
708.3
1,042.7
1,548.1
2,000.6
3,204.1
259.1
cyclone induced wrge).
Risk Profile fo
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ased ss D)
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100 50
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11049 FINAL REP 0
Chittagong, an
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ne risk is situa
h
nce‐Based ed Loss lized by re Value 07% 27% 47% 70% 03% 34% 14% 17% from
sh
0
er Risk A-8144)
127 051215
nd
plots
ated
Figure 64
Figure 65
4. Tropical Cy
5. Tropical Cy
clone Modele
yclone Model
ed Aggregate
ed Aggregate
Value, for Ba
e-Based Avera
e-Based Aver
angladesh by
Final Repo
age Annual L
rage Annual L
y District
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Loss for Bang
Loss, Norma
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11049 FINAL REP 0
gladesh by D
lized by Expo
er Risk A-8144)
128 051215
istrict
osure
5.8 C
Coastal resurge mod
Cyclone Mgeneral risresults of t
To assess toverlaid oSpace Resehistorical cbasis for thwere digitFor the SPare definedbetween 0final analyBhola Distzone.
For each Dquantify tha “High Rin Table 48calibration
surge. For modeled eto consideBhola is pastorm surg
The effect directly froAAL with
the consid
Considerat
gions of Bangldeling can takeModel for Bangsk due to stormthe existing tro
the concentratn publically aearch and Remcyclones fromhe geographictized using GISPARRSO map, d by inundatio.5 to 6 meters.
ysis. Results oftrict, over 95%
District, a qualhe general surisk” zone, it is8. These loss fan on past recenexample, a lo
event, the troper the effect of articularly at‐rge risk for each
of these factorom the model
the applicatioderation of stor
ion of the
ladesh are hige several yearsgladesh does nm surge, a seriopical cyclone
tion of assets pvailable stormmote Sensing O 1960 to 2007 fcal distributionS software and“High Risk” aon depths gre. The higher off the GIS analy
% of the modele
itative descriprge risk as shos classified as “actors, which nt events, is aposs factor of 5 hpical cyclone lostorm surge forisk to storm sh District in B
rs on the losse (which does non of the stormrm surge.
Effect of S
ghly exposed ts to develop. Gnot explicitly cies of analysese model.
potentially expm surge risk mOrganization (from the Bangn of storm surgd were overlaiand “Risk” zoater than 6 me
f the two risk ysis are shown
ed exposure v
ptor (storm surwn in Table 48“Red”. Finallyis based prima
pplied to each has been assigosses (due to wor that Districsurge, as notedangladesh. As
es is shown Fignot include stom surge loss fa
Storm Surg
to storm surgeGiven the scopconsider the efs were perform
posed to stormaps. The tropi(SPARRSO) angladesh Instituge risk (e.g., seid on the expones are self‐deeters and “Riskzone definition in Table 47. Fvalue is in the
rge risk index 8. Since Bholay, the storm suarily on availaDistrict to inc
gned to Bhola Dwind and prect. A similar prd during the 1s expected, onl
gure 68 – the lorm surge), wactors. As expe
Final Repo
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e risk. Due to ipe and timelin
ffect of storm smed using ava
m surge risk, thical cyclone risnd an inundatute of Water Mee Figure 66). osure databaseefined. For thek” zones are dons from theseFor example, t“Risk” zone a
– red, yellow,
a District has ourge risk indexable historical corporate the eDistrict, which
cipitation) are rocedure is do970 Bhola Cycly coastal area
left image showwhile the right iected, the losse
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its complexity,
ne of this TA, tsurge. In ordeailable public i
he exposure dsk map from ttion risk map gModeling (IWM
These publicae derived for te IWM map, “defined by inue two maps is cthe analysis inand 46% is in th
, or green) is tover 40% of itsx is assigned adata and judgeffects of losseh means that fmultiplied byone for coastal clone. Figure 6as are at risk to
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, explicit stormthe AIR Tropicer to assess theinformation an
atabase was the Bangladeshgenerated fromM) were used aally available mthe current proHigh Risk” zoundation depthconsidered in ndicates that inhe “High Risk
then given to s exposure valua loss factor as gment, as well
es due to stormfor any given y 5 for Bhola DDistrict. Note
67 plots the ino storm surge.
lized AAL comthe normalize
oast are larger
er Risk A-8144)
129 051215
m cal e nd
h m 18 as the maps oject. ones hs the n k”
ue in listed l as m
District e that ferred .
ming ed r with
Figure 66
6. General Sto
Table
StorRis
Y
G
orm Surge Ri
Table 47. Re
District
Cox's Bazar
Bhola
Chittagong
Barguna
Patuakhali
Noakhali
Lakshmipur
Jhalokati
Pirojpur
Barisal
Feni
Bagerhat
Satkhira
Khulna
Shariatpur
Chandpur
e 48. Definitio
rm Surge sk Index
Red O
Yellow
Green
isk in Bangla
elative Storm
Modeled ExpoValue at “Risfor Storm Su
>95%
>95%
>95%
>95%
>95%
>95%
>95%
>95%
>95%
>95%
92%
55%
9%
55%
73%
50%
on of Surge R
Over 40% of Exp
Over 95% of E
Over 25% of E
desh from SP
m Surge Risk E
osure sk”
urge
ModeValue a
for S
Risk Index and
Definition
posure Value in “
Exposure Value i
Exposure Value in
Final Repo
PARRSO (left
Exposure by
led Exposure at “High Risk”
Storm Surge
83%
46%
23%
22%
22%
20%
5%
<5%
<5%
<5%
6%
<5%
<5%
<5%
<5%
<5%
d Associated
High Risk” Zone
n “Risk” Zone
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t image) and
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Storm Surge Risk Index
Red
Red
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
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Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
d Loss Factor
Loss Facto
e 5
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IWM (right im
rs
or
er Risk A-8144)
130 051215
mage)
Figure 6
8. Normalized
and
Figure 67
d Average An
d Results Co
7. Inferred Sto
nnual Loss by
nsidering the
orm Surge Ri
y District – Re
e Effect of Sto
Final Repo
isk in Bangla
esults Directl
orm Surge (R
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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desh
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Right Image)
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Model (Left Im
er Risk A-8144)
131 051215
mage)
5.9 V
In general,Several recfor BanglaRashmi, 20main objecincluding The tropicTRMM.
Note that texample, ois due to wRashmi, re
Figure 69 sDistrict, ofpopulation
normalize
Figure 6
Validation o
, all model comcent historicaladesh. These in009 TC Bijli, 20ctives of the vathe hazard, dacal cyclone eve
the events seleover 95% and wind damage. espectively, is
shows an examf the reported n) is compared
d the exposur
69. Tropical C
on Historic
mponents andl tropical cyclonclude most o009 TC Aila, 2alidation procamage functioent parameters
ected for the v75% of the mo
On the other hdue to precip
mple validatioimpact (displad with the mo
re value). In ge
Cyclone Sidr –
cal Events
d model lossesone events wer
f the recent m2012 TC BOB 0cess was to vetons, and overas necessary for
validation encoodeled loss frohand, over 95%itation induce
on exercise forayed as the redeled impact eneral, the mo
– Reported Im
s are validatedre modeled to
major tropical c01, 2013 TC Ma
t the major comll loss estimat
r model input
ompass both rom the 1991 Ba% and 90% of ed flooding da
Tropical Cyclported numbe
(displayed as deled results c
mpact (Left Im
Final Repo
d with the lateso validate the Acyclones, such ahasen, and thmponents of thtes, both on a gt are generally
rain‐heavy andangladesh Cycthe modeled l
amage.
lone Sidr. Theer of people afthe inferred locompare favor
mage) and Mo
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st available daAIR Tropical Cas 2007 TC Sihe 1991 Banglahe catastropheglobal scale any derived from
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11049 FINAL REP 0
ata and scienceCyclone Risk Mdr, 2008 TC adesh Cyclonee risk model, nd a regional sm IBTrACS and
events. For Sidr, respectivTC Aila and T
l variation, by lized by the ng storm surgee reported imp
ted (Right Im
er Risk A-8144)
132 051215
e. Model
e. The
scale. d
vely, TC
e pact.
age)
6 Tro
This sectioTable 49 anBanglades
(see Sectio(TC) Risk
Since the Tadjustmen
factor of 1coastal Disanalyses othe effect oaccount foproject is rassets (sucmodeled alosses avaiCyclone Rsimplified
important and the infeffects). Nimpact exp
As shown on averagechance thafinancial imother peril
Based on tincurred b2009 Cycloalthough tfloods are
opical C
on presents thend Figure 70, sh (aggregate‐bon 3.2.2). The tModel.
TC model doents are made to.5 to account fstricts are amp
of this amplific
of storm surgeor the effect of residential andch as crops, agassets, the mod
ilable for TropRisk Model is m approach is bto stress the dferred modeled evertheless, thpected in Bang
in Table 49 ane per year dueat the financialmpact from flols (such as sev
the estimated by the 2004 floone Aila, and 2there is large uexpected to b
yclone a
e risk profile orepresents thebased). Recall ropical cyclon
s not explicitlyo the TC mode
for the effect oplified by a faccation on the se. Second, the losses to non‐d non‐residentgriculture, anddeled loss is mpical Cyclone Smultiplied by abased on limite
difference betwloss (which is he inferred mo
gladesh due to
nd Figure 70, Be to cyclone anl impact from oods will excevere storm and
risk profile, thods is expecte2013 Cyclone uncertainty in e greater than
and Floo
of tropical cycle estimated finthat the flood
ne losses are de
y consider theeled loss. Firstof storm surge.ctor of 1.5, 2.5,simulated evenlosses from th‐modeled assetial buildings. d infrastructuremultiplied by aSidr. Thus, thea factor of 3.0 ed available inween the modea simple ampl
odeled loss is ao tropical cyclo
Bangladesh is nd flood (or abcyclones will eed 12.4 billiond earthquake)
he flooding in ed to be exceedMahasen, are trending the l
n a 100 year ev
od Risk
lones and floonancial impact
d losses are inferived from th
e effect of stormt, the losses fro. As described, or 5.0 to accont losses, the Ehe modeled EPets. Recall that Due to the pre), were not ma factor of two
e losses from tto considerednformation aneled loss (which
lification of than appropriateone.
expected incubout 2.2% of thexceed 7.2 biln USD next yeare much less
2004 is expectded on averagexpected to belosses to curreent, each.
Final Repo
Profile
ods in Bangladt (due to dama
ferred from anhe detailed pro
m surge and loom the modele
d in a previousount for the imEP curve is “amP curve are mu
the modeled roject scope anmodeled. To aco. This is basedthe EP curve dd non‐modeled
nd has a high dh is based on ahe modeled lose proxy to qua
ur a financial imhe 2014 GDP).lion USD nextear. It is expectsevere than cy
ted to be a 10 yge once every 1e 20, 5, and 2 yent (2014) valu
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of Bang
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osses to non‐bed EP curve as section, the mmpact of stormmplified” by 1ultiplied by a fexposure consnd timeline, otccount for lossd primarily onderived from td effects. Note degree of uncea rigorous probsses to accounantify the over
mpact of abou Furthermore,
t year, and a 1ted that the finyclone and flo
year event (e.g10 years). The year events, reues. The 1991 C
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gladesh
profile, shown
for all sectors iistorical floodR Tropical Cyc
building assetsre multiplied bmodeled lossesm surge. Based 1.5 to account factor of 2.0 tosidered for thither sectors anses to these non reported sectthe AIR Tropicthat the use o
ertainly. Thus,babilistic mod
nt for non‐mod
rall financial
ut 3.2 billion U, there is a 1% % chance thatnancial risk froood.
g., the level of 2007 Cyclone espectively, Cyclone and 1
er Risk A-8144)
133 051215
n in in data clone
s, two by a s for on for o is nd on‐tor cal of this it is del) deled
USD
t the om
loss Sidr,
998
0
0
0
0
Ave
2,00
4,00
6,00
8,00
10,00
12,00
14,00
16,00
18,00
Economic
Impact
(M USD)
Table 4
EP
0.5 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.002 rage Annual Lo
Figure 7
0
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
AAL
Cycl
Floo
49. Qualitative
MRP M
2 5 1
10 2
20 3
50 5
100 7
500 1
oss (AAL)
70. Qualitativ
2 5
Mean Re
lone
od
e Risk Profile
Eco
Cyclone M USD % G403 0.3
1,617 1.1
2,727 1.9
3,907 2.7
5,752 3.9
7,209 4.9
10,958 7.4
994 0.7
ve Risk Profile
10 20
eturn Period (Y
Final Repo
e of Banglade
onomic Impac
GDP M US3% 1,002
1% 3,861
9% 5,864
7% 7,574
9% 10,15
9% 12,43
4% 15,29
7% 2,210
e of Banglade
50 100
Years)
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
esh
ct Flood
SD % GDP 2 0.7% 1 2.6% 4 4.0% 4 5.1% 52 6.9% 36 8.4% 95 10.4% 0 1.5%
esh
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
500
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
Economic
Impact
(% GDP)
er Risk A-8144)
134 051215
7 Fu
A funding
funding av
availability
in Banglad
when repo
comprised
internation
be shown t
economica
governmen
for the mo
7.1 D
The fundin
together co
2000 to 201
various pu
For both d
multiple p
accuracy.
The damag
tropical cy
the several
Bank, Mun
consequen
The dama
resulting f
Unfortuna
and privat
public sect
used to inf
nding G
g gap is defined
vailable to mee
y of detailed e
desh is limited
orted figures w
d of various com
nal organizatio
to encourage g
ally rational. O
nt under differ
ost appropriate
Data Collec
ng gap analysi
omprehensive
13. The inform
ublicly‐availab
damage and fu
persons, which
ge information
yclones, earthq
l sources as de
nichRE, and se
nce are provide
ge data presen
funding gap co
ately, there is n
te losses specif
tor damage is,
fer the portion
Gap Anal
d as the residu
et those losses
economic loss d
. However, su
were not availa
mponents of fu
ons. Full ident
governments t
Overall, the ass
rent disaster s
e option of disa
ction Metho
is presented in
e damage and f
mation has been
ble sources pub
nding informa
h was also cross
n relates to rep
quakes, storms
escribed previo
everal agencies
ed in Section 4
nted here repr
omputed illus
no reliable dat
fically for Ban
, in general, ap
n of the govern
lysis
ual between tot
. An accurate f
data due to na
bstantial effor
able (e.g., refer
unding with d
tification of the
that greater inv
sessments attem
cenarios and e
aster risk man
odology an
n this study rel
funding inform
n compiled by
blished by the
ation, the exten
s‐checked by d
ported moneta
and floods. Th
ously, includin
s of the Govern
4.
resents the tota
strates total ga
ta available to
ngladesh. Base
pproximated a
nment’s catast
tal annual loss
funding gap an
atural hazards.
rt was allocated
r to the previou
data acquired f
e resources allo
vestment in ex
mpt to identify
explore how sp
agement instru
nd Sources
lies on an exten
mation related
a meticulous
Government o
nsive library an
different team
ry damages ca
he monetary d
ng EMDAT, th
nment of Bang
al economic lo
p that exists b
provide a clea
ed on the opin
at around 85%
trophe respons
Final Repo
ses incurred as
nalysis is only
. In general, th
d to infer the l
us section). Th
from local gov
ocated to disas
x‐ante disaster
y the level of c
pending dema
ruments.
s
nsive data coll
d to catastroph
library and int
of Bangladesh
nd internet sea
members to e
aused by four
damage inform
he Dartmouth F
gladesh. More
oss sustained b
borne by both p
ar distinction
nions of some e
% of the total d
sibility. Howe
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
s a consequenc
y possible thro
he availability o
losses of major
he funding inf
vernment agen
ster risks is as
risk finance i
contingent liab
ands need to b
lection which
hes in Banglade
ternet search w
and internatio
arch has been
ensure data re
different types
mation has bee
Flood Observa
details on the
by all sectors;
private and pu
of responsibil
experts polled
damage and co
ever, extreme
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
ce of disasters
ough the
of this type of
r catastrophes
formation is
ncies and
ssessed, which
nstruments is
bility of the
be spread ove
has brought
esh for the per
which covered
onal organiza
conducted b
eliability and
s of perils, i.e.,
en compiled fro
atory, the Wor
e disaster
therefore, the
ublic sectors.
ity between pu
d in this study
ould potentiall
caution shoul
er Risk A-8144)
135 051215
and
data
s
h can
r time
riod
d
ations.
by
,
om
rld
ublic
y, the
ly be
ld
always be
amount of
The fundinrehabilitat
response. Tfollowing
A
Fi
(U
Ec
The expencosts of a t
Funding inmade imm
relevant exgovernmen
“funding rdifficulties
allocated tmillion) pecatastroph
example othe Centraemergency
significant
Table 50 ddamages) the fundinaid on disafunding avtotal fundi
used when ap
f uncertainty a
ng information
tion projects; iiThe funding insources:
Annual Develoinancial TrackUN‐OCHA) (hconomic Relat
nditures for rectotal of 55 uniq
nformation wa
mediately afterxpenditures arnt budget, as wreserved for uns associated wi
to this entire buer annum. In thes; for other yf other small pal Bank of Bangy response. Ovt difference to
displays all thefor flood, seveng amounts foraster‐related evailable to the ing constitutes
pplying any fa
associated with
n is comprised
i) humanitaria
nformation has
pment Prograking Services ohttp://fts.unoch
tions Division,
covery and rehque tenders im
as not availablr the natural pere generally cowell as other smnforeseen incidith isolating a udget item, tohe major disasyears it is not enpockets of avaigladesh), whic
verall, not incothe figures rel
relevant figurere storm, earthr recovery andmergency respcountry in thes the funding g
actor that is no
h this value.
d of three comp
an aid; and iii)s been obtaine
am of the Plannof the United Nha.org/) , Ministry of F
habilitation promplemented ov
e for some emeril by the Banovered in the “mall pockets odents” could nparticular exp
o be used for anster years, it isntirely clear hoilable fundingch spares 50 morporating thelated to total av
res. Specificallyhquake, and trd rehabilitationponse. The sume case of catasgap.
ot derived with
ponents of funforeign aid oned for each resp
ning Commiss
Nations Office
Finance
ojects have beever the period 2
mergency‐respongladeshi gove“funding reservof money availnot be obtainedpenditure in thny unforeseenhighly likely tow much was
in other bureamillion BDT (USafore‐mention
vailable fundin
y, the table conropical cyclonen projects, the hm of these thrstrophes. Final
Final Repo
h reliable quan
nding: i) expenn assistance dispective fundin
sion, Ministry
e for the Coord
en derived fro2000 to 2013.
onse expendituernment to aidved for unforelable in bureaud from the Min
he mentioned bn incident, stanthat the full al spent on catasaucratic layersSD 0.71 million
ned small allocng, and hence
nsists of total ae. On the fundhumanitarian
ree funding colly, the dispari
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ntitative data
nditures made saster‐related ng component
y of Planning dination of Hu
m the approve
ures (i.e., expend the affected geseen incidentsucratic layers. nistry of Finanbudget item. Tnds at 1 billion llocation was sstrophe‐relates is the Banglan) every year scations is unlike, for our analy
annual economding side, the aid into Bang
omponents ma
ity between to
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
as there is a la
on the recoveremergency from the
umanitarian A
ed procureme
nditures that agroups). The s” item in theThe data on nce due to variThe total amou
BDT (i.e., USDspent on ed expenses. Aadesh Bank (i.esince 2012 to akely to have aysis.
mic costs (losstable docume
gladesh, and foakes up the tottal damage an
er Risk A-8144)
136 051215
arge
ry and
Affairs
ent
are
ious unt D 14
An e., aid
and ents oreign tal nd
Ye
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
201
201
201
201
TOTA
Note
Table 50. Disas
ear Disaster‐REconomic
00 582 01 85 02 1,072
03 1,042
04 2,335
05 139 06 27 07 2,744
08 145 09 1,206
10 254 11 186 12 626 13 350 AL 10,791
: All figures in the t
ster Related Econ
Related Impact Fundin
rehab
1
table are rounded t
nomic Impact and
ng for recovery and bilitation projects
61
67
129
8
60
95
58
73
111
38
52
64
47
34
897
to the nearest integ
d Funding Gap in
Disaster‐Relate
Humanitarian Aid
5
2
6
4
109
6
12
300
43
37
31
66
32
26
679
ger, and therefore, m
Final Report on CaFinanc
n Bangladesh fro
d Funding
Foreign Aid onDisaster‐Relate
Emergency Response
N/A
N/A
0
0
209
0
0
645
186
52
1
0
0.2
N/A
1,093
minor variations in
apacity Building for Disce in Bangladesh (ADB
SF13-1049 FINAL R
om 2000-2013 (Mi
n ed
Total Fundin
66
69
135
11
378
101
71
1,018
339
128
84
131
79
60
2,669
the summation are
saster Risk B TA-8144)
137 REP 051215
llion USD)
Funding Gap
ng
516
16
937
1,030
1,957
38
‐441,726
‐1941,078
170
55
547
290
8,123
e due to rounding.
7.2 E
There wer
Tropical CUSD, respeAila), with
experience
damage duBanglades
Among thcaused by billion USDdamages a
7.3 F
Three comrehabilitat
response. Fonly availa
Additiona
early recovinformatio
there was adequately
7.3.1 F
Figure 71 ddrawn fromprojects imconsultant
16 Altogether
implemen
multiple yavailable,
in order toof an earli
Economic I
e two major diCyclone Sidr inectively. Otherh the associateded any major cue to natural psh experienced
e four types offloods and tr
D and 3.3 billare caused by
Funding
mponents make
tion projects, iiFunding data iable from 2002
ally, the time dvery and reconon was availabnot enough dey understand
Funding for
displays the fum the Annual mplemented ovt team to arrive
r, 55 unique projntation period, anyears. Some are e the procuremen
o prevent the duier project, that e
mpact from
isaster years dn 2007. The disr significant did economic imcatastrophe sinperils of about d a total disaste
f major perils copical cyclonelion USD due ty floods and tro
e up most of thi) humanitaria
s generally com2 to 2012 due to
dimension of funstruction wer
ble to make a retailed data avthe time dime
r Recovery
unding amoun
Development
ver the period e at the annua
jects and three prnd procurement extended year bynt amount was aluplication in the fextension phase w
m Disaster
during the studasters of theseisaster years wmpacts standinnce 2010, the p350 million USer‐related dam
considered, byes. Over the peto tropical cyclopical cyclone
he available fuan aid into Banmplete for theo lack of data i
unding flows re considered;reliable evaluavailable on proension of fund
y and Reha
nts for the recot Plan of the Pl2000 to 2013. T
al project costs
roject extensionsamount is used y year if unfinishllocated to the firfunding amounts
was allocated to
rs
dy period in Bae years generatwere 2002 and 2g near 1 billoneriod 2010 to 2SD. In terms o
mage of about 1
y far the most seriod 2000 to 2lones, meanin
es during the st
nding for catangladesh, and i years 2000 toin these years.
relative to the; however, thiation. While soject timelines
ding flows with
abilitation
overy and rehaanning Comm
The projects wthat are free o
s were assessed oin order to identhed in the designrst year in which
s. For a few projethe first year it a
Final Repo
angladesh. Thted economic i2003 (floods),n USD. Althou2013 has still wof the total dam10.8 billion US
significant am013, the total d
ng that over 95%tudy period.
astrophes: i) fuiii) foreign aid o2013, except th.
e timeline of fus type of data some data on ps nor was the dh any confiden
Projects
abilitation (RRmission (Minist
were subjectedof duplication o
over the period 2tify the unique pnated time periodh the project appeects which are exappears.
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
hese were the 2impacts of 2.3 and 2009 (Tr
ugh the countwitnessed an mage, reports SD over the per
mount of monet
damage due to% of the total d
unding for recoon disaster‐relahat data for for
unding requirewas limited aproject duratiodata compreh
nce.
R) projects. Thetry of Planningto close scrutiover years.16
2000‐2013. The prprojects. Some prod. Where the time
ears in the Annuxplicitly mention
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
2004 floods, anand 2.7 billio
ropical Cyclonry has not average annuaindicate that riod 2000 to 2
tary damages
o floods was 7disaster‐relate
overy and ated emergency reign aid figure
ements for reland not enougon was reviewhensive enough
e information
g) for 55 uniquiny by the
roject name, ojects appear in eline of the projeual Development ned as the second
er Risk A-8144)
138 051215
nd on ne
al
2013.
is .1 d
es are
lief, gh wed, h to
is ue
ect is plan d phase
The projeccatastroph
Fl
C
M
se
H
R
O
The total pforeign conInternation
Japan Intertotal finan
Focusing othe major pmost casesfollowing
The 2010‐2despite thethe recove2013 perio
cts cover a varhes, including:
lood rehabilitaCyclone rehabilMaintenance, reecondary, highHouse construcecovery and re
Other emergenc
procurement contributors. Ma
nal Developmrnational Coopnce, with the re
on each year, Fperils of 2002, 2s. An interestia major disas
2013 period wi
e absence of anry and rehabilod.
iety of tenders
ation projects, litation projecehabilitation, aher secondary ction for flood‐estoration projcy cyclone reco
ost of 55 uniquajor foreign conent Agency), Aperation Agenest of the procu
Figure 71 dem2003, 2004, 200ing feature in tster, such as in
itnessed an avny major peril.litation efforts
s aimed for re
cts, and restorationschools), and o‐affected landljects for agricuovery and reha
ue projects oventributor organAsian Developncy, and Germa
urement cost b
onstrates that07 and 2009 rethe data is thatn the year 2005
erage funding. The available following the
covery, rehabi
n of flood‐affecother urban iness people, ultural crops, abilitation pro
er 2000‐2013 isnizations inclupment Bank, Jaan KfW. Thesebeing domesti
the total amou
emained extremt the RR fundin and 2008.
g allocations ste information oe 2007 Sidr and
Final Repo
ilitation and p
cted educationnfrastructures,
ojects.
s USD 897 mill
uded the Worl
apan Overseae foreign conically financed
unt of RR fundmely modest, ing typically so
tanding at abouon projects sugd 2009 Aila cyc
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
prevention pro
nal buildings (
lion. Of all the ld Bank (includas Economic Contributors mad
d.
ding for the dai.e., below USDoared over the
ut USD 50 mil
ggest that this clones spilled o
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
ojects relating
e.g., primary,
55 projects, 2ding its ooperation Fude up to 61% of
amages causedD 100 per yeaprevious year
llion per yearis because soover to the 20
er Risk A-8144)
139 051215
to
29 had
nd, f the
d by ar in
r ome of 10‐
Figure 71
7.3.2 H
An import
compiled b
of the hum
Humanita
cooking oi
intravenou
sanitary la
jerry can),
consisted o
Figure 72 i
period, i.e
is noted th
2007. Othe
17 On the obj
real‐time Crescent morganizat
1. Funding fo
Humanitaria
tant componen
by Financial T
manitarian aid
arian aid into B
il, cooking uten
us fluids, essen
atrines, oral reh
shelter, and ot
of safe water a
indicates that t
., almost USD
hat 2004 and 20
er years, inclu
jectives of the Findatabase that recmovement, bilatetions. “ (http://ww
0100
200
300
Fundin
g for
Pro
jects
r Recovery a
Inves
an Aid
nt of available
Tracking Servic
that flows into
Bangladesh typ
nsils, and othe
ntial drugs), w
hydration salts
ther relief mat
and water puri
the year 2007 w
300 million, fo
007 constitute
ding the Aila c
nancial Trackingcords all reporteeral aid, in‐kind ww.unocha.org/w
200
Fu
nd Rehabilita
stment Progra
funding in the
ces of the UN‐O
o Bangladesh i
pically include
er food packag
water and wate
s), clothing (fo
terial for disast
ifiers to preven
witnessed the
ollowed by 200
the major disa
cyclone year 2
g Service, the UNd international haid and private what‐we‐do/hum
02
unding for Reco(
ation Projects
am, Planning
e case of catast
OCHA (http://
is upon catastr
ed food (i.e., ric
ges), medical ai
er purification t
r children and
ter victims. An
nt any disease
highest amou
04, which saw
aster years, du
009, saw relati
N‐OCHA web sitehumanitarian aiddonations). All Fmanitarian‐finan
2006Year
overy and Reha(Millions of USD
Final Repo
s in Banglade
Commission
trophes is hum
/fts.unocha.or
rophes.17
ce, lentil, whea
id (i.e., medici
tablets, hygien
d adults), fami
n important am
or epidemics
unt of humanit
an aid amoun
ue to floods in 2
ively low amo
e reads: “The Find (including that FTS data are provncing/appeals‐sys
2010
abilitation ProjeD)
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
esh 2000-2013
n)
manitarian aid
rg) suggests th
at, salt, high en
ine, medical su
ne material (so
ily kits (i.e., ten
mount of hum
in the post‐dis
tarian aid durin
nt of around U
2004 and flood
ounts of human
nancial Tracking for NGOs and thvided by donorsstem)
201
ects
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
3 (Source: An
. The informat
at more than 9
nergy biscuits,
upplements,
oap, bleach,
nt, blanket, ru
anitarian aid
saster period.
ng the study
USD 100 million
d and TC Sidr
nitarian aid. T
Service is a globhe Red Cross/Re or recipient
14
er Risk A-8144)
140 051215
nnual
tion
95%
,
gs,
n. It
in
The
bal, d
available i
with post‐
correspond
A number
humanitar
make up th
Kingdom t
the highes
nformation su
2007 average b
ds to a total of
r of donor gove
rian aid efforts
he 90% of the h
tops the list w
t amount with
01
00
200
300
400
Hum
anita
ria
n A
id
uggests that the
being nearly d
f USD 679 mill
ernments and
s through seve
humanitarian
ith USD 45 mi
h almost USD 1
Figure 72. H
(Source: F
2002
Human
e pre‐2007 hum
doubled, USD 3
ion over the p
international o
eral domestic c
aid for each o
illion worth of
160 million.
Humanitarian
Financial Trac
itarian Aid in
manitarian aid
37 million per
eriod 2000 to 2
organizations
channels. Figur
of 2004 floods a
humanitarian
n Aid into Ban
cking Service
2006Year
nto Banglade
Final Repo
d average was
annum. The l
2013.
around the w
re 73 presents
and 2007 Sidr c
n aid, while in
ngladesh 200
es of the UN-O
201
esh (Millions
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
USD 20.5 mill
long‐term hum
world have con
s the donor gov
cyclone. In 200
2007 Saudi Ar
00-2013
OCHA)
0
s of USD)
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
ion per annum
manitarian aid
tributed to the
vernments tha
04, the United
rabia contribu
2014
er Risk A-8144)
141 051215
m,
d
e
at
ted
Figu
7.3.3 F
Banglades
world from
among oth
organizati
United Na
Labour Or
(UNIDO).
110 project
Figure 74 p
2002 and 2
2007 Sidr c
this year in
agreement
18 Source: ht
ure 73. Human
Foreign Aid
sh receives one
m a number of
hers, the Unite
ions include th
ations Develop
rganization (IL
In the year 20
ts spanning di
portrays the an
2012. It is evide
cyclone witnes
ncluded WB‐ID
t titles are reco
tp://www.erd.go
N
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European Comm
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United Ki
nitarian Aid b
d on Disast
e of the highest
f internationa
d States, Japa
he Asian Deve
pment Program
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12 alone, Ban
iverse areas.1
nnual foreign a
ent that emerg
ssed more than
DA with USD
orded to be flo
ov.bd/index.php/
0 1Hu
Norway
Sweden
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mission
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erlands
ustralia
ngdom
Figure 4
2004
by Donors for
Bangladesh
ter-Related
t amounts of fo
al donors and
an, EU, the UK
elopment Bank
mme (UNDP),
men, and the U
ngladesh receiv8
aid on disaster
gency related f
n USD 600 mil
323 million, A
od relief and
/publications/flo
5 30umanitarian Aid
4a. 2004 Flo
4 Floods and 200
Humanitar
r the 2004 Flo
h (Source: UN
d Emergen
oreign aid on d
aid agencies. I
K, Germany, N
k (ADB), the F
, the Islamic D
United Nations
ved a total amo
r‐related emer
foreign aid is s
llion worth of
ADB with USD
rehabilitation
w‐of‐external‐re
45
ods
N
Uni
European Co
Sa
07 Sidr Cyclone
rian Aid by D
Final Repo
oods and 2007
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ncy Respon
disaster‐related
Its developme
Netherlands, an
ood and Agric
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s Industrial De
ount of USD 5
rgency respons
significant onl
f foreign aid. T
D 125 million, I
n assistance, an
esources
0 30
Canada
Sweden
Germany
Norway
Italy
etherlands
Kuwait
ited States
ommission
CERF
audi Arabia
Figure 4
(Millions of USD
Donors
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
7 Tropical Cy
nse
mmergency re
ent partner cou
nd China. The
culture Organi
Bank (IDB), the
evelopment O
5,855 million fo
se for Banglad
ly in major dis
The three majo
IDB with USD
nd several supp
0 60 90 12Humanitarian A
4b. 2007 Sid
)
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
yclone Sidr in
esponse in the
untries include
donor
ization (FAO),
e International
Organization
oreign aid thro
desh for the p
saster years. T
or contributors
130 million. T
plemental fina
20 150Aid
dr Cyclone
er Risk A-8144)
142 051215
n
e,
, the
l
ough
eriod
The
s in
The
ancing
for floods a
related for
during 200
The total fo
USD 1,093
not able to
unlikely to
major disa
Figure 7
Flow of
7.3.4 T
Figure 75 b
sum of fun
response. T
that the to
and for for
funding fo
with foreig
country in
and municipa
reign aid, whil
02 to 2012 do n
oreign aid on d
3 million. The f
o be obtained d
o make a differ
asters in those
4. Foreign Ai
External Res
Total Availa
brings togethe
nding amounts
The total long‐
tal funding for
reign aid on di
or RR projects
gn source is US
n the case of na
Fore
ign A
id
l services. Tur
le 2008 had US
not indicate si
disaster related
foreign aid figu
due to limited
rence to the ke
years.
d on Disaste
sources in Ba
able Fundi
er the three com
s for RR projec
‐run funding o
r RR projects in
isaster‐related
s was from for
SD 2,319 milli
atural perils.
01
00
200
300
400
500
600
g
2
Disaster
ning to the oth
SD 186 million
gnificant forei
d foreign aid in
ures on disaste
data availabili
ey conclusions
r-Related Em
angladesh, Ec
2000, 2
ng
mponents of fu
cts, humanitar
over 14 years f
n the long‐run
emergency re
reign contribut
on, which corr
2002
r-Related Foreig
her years, the y
n and 2009 had
gn aid in emerg
nto Bangladesh
er‐related eme
ity; however, t
s regarding fun
mergency Res
conomic Rela
2001, and 201
unding that ha
rian aid, and fo
from 2000 to 20
n is USD 897 m
esponse USD 1
tors. This mea
responds to 87
2006Year
gn Aid into Bang
Final Repo
year 2004 saw
d USD 52 milli
gency support.
h over the peri
ergency suppo
the unavailabi
nding gap ana
sponse into B
ations Divisio
13)
ave been cover
oreign aid on di
013 correspond
million, for hum
1,093 million. R
ans that altoget
7% of the total
2010
ladesh (Millions
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
USD 209 milli
ion worth of a
.
iod 2002 to 20
ort for 2000, 20
ility of the dat
alysis given tha
Bangladesh 20
on – Data are
red so far. It pr
isaster ‐related
ds to USD 2,66
manitarian aid
Recall also tha
ther the total a
available fina
2014
of USD)
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
ion in disaster
aid. Others yea
012 is found to
001 and 2013 w
ta for these yea
at there were n
000-2013 (So
Not Available
resents the sim
d emergency
69 million. Rec
d USD 679 mil
at 61% of the
amount of fund
ancing for the
er Risk A-8144)
143 051215
r
ars
o be
were
ars is
no
urce
e for
mple
call
llion,
ding
Consistent
1,018 milli
339 million
between U
funding.
7.4 F
With the e
analyzed.
the countr
respective
standing a
gaps of slig
even nega
those two
Neverthele
years 2000
change the
t with the seve
ion. The year 2
n, respectively
USD 100 millio
Figure 75
Funding Ga
economic impa
Figure 76 docu
ry saw significa
ly. These majo
at USD 937 and
ghtly more tha
tive in 2006 an
years.
ess, the long‐ru
0, 2001, and 20
e key conclusio
Tota
l F
un
din
g
erity of Tropica
2007 is followe
y. While the ye
on and USD 14
5. Total Avail
ap
act estimates an
uments that co
ant funding ga
or disaster yea
d 1,030 million
an USD 500 m
nd 2008. The c
un funding ga
13 are missing
ons regarding
02
00
400
600
800
100
0g
2
al Cyclone Sid
d by 2004 and
ears 2002, 2005,
40 million, oth
able Funding
nd the total fu
oncomitant wi
aps in those ye
rs are followed
n, respectively.
million each. Th
country experi
ap stands at US
g the foreign ai
the funding g
2002
Total Availab
dr, the year 200
d 2008, with ea
, 2009 and 201
her years saw a
g of Catastrop
unding amoun
ith the sizeable
ears, i.e., in the
d by 2002 and
. Even the yea
he funding gap
ienced an aver
SD 8,123 millio
id figures, it is
gap.
2006Year
ble Funding (Mil
Final Repo
07 displays a to
ach year observ
1 had total fun
amounts less th
phes in Bang
nts listed in Tab
e impacts expe
e order of USD
2003, with the
ars 2000 and 20
p was close to
rage funding s
on over the per
s unlikely that
2010
lions of USD)
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
otal funding a
ving USD 378
nding amount
han USD 70 m
ladesh 2000-
ble 50, the fun
erienced in 200
D 1,957, 1,726 a
e amount of fu
012 experience
zero in 2001, 2
surplus of USD
riod 2000‐2013
unavailability
2014
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
mount of USD
million and U
ts that ranged
million in total
-2013
ding gap can
04, 2007 and 2
and 1,078 mill
unding gap
ed sizeable fun
2005 and 2011
D 119 million in
3. Even though
y of the data w
er Risk A-8144)
144 051215
D
USD
be
2009,
lion,
nding
1, and
n
h the
would
The overal
catastroph
funding de
amounting
arose beca
available f
identified,
aid, and U
available f
Fig
ll conclusion o
hes in terms of
eficits or surpl
g to a total of m
ause only aroun
funding in the
USD 897 milli
USD 1,093 milli
funding was ge
Fun
din
g G
ap
ure 76. Fund
of the funding
sizeable fundi
luses in the yea
more than USD
nd a quarter o
said period. O
ion came from
ion from foreig
enerated inter
05
00
100
01
50
02
00
0g
p
2
ing Gap of Ca
gap analysis in
ing gaps in ma
ars without m
D 8,000 million
of the USD 10,7
Of the USD 2,66
m recovery and
gn aid on disas
rnally.
2002
Funding
atastrophes i
n this study is
ajor disaster ye
ajor disasters,
n over the 14‐y
759 million tot
69 million tota
d rehabilitation
ster‐related em
2006Year
g Gap (Millions
Final Repo
in Banglades
s that Banglade
ears. Although
the long‐run f
year period in 2
tal disaster‐rela
al available fun
n projects; USD
mergency resp
2010
of USD)
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
sh 2000-2013
esh is vulnerab
h the country r
funding gap is
2000‐2013. Thi
ated damage i
nding that has
D 679 million f
ponse. Only 13
2014
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
ble to major
runs small
s very substan
is funding def
is covered by
s been reliably
from humanit
3% of the total
er Risk A-8144)
145 051215
tial,
ficit
y total
y
tarian
8 TheMa
At a policy
(e.g., ident
economy d
componen
Being pron
framework
coordinati
On the fun
Relations D
Subsequen
role in term
specialist o
institution
solutions a
8.1 C
The institu
composed
other divis
8.1.1 D
The Minist
within the
coordinate
damages a
data collec
(the smalle
unit), whic
data from
columns to
e Instituanageme
y level, availab
tifying the curr
due to natural
nts of their curr
ne to many dif
k for disaster m
ng the post‐di
nding side, sev
Division) and
ntly, Banglade
ms of disaster
on specific cap
ns, and other re
and disaster ri
Central Gov
utional framew
d of the Depart
sions, part of t
Department
try of Disaster
e ministry, is th
e post‐disaster
and losses afte
ction procedur
est administra
ch in turn forw
districts. The
o collect inform
utional Fent and
ble documenta
rent policies) o
hazards. Curr
rent approache
fferent types o
management. W
isaster activitie
veral divisions
the Ministry o
esh’s current d
risk financing
pacity develop
elevant institu
isk microinsur
vernment
work for disas
tment of Disas
the Ministry o
t of Disast
Management
he focal point f
activities and
r a disaster, w
re takes place i
tive unit in Ba
wards the colla
data collection
mation on hou
Framewothe Fina
ation is review
on how the gov
rent practices t
es.
f natural perils
While the Min
es, many line m
in the Ministr
of Planning ow
domestic finan
g. The main ob
pment and sup
utions for the a
rance.
ter manageme
ster Managem
f Finance: the
er Manage
t (MDM), in pa
for disaster ma
d actions across
hich occurs m
in a way in wh
angladesh) forw
ated informatio
n procedure is
use damages, h
ork for Dancial M
ed, including t
vernment of B
to deal with su
s, Bangladesh
nistry of Disast
ministries have
ry of Finance (s
wn important re
ncial market is
bjective is to ad
pport areas to
adoption of ca
ent in the cent
ment within the
Fiscal Divisio
ement, Min
articular, the D
anagement in
s the line minis
ainly through
hich the disaste
ward the data
on to the Distri
s based on a ”d
human lives, liv
Final Repo
DisasterMarket in
the relevant le
Bangladesh dea
uch situations
has developed
ter Manageme
e also their ow
such as the Fis
esponsibilities
analyzed to a
dvise the inter
the domestic i
apital market‐l
tral governmen
e Ministry of D
on and the Eco
nistry of Dis
Department of
Bangladesh. D
stries. The DD
h collecting dam
er managemen
to the Upazila
ict level. The D
damage form”
vestock lost, a
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
r Risk n Bangla
egislative and p
als with financ
are identified,
d an elaborate
ent is the focal
wn disaster man
scal Division o
s.
assess its capac
rnational disas
insurance sect
linked disaster
nt of Banglade
Disaster Mana
onomic Relatio
saster Man
Disaster Mana
DDM’s main ro
DM is mandate
mage data from
nt committees
a level (which
DDM headqua
, which curren
and so on.
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
adesh
policy protoco
cial shocks to t
, as well as the
e institutional
point for
nagement plan
or Economic
city and poten
ster risk finan
tor, microfinan
r risk finance
esh is primaril
agement and tw
ons Division.
nagement
agement (DDM
ole is to
ed to assess
m the field. Th
at the Union l
is the second‐t
arters received
ntly has 25
er Risk A-8144)
146 051215
ols
the
e
ns.
ntial
ce
nce
ly
wo
M)
he
level
tier
d the
Although
DDM are c
factors. Th
procedure
extract mo
“damage f
different v
in restricte
It is sugge
approach w
prevented
to filling in
The institu
concepts. C
clusters in
central gov
clusters.
8.1.2 F
The Fiscal
funding ac
Budgetary
financial y
adds up to
come into
The budge
manageme
1. Disaste
di
2. Emerge
am
3. Fund foW
al
rules, regulati
clear, the depa
he missing capa
e. For example,
ore funds from
form” itself ha
versions of the
ed access to the
sted that satell
would ensure
. The DDM als
n the damage f
utional framew
Clusters are ac
clude: i) food c
vernment, NG
Fiscal Divis
Division in th
cross different
y matters (inclu
year. In particu
o the central go
effect. In prin
etary system in
ent. Some of th
er Risk Reductisaster risk redency Fund Dismount is confior UnforeseenWhile this fundlmost certain t
ons, and respo
artment’s capa
acity is mainly
, the disaster m
m the authoritie
as been develop
form. In addit
e form.
lite and GIS m
that reported
so plans to reb
form accuratel
work also featu
ctivated follow
cluster, ii) edu
GOs, and intern
sion, Minis
he Ministry of
t governmenta
uding allocati
ular, the Fiscal
overnment bu
nciple, disaster
n Bangladesh
he identified p
tion (DRR) Fuduction. The asaster Manageirmed to be smn Incidents ‐ Ading can be allthat the whole
onsibilities per
city to assess d
y related to ove
management c
es. Also, the da
ped over time
tion, some form
methods could b
damages are m
build the data c
ly.
ures some clust
wing a disaster
ucation cluster,
national organ
try of Fina
Finance is the
al and non‐gov
ons) are outlin
l division alloc
udget. The cen
r related alloca
involves seve
pockets are as
und ‐ Introducamount availabement ‐ Allocamall (again, theAvailable each ocated for anye allocation wo
rtaining to disa
damages and l
erstatements a
ommittees at t
amages from s
since 1993, an
ms are comple
be used to incr
more accurate
collection syste
ters defined ar
to support the
iii) shelter clu
nizations such
ance
e core body tha
vernmental lay
ned in the ann
cates the requi
ntral governme
ations can be id
ral small pock
follows:
ced 5‐7 years able could not bated to Deputye full amount year in the ory purpose in aould be spent
Final Repo
aster managem
losses accurate
and inconsisten
the Union leve
some areas ma
nd there is diffe
eted in Bangla
rease the capa
and overstatem
tem by training
round differen
e concerned pe
uster, iv) inform
as the World B
at allocates the
yers.
nual budget do
ired budget to
ent budget is t
dentified in th
kets of money
ago, the DRR fbe identified, by Commission
could not be irder of one billan ordinary yeon disaster ris
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ment tools adm
ely is crippled
ncies in the da
el may oversta
ay be under‐rep
erent number
and some in E
acity to assess t
ments or unde
g people on th
nt disaster man
eople in relief
mation manag
Bank have mem
e domestic dis
ocument at the
o each line of t
then ratified b
he budget docu
dedicated to d
fund is dedicabut is likely toner at the distridentified). lion BDT (USDear, in the disask reduction.
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
ministered by t
due to several
ata collection
ate the damage
ported. The
of columns in
English, resulti
the damages. T
erstatements a
he field in rega
nagement
activities. The
gement cluster
mbers in thes
saster‐related
e beginning of
the ministry, w
by the parliame
ument.
disaster
ated specificallo be modest. rict level, the
D 14.28 million
aster years it is
er Risk A-8144)
147 051215
the
l
es to
ing
This
are
rd
ese
r. The
se
f each
which
ent to
ly for
n). s
4. Palli Kar
Fi
an
8.1.3 E
When ther
initiated. E
bilateral o
Developm
Internation
Departmen
which line
the require
sanitation,
cyclone sh
In contrast
organizati
education,
health.
8.2 F
Banglades
(1) Mon
bank
secto
(2) Capi
Bang
Chitt
(3) Insur
comp
(4) Infor
Cred
19 As part ofNGOs are alBangladesh.
rma-Sahayak F
inance. Heade
nd participatin
Economic R
re is a domesti
ERD’s role is t
rganizations s
ment Program (
nal Developm
nt for Internat
e ministries ap
ements.19 The
, healthcare, ed
helters in coast
t to the past, th
ions have their
, and health. F
Financial M
sh’s financial m
ney market secks and non‐banor is regulated ital market secgladesh Securitagong Stock Erance sector: mpanies. This sermal sector: mdit Regulatory
f the shared respolso involved with
.
oundation (PKSed by the Mini
ng institutions
Relations D
ic funding gap
o mobilize for
such as the Wo
(UNDP), the J
ment (USAID),
tional Develop
pproach the ER
coverage of fo
ducational sup
tal areas).
he process of o
r own prioritie
For example, A
Market
market is comp
ctor: made up nk financial inby Bangladesctor: made up ties and ExchaExchange. made up of thector is regulatmade up of theAuthority and
onsibility and goh disaster manag
SF) also imple
ister, a high levs. Once again t
Division (E
p following ca
reign financing
orld Bank (WB
apan Internati
the Australian
pment of the U
RD for emerge
oreign aid incl
pport projects
obtaining fore
es in meeting t
ADB’s priority
prised of four
of nationalizenstitutions (e.gsh Bank – the cof listed comp
ange Commiss
e state owned
ted by the Insu financial NGO
d the Registrar
overnance, nowa
gement. Nowada
ements “Climavel committee
the funding am
ERD), Minis
tastrophes, typ
g through dev
B), the Asian D
ional Coopera
n Agency for I
United Kingdo
ency financing
ludes infrastru
; and cyclone
eign aid is now
the requireme
y is infrastructu
sectors:
ed commercial
g. leasing bankcentral moneta
panies and corsion and supp
d insurance corurance DeveloOs and the Cor of Cooperati
days each line mays, disasters is a
Final Repo
ate Resiliencee decides on thmount could n
stry of Fina
pically the for
velopment par
Development B
ation Agency (
International D
om (DFID). Th
g, which then a
ucture projects
shelters progr
wadays shorter
ents, such as d
ure, while WB
l banks, privatks, developmen
ary authority. rporations. Thported by the D
rporations andopment and Rooperatives wo
ives regulate t
ministry has its owa cross‐cutting iss
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
e Fund” underhe distributionnot be identifie
ance
reign financing
rtners, which a
Bank (ADB), th
(JICA), the U.S
Development
he process wor
activates bilate
s; procuremen
ram (such as m
r. Nevertheles
developing infr
B’s priority is i
te commercial
nt finance inst his sector is regDhaka Stock E
d the private inRegulatory Autorking in micr
this sector.
wn disaster actiosue in the institu
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
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r the Ministry n of funds to Ned.
g mechanism
are multi‐later
he United Nat
S. Agency for
(AUSAID), an
rks in a way in
eral links to m
nt of food; soci
multipurpose
ss, aid
rastructure,
infrastructure
l banks, merch
titutions). This
gulated by Exchange and
nsurance thority. rocredit. The M
on plan. As notedutional framewor
er Risk A-8144)
148 051215
of NGOs
is
ral or
tions
nd the
n
meet
ial,
and
hant s
the
Micro
d, even rk of
A disaster
bears a sub
there is a c
financial s
implicatio
� The imp
� Post‐dis
� Lax credconsider
According
ranking inefficiency risk of sovranked 50,position of
One prere
for the exi
capital ma
financing f
corporate
In current
nor strong
borrowing
on its own
major role
required fo
8.2.1 M
The money
banks, fina
(3,478 bran
branches),
commercia
r normally has
bstantial part
culture of loan
ectors are also
ns after a disa
pact on lendin
saster support
dit discipline inrable addition
g to the 2012 Fn the Financialof the world’s
vereign debt cr, and in terms f Bangladesh i
quisite of havi
sting and pote
arket. Historica
from capital m
bonds is almo
conditions, th
g and may not
g from the priv
n is also small
e in the disaste
or disaster risk
Money Mark
y market is re
ancial instituti
nches), 4 state‐
, 9 foreign com
al banks and 3
financial imp
of any related
n forgiveness b
o encouraged t
aster in Bangla
ng operations s
t required by s
n post‐disastenal credit and d
inancial Devel Development
s leading finanrisis Bangladeof foreign curin the global fi
ing a healthy i
ential borrowe
ally, Banglade
markets throug
ost non‐existen
he size of the d
be able to pla
vate banks and
but with inter
er risk financin
k financing pr
ket
gulated by Ba
ions (FIs) and
‐owned devel
mmercial bank
3 merchant ban
plications in th
d losses. In the
by the Govern
to do the same
adesh are:
such as deferm
some of the fin
er period; examdeferment of l
lopment Repot Index, which
ncial systems ash was rankedrrency sovereiinancial marke
investment cli
ers. The two m
esh’s private se
gh the issue of
nt.
domestic mone
ay an effective
d Bangladesh
rnational reins
ng. The inform
roducts.
angladesh Bank
primary deale
opment banks
ks (55 branches
nks hold prim
he whole count
case of Bangla
nment of Bangl
e. Some of the
ment of loan re
nancial institut
mples can be sloan repaymen
ort by the Wor
h provides a scand capital ma
d 57, in terms oign risk it was et
imate in an eco
major sources o
ector has alwa
f shares is sma
ey market and
role in disaste
Bank further a
surance suppo
mal sector has t
k – the central
ers. There are
s (1,440 branch
s), and 56 mer
mary dealers lic
Final Repo
try as the coun
adesh, there a
ladesh, and th
e key issues rel
epayment, loa
tions;
een after the 1nt.
rld Economic Fcore and rank arkets, was 57 of local currenranked 50. Th
onomy is the a
of finance in a
ays depended
all whereas de
d capital mark
er risk financin
aggravates the
ort it could hav
the capacity to
l monetary au
currently 4 sta
hes), 38 privat
rchant banks (5
cense.
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ntry’s governm
are additional
he formal and
lating to the fi
an default, new
1998 flood that
Forum, Banglafor the breadtout of 62 counncy sovereign hese rankings
availability of
any country ar
on banks for f
ebt financing th
ket in Banglade
ng. The govern
e situation. Th
ve the financia
o provide supp
uthority – and
ate‐owned com
te commercial
56 branches). N
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
ment ultimate
implications a
the informal
inancial
w lending etc.;
t saw provisio
adesh’s overalth, depth, andntries. In termrating it was indicate a wea
financing faci
e the banks an
finance. Equit
hrough issuin
esh is neither l
nment’s heavy
he insurance se
al capacity to p
port services
is comprised o
mmercial bank
banks (3,454
Note that 12
er Risk A-8144)
149 051215
ly
as
on of
ll d ms of
ak
ility
nd the
ty
ng
large
y
ector
play a
of
ks
The only a
banks. The
The comm
Tr
Tr
C
co
is
C
un
Ba
an
As of 30 Ju
Ba
C
D
Le
Ba
Ba
N
R
N
Br
M
G
G
In
BD
8.2.1.1
Banglades
stability of
manageme
active seconda
ere is no secon
monly used mo
reasury bills: Dreasury Bills a
Commercial paorporation to rs traded in the Certificate of denions. ankers’ acceptnd guaranteed
une 2014, the i
ank rate: 5% Call money rateDeposit rate: 8.ending rate: 13ank deposits: ank loans and
Non‐performin
o State‐oo State‐oo Private
o Foreign
eserve money
Narrow money
road money (MMoney in circulGrowth of mon
Government boo From Bo From s
nflation rate: 7DT/USD exch
Banglades
sh Bank (BB) is
f the domestic
ent is related t
ary market is o
ndary market f
oney market in
Debt obligatioare issued in 3,apers: Commer
raise short‐termprimary mark
eposit: These a
tance: These ad by a bank to
mportant rate
e: 6.2% 1% 3.25% 5,396 billion Bd advances: 4,2ng loans: owned comme
owned develope commercial bn commercial y: 1,223.6 billioy (M1): 1,319.5 M2): 6,735.7 bilation: 805.2 bney supply: 11orrowing: Bangladesh Bastate‐owned an7.44% ange rate: 77.6
sh Bank
s the central ba
c economy and
to its environm
overnight‐call
for the treasur
nstruments in
ons of the Gov, 6, 12 and 24 mrcial papers arm cash, often ket. Opportunare time depos
re short‐term ensure payme
es that indicate
BDT (USD 69,5261.5 billion BD
ercial banks: 23pment financiabanks: 4.6% banks: 3.5%
on BDT (USD 1billion BDT (Uillion BDT (USillion BDT (US.61%
ank: 189 billionnd private com
63
ank of Bangla
d ensuring fina
mental and soc
money marke
ry bills.
Bangladesh a
ernment usedmonths. They re short‐term uto finance wo
nities for resalesits, commonl
credit investment.
e the capacity
509 Million) DT (USD 54,89
3.9% al institutions
15.8 billion) USD 17.0 billioSD 86.8 billionSD 10.4 billion
n BDT (USD 2mmercial bank
desh, which is
ancial sector s
cially responsi
Final Repo
et, which is pa
re:
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ments created b
of Bangladesh
95 million)
: 26.8%
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2.4 billion) ks: 1,512.3 billi
s primarily res
stability. The r
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ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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articipated by t
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sponsible for m
ole of BB in di
anking approa
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
the commercia
angladesh Ban
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stitutions and
ncial organiza
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maintaining p
isaster
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150 051215
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nk
paper d. credit
tion
rice
Green
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Banking P
Managem
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green prod
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projects. T
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BB provid
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to ensure b
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risk financ
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bailouts fo
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56 comme
fund for d
legal issue
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olvement
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This fund is ut
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ed capacity bu
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ancing require
funds to sector
licy and finan
ental conserva
ce strategy in t
or prevention
also have any m
or state‐owned
ed fund
he aforementio
rcial banks an
disaster manag
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use essentially
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g Green Finan
tegic level of b
s to banks and
reaching credit
tors. It has iden
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ve, BB created
nsibility Fund
tilized for cap
odest but imm
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nce Sidr and R
inuity during d
ements for ban
rs that conserv
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the case of cata
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micro‐level co
d banks in time
oned gap relat
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gement and ca
all these instit
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ned to work to
is collaborated
to 4.5 billion B
ce, Climate Ri
banks and Fina
d FIs for assess
t to beneficiary
ntified 47 gree
involvement w
a separate fun
’ in 2013‐14; 50
acity building
ediately availa
rt to fire servi
Rana Plaza coll
disasters.
nks and FIs set
ves environme
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hstanding thes
astrophes, nor
have the capa
mprehensive
e of crisis, wh
ted to the disa
k financial ins
pacity buildin
tutions being a
or of the bank
ogether in the
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BDT (USD 64.
isk Fund, In‐ho
ancial Instituti
sing environm
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with catastroph
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0 million BDT
g in different d
able.
ces and civil d
lapse) as well
t by BB has bee
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able agricultu
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acity for any sp
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ich is purely a
aster risk finan
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3 million), tha
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ngladesh Bank
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as to set policy
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ural and SME s
nts, BB does no
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B’s risk financin
an economic is
nce strategy, th
very recently
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ogether aroun
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utional setting
each of 88 inst
at could be ma
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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mental Manag
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their credit po
ry FIs at lower
and also for b
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k Disaster Man
nual profit of B
gement and so
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k.
sectors that als
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aster risk finan
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ssue.
he Bangladesh
established a
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h Bank) and th
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titutions depos
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uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
gement and Gr
nmental Risk
ortfolio. BB has
r interest rate i
bank financing
involvement is
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BB is contribut
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support in dis
ts for banks an
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so contributes
articular disast
disaster risk
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h Bank, along w
collaborated t
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for post‐disast
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151 051215
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s
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olve
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BDT,
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loan disbu
BDT 5.6 bi
A major p
(NPL). The
the supply
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concentrat
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way or ano
in the face
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banks hav
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mobilizati
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creating an
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private ba
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factors in l
problems
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disaster risk m
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sh financial ma
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roblem in Ban
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there is a wid
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management a
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arket is domin
banks and fina
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ngladesh’s ban
m has several
miting the recyc
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reas. Thus, the
problems in th
particularly th
blems.
ernment‐owne
and overwhelm
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their performa
its orientation
t banks are ma
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he success of th
h they serve a l
o due to lack o
imatic risks ar
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in governanc
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and capacity bu
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ancial instituti
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of financial tra
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large number
of profitability
re often used t
ios are concent
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e. Weak gover
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o oblige some
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nk‐based finan
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w share issues.
the accumula
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and forcing ce
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of state‐owne
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t owned bank
been very poo
have made the
f important st
ernment bank
dit disburseme
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of farmers and
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to explain the
trated in crop
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privileged bo
Final Repo
ncing system. T
BDT 201 billion
ation of huge a
with sub‐optim
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difficult for ne
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r of funds from
ladesh is the a
ks, are allowed
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ks have failed t
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weak and ineff
r success lies i
d agribusiness
poor recovery
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ver‐exposure t
bjected state‐o
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orrowers and e
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
The amount of
n, roughly 36
amounts of no
mal utilization
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l banks in Ban
m the rural are
absence of an e
d to continue th
ent delivery m
able. Some of t
years. Howev
to appreciably
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ficient. Howev
in their huge r
s. They serve m
y by some of th
h natural disa
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owned banks t
nt behavior an
external influe
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
f industrial ter
times higher t
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of resources. O
ry conservative
et access to fin
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eas to the urba
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heir operation
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the state‐owne
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ermediation.
onal framewo
ver, profit and
rural branch
many areas wh
he governmen
asters are signi
s risky, the
to severe polit
d punished th
ences in decisi
er Risk A-8144)
152 051215
rm‐
than
g loan
On
e
nance.
ing is
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ain
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distorted t
incentives
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The rural f
services. T
for short‐t
deposits. F
financing.2
Banglades
8.2.2 C
The capita
banking sy
in to supp
market. W
important
the source
efficient m
In Banglad
Securities
2014, there
mutual fun
BDT (USD
As of 30 Ju
these 232 a
6.1 million
Eleven com
20 The World
ave compound
egal and regul
anks and has s
al loans; it has
the allocation
, organization
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financial mark
There are very
erm. They pro
Further, most 20
sh money mark
Capital Mar
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lement it. Com
Well‐functionin
factors for a h
e of external fu
mechanisms for
desh, the gove
and Exchange
e were 536 list
nds, 8 debentu
D 13.3 billion) a
une 2014, the t
are companies
n) and market
mpanies with
d Bank, 2009; Ban
ded existing sc
latory framew
suppressed fin
s limited the ab
of funds. Othe
nal and structu
ete financial se
kets in Banglad
limited saving
ovide a limited
government o
ket may not b
rket
nly refers to sh
completely me
mpanies and th
ng capital mark
healthy econom
unds for corpo
r financing the
ernment regula
e Commission
ted securities a
ures, 221 treas
and market ca
total number o
s, 41 are mutua
capitalization
IPO amountin
ngladesh Rural F
creening and e
work to enforce
nancial innova
bility of the go
er problems in
ural weaknesse
ervices and pr
desh are fragm
gs services ava
d range of serv
owned banks c
e able to play
hare market, st
eet the need fo
he governmen
kets including
my. The impo
orate investme
e private secto
ates the securi
n (BSEC); new
at the Dhaka S
sury bonds, an
apitalization w
of listed securi
al funds, 3 deb
n was 2,286.7 b
ng to 10.5 billio
Finance
enforcement p
e contracts and
ation. The third
overnment ow
nclude lack of
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roducts.
mented and in
ailable in rura
vices; most no
currently cann
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tock market, a
or funding in t
nt can raise fun
g equity and co
rtance of the c
nt but it also e
or. Investment
ities traded on
issues are app
Stock Exchang
nd 3 corporate
was 2,943.2 bill
ities at Chittag
bentures. Tota
billion BDT (U
on BDT (USD
Final Repo
problems. The
d recover loan
d major issue
wned agricultu
appropriate e
agement system
nadequate to m
al areas and cr
tably they do
not function w
ole in disaster
and the bond m
the market eco
nds for long‐te
orporate debt
capital market
ensures a susta
t and economi
n the capital m
proved and reg
ge (DSE). Of th
bonds. Total i
lion BDT (USD
gong Stock Exc
al issued Capit
SD 29.5 billion
0.135 billion)
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
second proble
ns. This has ha
is the interest
ure banks to co
employee and
ms, poor hum
meet the deman
redit are essent
not actively so
without subsidy
risk financing
market of the c
onomy, the ca
erm investmen
markets are o
t lies in the fac
ainable flow o
ic growth are h
market through
gulated by BS
hese 263 are co
issued capital
D 37.9 billion).
change (CSE)
tal was 470.7 b
n).
and one mutu
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
em is the lack
andicapped the
rate ceiling fo
over their cost
borrower
man resource
nd for financi
tially available
olicit voluntar
y elements in
g.
country. When
apital market s
nts via the cap
one of the mos
ct that it is not
of funds and
highly correla
h the Banglade
SEC. As of 30 J
ompanies, 41 a
was 1,032.1 b
stood at 276. O
billion BDT (U
ual fund with
er Risk A-8144)
153 051215
of an
e
or
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al
e only
ry
their
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esh
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billion
Of
USD
fund
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governanc
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The standa
very poor.
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However,
due to a la
long‐term
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sector.
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do not feel
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feels more
markets is
perception
from the s
fundamen
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momentum
Sharehold
g to 1.0 billion
al market in Ba
hanges after th
ntly, it crashed
ered fully since
and started mo
ercial banks po
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ce on complian
net will also pl
ards of corpor
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re of indirect fi
relying exclus
ack of diversifi
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s the cost of ca
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l comfortable
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s a matter of co
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ntals. Investors
undamentals. T
m and join the
ders in the capi
n BDT (USD 0.
angladesh has
he share marke
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e then. In late
onetary tighten
ossibly trigger
oduced by the
r of securities,
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ication in the s
nvestments. Di
apital is marke
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oncern for inv
latility can lea
The capital ma
s make decisio
The market is s
e bandwagon o
ital market are
013 billion) we
remained ext
et disaster of 1
n late 2010; the
2010, Banglad
ning. Banglade
red the collaps
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simplification
ht help to rega
mational role in
ce and financi
ity and human
utions, corrupt
ugh banks is f
single source f
sources of fun
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h banks in fixe
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e either individ
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tremely depres
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desh Bank beca
esh Bank’s dec
se of the capita
uch as introdu
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erosion of inv
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dual sharehold
Final Repo
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rom a macro p
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ital markets is
es borrowers f
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by the leading
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vestors’ confid
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ws a sustained
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ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ange in the fina
mass exodus of
gained some o
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and guidelines
liferation of te
companies in B
perspective, th
ure.
orate borrower
problematic in
system alone c
s supposed to b
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ull potential of
porate bonds. M
unreasonable u
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unts. The volat
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utional shareho
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
ancial year 201
investors from
of its momentu
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elecommunica
Bangladesh ar
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rs in Banglade
n terms of liqu
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be relatively m
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f the market fo
Moreover, sav
ups and down
The public rath
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.
olders. Institu
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154 051215
13‐14.
m the
um
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uidity
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Institution
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institution
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pension fu
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The growt
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investmen
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Banglades
Clearing, s
activating
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21 Syeda See
ers are mainly
role in develo
ortages of inst
categories – the
urance compa
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nal Investment
erage 14.7% in
any institution
nal investment
n the market. T
han the indivi
nal investor is
sh capital mark
lute and perce
he institutional
unds is very lim
some time bef
ant in size and
th of institutio
nal shareholde
tant class of in
nt amount is ve
ing in Banglad
reign investor
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settlement and
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ma Mahbub, 201
y different typ
oping and stab
titutional inve
e Investment C
anies, leasing c
life insurance,
t in Banglades
stitutional sha
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They are more
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also expected
ket missed thi
entage terms.
l investors in B
mited. The ins
fore it can take
they almost a
onal investmen
rs can hamper
nvestors that is
ery small and
desh’s stock m
rs as of 30 June
ital market. Po
d depository s
unter (OTC) m
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investment. Po
14; Institutional S
es of business
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Corporation o
companies, no
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rs in their shar
term commitm
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ders in protec
to ensure bett
s source of eff
Bangladesh ar
surance indust
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always invest i
nts in capital m
r the overall d
s absent from B
sometimes ne
market. Only 1.
e 2014. In addi
oor market inf
ystem must be
market, reduci
ding system, c
olitical instabi
Shareholders in B
or non‐busine
pital market b
titutional inve
of Bangladesh,
on‐banking fin
mortgage land
e. As of 30 Jun
their share cap
re capital.
ment and great
ble compared
cting their own
ter valuation le
ficiency gains
re banks. Inves
try is still sma
role as an insti
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market has bee
development o
Bangladesh’s
egative. Nume
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frastructure al
e developed fu
ing settlement
creating reliab
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Bangladesh
Final Repo
ess organizati
but the capital
estors in Bangl
, Bangladesh D
nancial institut
d banks, empl
ne 2014, the com
pital; out of 26
ter focus on th
to individual
n interest. Furt
evels due to th
as institutiona
stment by the
all and is at a n
itutional inves
sits and govern
en far below th
of the capital m
stock market
erous impedim
utstanding sha
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lso discourage
urther and rei
t and clearing
ble credit ratin
s a negative si
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ions. These inv
market of Ban
ladesh’s capita
Development B
tions, pension
loyee insuranc
mpanies listed
63 companies,
he fundamenta
shareholders
thermore, the
heir special an
al investment
insurance com
nascent stage o
stor. The pensi
nment bonds.
he expectation
market.21
is foreign inve
ments discoura
ares of the liste
esence of non‐
es foreign inve
inforced. Issue
time, introduc
ng culture, etc.
ignal to foreig
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
vestors play a
ngladesh is fac
al market are o
Bank, schedul
funds, postal
ce funds etc.
d in the DSE h
30 companies
als and, hence,
and are financ
presence of
nalytical skills
is very small i
mpanies and
of developmen
ion funds are
n. The shortage
estors. Net for
age them from
ed companies
‐resident
estors to invest
es such as
cing more use
are required t
n investors an
er Risk A-8144)
155 051215
very
cing
of
led
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s did
,
cially
.
in
nt and
e of
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m
was
t.
r‐
to
nd
acts as a p
Corporate
market in
corporate
interest ra
rates deter
market. Th
corporate
unattractiv
Banglades
investmen
8.2.3 In
Disasters h
income ho
risky but h
country lik
through ri
According
insurance
insurance
Banglades
(general in
insurance
microinsu
insurance
of them. M
Sadharan
insurance
and the re
22 Prashanta23 Ibid
sychological d
e bonds can act
Bangladesh is
bond market.
tes, and banks
r public borrow
he lack of know
bond market r
ve.23
sh capital mark
nt climate in th
nsurance S
have two majo
ouseholds (LIH
higher return a
ke Bangladesh
isk transfer me
g to the 2012 SI
activity relativ
premium inco
sh insurance m
nsurance) and
companies als
rance. The mi
– both are pilo
Multinational d
Bima Corpora
market of Ban
maining 50 pe
K Banarjee and
deterrent to fo
t as a complem
s almost non‐e
The governm
s offer quite hi
wings by the c
wledge‐based
remaining ina
ket is still not
he country and
Sector
or consequenc
Hs); (ii) the LIH
activities. The
h, mechanisms
echanisms. On
IGMA Report
ve to the size o
ome) was only
market is domi
Jibon Bima C
so operate in t
croinsurance p
ot projects lau
donors are sub
ation (SBC) ha
ngladesh. By la
ercent may be
Md. Mohiuddin
reign investor
mentary sourc
existent. The h
ment borrows h
igh interest ra
corporate bodi
d trading, even
active. The lack
broad or deep
d may not be a
ces: (i) the seve
Hs may becom
refore, to prev
s should be in
ne of the optio
, Bangladesh’s
of the econom
y 5.5 USD; both
inated by two
orporation (lif
this market an
products offer
unched around
bsidizing both
s a market sha
aw SBC is enti
placed with o
Siddiqui, 2010; I
rs.22
e of financing
high interest ra
heavily throug
tes in competi
ies, thereby th
n for governme
k of innovativ
p enough to pl
able to play an
ere effect of sh
me more risk a
vent sharp incr
place to mitig
ons is insuranc
s Insurance pe
my, was 0.8 per
h ratios are am
state‐owned c
fe insurance).
nd 12 life insur
red by the gen
d two years ag
h projects.
are of over 20%
itled to 50 per
other insurers
Investment Clima
Final Repo
g to bank finan
ate in the mone
gh various nati
ition with gov
hwarting the d
ent bonds, is a
e products ha
lay a decisive r
n active role in
hocks accentua
averse and unw
reases in pove
gate the possib
ce.
enetration, wh
rcent and insu
mongst the low
corporations –
A total of 31 p
rers and 2 gene
neral insurance
go and sufficie
% of the total p
cent of public
in the country
te in Bangladesh:
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ncing but the c
ey market is a
ional savings
vernment secu
development o
an important r
as also kept the
role in creatin
n disaster risk
ates the povert
willing (or una
erty following
ble financial an
hich measures
urance density
west globally.
– Sadharan Bim
private life and
eral insurers o
e companies a
ent data is not
premium inco
sector busine
y. In practice, w
Enhanced Role of
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
corporate bond
a barrier to the
schemes at hig
urities. High in
of a corporate b
reason for the
e market
ng a friendly
financing.
ty of the low‐
able) to engag
a disaster in a
nd societal imp
the level of
(per capita
ma Corporatio
d 46 private ge
offer
are health and
available on e
ome of the
ess in Banglade
with agreemen
f the Capital Marke
er Risk A-8144)
156 051215
d
e
gh
nterest
bond
ge in
a
pacts
on
eneral
flood
either
esh
nt of
et
the Insura
business is
companies
be placed
2012, the t
The insura
shares of p
sector has
main focu
individual
products b
people wit
and one fl
low‐incom
The Bangl
period 200
population
during the
insurance
premiums
However,
Banglades
insurance
All the ins
that there
the growth
situations
instability
Religious
the popul
would be
nce Associatio
s distributed a
s are required
with any reins
total premium
ance market is
private insuran
concentrated
s. There is ver
l in Banglades
but insurance
th high net‐wo
ood insurance
me households
adeshi insuran
08–2012, suppo
n. The loss rat
e review perio
industry, espe
s during the re
a vast majorit
sh. This has res
and a great nu
surance compa
is better scope
h of insurance
often arise du
and inconsist
attitude of the
ation believes
sin to buy insu
on of Banglade
among all the p
by law to plac
surers of their
income in the
s highly compe
nce companies
in the urban b
ry little culture
sh. Some of the
coverage for p
orth have take
e), none of the
s.
nce industry in
orted primaril
ios in all three
od were low. T
ecially in the l
eview period.
ty of the popu
sulted in lack
umber of peop
anies are locat
e for business
e business in th
ue to this and c
tency of politic
e people also s
s insurance is
urance.
esh, SBC unde
private genera
ce 50 percent o
r choice. Accor
e country amo
etitive, with fi
s, and the incr
business only,
e of insuring b
e insurance co
private homes
en out such ins
non‐life insur
ncreased at a c
ly by the life in
e insurance seg
The large popu
ife segment, w
lation, especia
of awareness
ple believe tha
ted in urban ar
in urban areas
he country. Po
causes obstacle
cal courses are
stands against
prohibited in
erwrites all the
al insurance co
of their reinsu
rding to Bangl
ounted to BDT
ierce competiti
reasing level o
with corporat
building, conte
ompanies offer
(building insu
surance. Excep
rance provider
compound an
nsurance segm
gments – life, n
ulation will con
which accounte
ally in rural ar
among the pe
at insurance is
reas with a few
s. This “centra
olitical instabil
e to all busine
e serious probl
t development
n Islam and th
Final Repo
e public sector
ompanies equ
urance busines
ladesh Insuran
T 81.9 billion (U
ion in the non
of risk being re
te insurance an
ents, personal
r personal acci
urance) and co
pt for two pilo
rs offer any pr
nnual growth r
ment (16.4%), d
non‐life and p
ntinue to be a
ed for a 76.9%
reas, is left out
eople. People a
an unnecessa
w branches in
alization policy
lity is also a m
esses including
lems for the in
t of the insura
hat the future
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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r business and
ually. All priva
ss with SBC; ot
nce Associatio
USD 1.1 billion
n‐life segment,
etained by insu
nd auto insur
accident or he
ident or health
ontents is alm
ot projects (on
roducts for the
rate (CAGR) o
driven by the
personal accid
key growth d
% share of gros
tside the insur
are not aware
ary expenditur
rural areas on
y” has acted a
major problem;
g insurance bu
nsurance secto
ance sector. A
e is in the han
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
d 50 percent of
ate insurance
ther 50 percen
on’s Annual Re
n).
, the rising ma
urers. The non
ance being the
ealth by a priv
h insurance
most nil. Only a
e health insur
e urban or rur
of 16.0% durin
country’s larg
ent and health
driver for the
ss written
rance coverage
of benefits fro
re.
n the assumpti
as an obstructi
; many disrup
usiness. Politic
or.
large percent
nds of Allah
er Risk A-8144)
157 051215
f that
nt can
eport
arket
n‐life
eir
vate
a few
ance
al
ng the
ge
h –
e in
om
ion
ion for
tive
cal
tage of
and it
There is a
trained cl
provided b
and does n
considerab
also fails t
Claims ma
of either to
There is a
companies
Partly due
of high ma
savings m
market is g
There is a
has not tri
is no attem
individual
The low li
leads one t
rationally
Low dema
underestim
drastically
insurance
in the near
Lack of fai
Banglades
potential c
poor. This
Lack of str
practices l
by the life
shortage of t
laims‐adjuster
by Bangladesh
not produce a
ble poaching
o attract the to
anagement is
o delay the pa
dearth of new
s seem to copy
e to fall in mon
anagement exp
edium to the g
getting satura
lack of cooper
ed to promote
mpt to raise ins
lly and no one
teracy level is
to think that th
because they
and for insuran
mation of risks
y different deg
can also resul
r future, thus l
ith is one of th
sh. At one side
customers are
s feeling of dis
rict supervisio
ike under‐cutt
insurers etc. T
rained profess
rs, innovative
h Insurance A
adequate num
of trained per
op quality fres
defective. Insu
yment or to re
w products in
y each other’s
ney value and
penses and low
general public
ted gradually.
ration amongs
e cooperation w
surance aware
e is promoting
another facto
he insurance i
do not know w
nce in the cou
s, false sense o
grees of risk aw
lt from the unw
leading to adv
he fundamenta
e, insurance bu
dubious abou
trust is very in
on by the regul
ting tariff rate
This does not o
sionals in the
‐product dev
Academy, the
ber of trained
rsonnel amon
sh graduates to
urance compa
epudiate claim
n the market. V
products.
partly for the
w investment
c. Less and less
.
st the insuranc
within the ind
eness as a who
g the insurance
r that adverse
is deception an
what insuranc
untry can also b
of security, and
wareness and e
willingness of
verse selection
al reasons for w
usiness is not w
ut its service. P
ntense in the c
lator has enco
s by general in
only destroy t
country; the
velopers and
only training
d professionals
gst the compa
o join this sect
anies create ob
ms.
Very little inv
reason of nil o
return, life ins
s people are in
ce companies.
dustry. Each co
ole. In other w
e industry as a
ely affects the m
nd it has no va
ce is and what
be attributed t
d myopic visio
estimates of ri
the public to
n problem.
which insuran
well known to
Public image a
case of life insu
uraged many
nsurance comp
he reputation
Final Repo
insurance ind
qualified act
institute in th
s required by
anies competi
tor.
bstacle in the c
vestment is ma
or low bonus
surance has ce
nterested in lif
The Banglade
ompany prom
words, each com
a whole.
marketing of i
alue in daily li
its importanc
to lack of awa
on toward the
isk hazard. In
purchase insu
nce business d
o the general p
about services
urance compa
insurance com
panies, creatin
of insurance c
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
dustry lacks sk
tuaries. The
he country, is
the industry.
ing in the ma
claims process
ade in produc
additions to th
eased to look a
fe insurance an
esh Insurance
motes its own p
mpany is mark
insurance. Lac
ife. Such peop
ce as security f
areness, includ
e future. Peopl
addition, lack
urance unless l
does not have a
people and on
of insurance c
anies.
mpanies to fol
ng obstacles in
companies bu
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
killed underw
quality of tra
s not very exte
As a result, th
arket. The ind
s with the inte
ct developmen
he policy as a
as an attractiv
nd the urban
Association al
product, and t
keting itself
ck of education
ple cannot thin
for the future i
ding
le at risk can h
k of private sec
losses are expe
a strong positi
the other side
companies is v
llow unethical
n claims proce
ut also creates
er Risk A-8144)
158 051215
writers,
aining
ensive
here is
dustry
ention
nt and
result
ve
lso
there
n
nk
is.
have
ctor
ected
ion in
e the
very
l
edures
negative im
lack traine
insurance
There hav
tools that p
microfinan
increasing
Robust fin
reducing i
manageme
Microinsu
providing
allowing t
providing
Over the la
disaster ris
microcred
by a disast
program in
SEWA offe
While mos
in respons
weather ri
using rive
Index‐base
settlement
schemes h
There is a
General In
is for the p
levels of p
project wa
Developm
mpact in the m
ed personnel a
companies in
e been recent
promote resili
nce, social fun
g access to fina
nancing tools c
impacts and lo
ent. This chap
urance has eme
access to post
he poor to pro
immediate liq
ast several yea
sks. As a start
it loans so tha
ter. There are
n India, which
ers the insuran
st microinsura
ses to specific l
isks for crops u
rbed water lev
ed schemes ar
t of claims. Low
have the poten
“Meso‐level”
nsurance, PKSF
peak flood per
payout depend
as launched in
ment and Coop
mind of the pe
and even after
the country.
developments
ience and redu
nds, microinsu
ancing for disa
can help the po
osses of disaste
pter looks at m
erged as a pote
t‐disaster finan
otect their inve
quidity to the
ars a number m
ing point man
at borrowers (a
also examples
h allows its me
nce in partner
ance schemes h
losses, new in
using precipit
vel as a physic
re potentially m
w transaction
ntial to provide
index‐based f
F, Manab Muk
riod (16 Augus
ding on the flo
2013 and cov
peration (SDC)
eople about ins
5 years of exis
s to improve a
uce financial lo
rance, and cat
aster risk mana
oor to break th
er shocks, and
microinsurance
ential solution
ncial resource
estment and re
poor, microin
microinsuranc
ny microfinanc
and the MFIs)
s of bundling w
embers to save
ship with a re
have used trad
dex‐based sch
ation levels, co
cal trigger. Thi
more transpar
costs can subs
e an option for
flood insuranc
kti Sangstha (a
st to 30 Septem
od water leve
ers 1,661 hous
). The insurers
surance in gen
stence it is not
access among p
osses and suff
tastrophe pool
agement eithe
he poverty cyc
d providing res
as an option.
n for extending
s in a relativel
etain their fina
surance is also
ce schemes hav
ce institutions
will not be stu
with savings p
e for insurance
gulated insure
ditional indem
hemes have als
over livestock
is type of insu
rent than tradi
stantially redu
r DRF.
ce being pilote
an NGO) and
mber) and max
l and the num
seholds. The p
s have made a
Final Repo
neral. The regu
t able to fully m
poor and vuln
fering due to d
ls – have gene
er at household
cle by protecti
sources for dis
g insurance co
ly fast, reliable
ancial gains in
o seen as prom
ve also been d
(MFIs) have b
uck with the d
programs, such
e through fixe
er that underw
mnity insuranc
so emerged. S
k using temper
urance is also c
itional insuran
uce the premiu
ed in Sirajganj
Swiss Re (re‐i
ximum payou
mber of days th
premium is pai
payout in 201
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ulator’s office
monitor the op
nerable commu
disasters. Four
erated great in
d, community
ing their devel
saster prevent
overage in poo
e and predicta
n the face of di
moting dignity
developed or e
begun to offer
debt if their bu
h as SEWA’s m
ed deposits in
writes the poli
ce, which pays
o far these mo
rature level or
called paramet
nce and elimin
um. Index‐bas
area by OXFA
insurers). The
ut is 8,000 BDT
he water level
id by Swiss A
14 but details a
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
is understaffe
perations of al
unities to finan
r tools – that is
nterest for use i
y, or national le
lopment gains
tion and risk
or communitie
able manner an
isasters. By
y and self‐relia
extended to co
r insurance on
usiness is dam
microinsuranc
savings accou
icy.
s insurance cla
ost often cover
r cover flood ri
tric insurance.
nate the length
sed insurance
AM, Pragati
insurance cov
T. There are fou
remains high.
gency for
are not availab
er Risk A-8144)
159 051215
ed,
ll the
ncing
s,
in
evels.
s,
es –
nd
ance.
over
maged
ce
unts.
aims
r
isks,
.
hy
verage
ur
. The
ble.
A few othe
organizati
Other than
insurers in
Of the man
Unlike oth
product a
need to be
could be h
layer wher
held by eit
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
The Gover
reinsurers
8.2.4 In
The poten
and Coope
rapid grow
clients in c
forgivenes
organizati
better flow
build socia
can also pr
Microcred
1976 and w
number of
BRAC, Gr
24 Thiagu Ra
er index‐based
ions. No insur
n the above, no
n Bangladesh.
ny risks faced
her risks, it affe
unique propo
e adopted; the
handled by sav
re the insuran
ther of the foll
The internaThe sophisThe multila
rnment can pl
.24
nformal Se
tially construc
erative) can pl
wth that has oc
coping with th
ss, reschedulin
ions can also h
w of informatio
al capital as ex
rovide explicit
dit in Banglade
was then form
f microfinance
ameen Bank, a
anganathan; Micr
d projects/prod
rance compan
o catastrophic
by rural comm
ects the comm
osition. In desi
risks could be
vings and cred
ce companies
lowing entities
ational reinsurticated capitalateral agencies
ay any of the r
ector
ctive role micr
lay and their v
ccurred in mic
he impact of ca
ng of loan, asse
help improve t
on among thei
xpressed in sp
t and implicit
esh was pionee
malized in 1983
e institutions (
and Proshika.
rofinance Insight
ducts are bein
ies are involve
c insurance/mi
munities globa
munity across t
gning any dis
e divided into
dit by the comm
hold the risk,
s:
rance markets
l markets s or the Gover
roles in this st
rofinance insti
vulnerability in
crocredit. Thes
atastrophes. Th
et replacemen
targeting of re
ir members. A
ecific mitigati
insurance to t
ered by the Gr
3 as a public in
MFIs), particu
t 2007; Insurance
ng piloted/expe
ed in these pro
icroinsurance
ally, the risk o
the board. Thi
aster insuranc
three layers ‐
munities itself
(c) The third l
rnment or thro
ructure. It cou
tutions (financ
n a disaster ar
se organizatio
he services inc
nt, housing loa
lief programs
Another impor
on measures i
the household
rameen Bank,
nstitution. Sinc
ularly in recent
Against Disaster:
Final Repo
erimented by
ojects/product
schemes/prod
of disaster is p
is makes desig
ce product, inn
(a) the base la
f, (b) the next
layer is the ca
ough a pool cr
uld be the clien
cial non‐gover
re important is
ons offer a num
clude provisio
ans, and loans
through their
rtant feature of
in time of disa
ds in disaster‐p
which began
ce then, there h
nt years. Famou
: Innovating Desig
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
donors/intern
ts.
ducts are being
peculiar in that
gning a disaste
novations like
ayer is a self‐re
layer is the ma
tastrophe laye
reated by insur
nts, the insure
rnmental orga
ssues, particul
mber of service
on of temporar
for starting ne
r microfinance
f microfinance
aster. NGOs an
prone areas.
operations on
has been rapid
us names in th
gn and Implement
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
national
g offered by an
t it is systemic
er risk insuran
e risk‐layering
etention layer
arket risk‐tran
er which shou
rers.
ers or the
anizations (NG
larly in view o
es, which can
ry loans, loan
ew activities. T
e networks and
e is its capacity
nd Cooperativ
n a project basi
d growth in th
his sector are A
tation
er Risk A-8144)
160 051215
ny
c.
nce
may
that
nsfer
ld be
GOs)
of the
help
The
d
y to
ves
is in
he
ASA,
Currently
have over
As of May
billion (US
deposits in
Disasters c
million me
funded thr
billion (US
After the 1
(USD 64.40
were given
considered
240,000 fam
amount w
rice in the
rehabilitat
interest‐fre
386,500) fo
8.2.4.1
Many MFI
alleviate th
case of cat
risks. Mult
household
household
disasters a
microfinan
empowerm
expressed
25 MRA web26 Grameen B27 BRAC Ann28 PROSHIK
there are 742
26.4 million m
y 2014, loans am
SD 1.2 billion)
n excess of BD
can have a pro
embers of Gra
rough loans w
SD 12.9 million
1998 floods, th
0) again, if the
n BDT 2,500 (U
d for the housi
milies for hou
would be mostl
open market
tion program w
ee loan of 500
or rice, vegetab
MFIs and
Is/NGOs play
he burden of t
tastrophes. In
tiplicity of inc
ds in dealing w
ds. Some of the
are loan forgiv
nce networks,
ment of wome
in specific mi
bsite May 2014 Bank Annual Renual 1998
KA Annual Repor
financial NGO
members and 1
mounted to BD
. The total num
DT 29.4 billion
ofound impact
ameen Bank w
were destroyed
n) loan from B
he Grameen Ba
eir houses suff
USD 32.20) tow
ing loan were
sing to supple
ly used to buy
and sold it at
worth 50 milli
BDT each (US
bles and winte
NGOs
important rol
the central gov
addition to red
come‐earning o
with disasters b
e other attribu
veness in the a
better flow of
en. An importa
tigation measu
port 1998
rt 1998
Os registered w
19.7 million bo
DT 257.01 billi
mber of coope
(USD 378.3 m
t on microcred
were affected, o
d and Grameen
Bangladesh Ba
ank members w
fered damages
wards the sam
given a fresh
ement people s
y construction
subsidized rat
ion BDT throu
SD 6.44). It als
er crop cultiva
les in disaster
vernment and
ducing househ
opportunities
better. Microfi
utes of microfin
reas affected b
f information a
ant feature of m
ures.
with the Micro
orrowers, serv
ion (USD 3.3 b
eratives was 16
million).25
dit operations.
of which 0.8 m
n Bank faced s
ank to cope wit
who received
s. Those memb
me. Other mem
loan to recons
s efforts in rep
or repairing m
tes to group m
ugh which 100,
o supported a
ation.28
management
improve peop
hold‐level life
and asset buil
inance also pr
nance, which a
by disasters, b
among the clie
microfinance i
Final Repo
o Credit Regul
viced by 110,73
billion) and sa
64,536 with ov
. For example,
million were se
severe liquidit
th the after eff
housing loan
bers who did n
mbers whose h
struct their ho
pairing and reb
materials.27 The
members The P
,000 affected f
a credit progra
in the Banglad
ple’s access to
cycle risks, m
lding through
rovides explici
are very helpf
better targeting
entele of micro
is its capacity
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
latory Author
34 staff throug
avings amount
ver 8.6 million
, during the 19
riously affecte
ty issue and h
fects.26
before were g
not get housin
houses were de
ouses. BRAC e
building hom
e BRAC purch
Proshika took
families would
am of BDT 30 m
deshi context.
the means of
microfinance al
h microfinance
it and implicit
ful in dealing w
g of relief prog
ofinance organ
to build socia
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
ity. The NGOs
gh 14,674 bran
ted to BDT 94
members and
998 floods, 1.2
ed. Activities
had to take BDT
given BDT 5,00
ng loans befor
estroyed but w
xtended loans
es. The loan
hased 364 tons
up an emerge
d be provided
million (USD
Their activitie
livelihood in t
lso reduces dis
e help poor
t insurance to t
with large‐sca
grams through
nizations, and
al capital as
er Risk A-8144)
161 051215
s
nches.
d
T 1.0
00
e
were
s to
s of
ency
an
es
the
saster
the
ale
h
d
At the inst
impact of n
payment,
services at
inherent in
a valuable
Important
Banglades
provides t
manageme
As an exam
A non‐pro
developm
through p
through P
related to
branches.
(approxim
promoting
nutshell, P
approache
program s
8.2.4.2
The role o
during the
were overw
Banglades
ensure tha
immediate
members t
repaymen
members a
29 Geetha Na
titutional level
natural disaste
asset replacem
t different stag
n microfinance
e partner in an
t MFIs/NGOs i
sh NGO Found
the NGOs with
ent.
mple of the wa
ofit organisatio
ent agency, i.e
artner organiz
artner Organi
alleviate pove
The POs inclu
mately 55 millio
g microfinance
PKSF provides
ed the governm
since the netw
MFIs, NGO
f MFIs/NGOs
e 1998 floods. T
whelming. Th
sh responded t
at weekly cont
e interest‐free
to withdraw th
nts on their exi
address their i
agarajan, 1998; M
l, MFIs/NGOs
ers. These serv
ment and hous
ges of post‐dis
e enables it to
ny disaster‐man
in Bangladesh
dation, Social
h financial sup
ay in which M
on established
e., a second‐tie
zations (POs).
sations (POs),
erty. It is engag
ude Grameen B
on people). Its
e. PKSF has pl
s financial and
ment and the i
ork of its POs
Os and PK
in responding
The damages
heir income ge
to the unprece
tacts with all m
consumption
heir savings, r
sting loans. Th
immediate rel
Microfinance in the
s offer a numb
vices include p
sing loans, and
aster rehabilit
serve a wide r
nagement sch
h include, but n
Development
pport by grant
MFIs/NGOs can
d by the Gover
er organization
PKSF has thre
(b) institution
ged with 200 P
Bank, BRAC, P
s main objectiv
layed key roles
d technical sup
international d
offer a solid in
KSF Involve
g to disaster ri
to the standin
nerating activ
edented situat
members were
loans so that t
reschedule the
hey provided
ief and consum
e wake of Natural
er of services,
provision of te
d loans for star
tation: relief, re
range of rehab
heme.29
not limited to,
Foundation, a
ting funds, and
n be helpful in
nment of Bang
n, which does
ee programs –
nal developme
POs spread th
Proshika, and
ves include cre
s in shaping th
pport to poor a
donor agencie
nstitutional ba
ement with
isks was demo
ng crops, livest
vities were alm
ion of floods.
e maintained. T
the members w
e loan repayme
quick emergen
mption needs.
Disasters: Challen
Final Repo
which can he
emporary loan
rting new acti
ecovery and r
bilitation need
, PKSF (Palli K
and so on. Typ
d NGOS use s
n disaster man
gladesh in 199
not work with
– (a) microcred
ent program fo
hroughout the
ASA. PKSF se
eating employ
he microfinan
and ultra‐poor
es to involve it
ase to working
h Disaster
onstrated very
tock and hous
most suspende
The MFI/NGO
They carried m
would not go
ents, permitte
ncy loans, ofte
. A number of
nges and Opportun
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
elp clients in co
ns, re‐scheduli
ivities. MFIs/N
reconstruction
ds after a disas
Karma‐Sahaya
pically the cen
some of the fu
nagement, take
90, PKSF is an
th the poor dir
dit for the poor
or POs, and (c
country with
erves 11 millio
yment, helping
nce operated by
r through part
ts POs in the fl
g the remote a
Manageme
y successfully i
ses of the rural
d. All the MFI
O workers wen
money with th
hungry. They
ed the member
en small in siz
f MFIs/NGOs
nities
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
oping with the
ing of loan
NGOs provide
n. The flexibilit
ster and make
ak Foundation
ntral governme
nds for disaste
e the case of P
apex funding
rectly, but indi
r implemented
c) research pro
several thousa
on households
g the poor, and
y many MFIs.
tners. PKSF al
lood rehabilita
areas of Bangla
ent
in Bangladesh
l landless peop
Is/NGOs in
nt on boats to
hem and provi
y allowed the
rs to delay sev
ze, to help the
also provided
er Risk A-8144)
162 051215
e
these
ty
them
n),
ent
er
PKSF.
g
irectly
d
ogram
and
s
d
In a
so
ation
adesh.
h
ple
ided
veral
d loans
for econom
MFIs and N
Grameen B
program in
BRAC exte
rebuilding
purchased
Proshika t
families w
million BD
In addition
independe
water, mil
would hel
PKSF:
In addition
disaster m
life, livesto
which it p
Disaster M
amount if
mitigation
them cope
Bangla) un
prevent th
SAHOS is
disasters. I
livelihood
30 Warren Br
the Microfina31 Dipal C Ba
mic recovery a
NGOs:
Bank set up a
nvolving new
ended loans to
g homes. The l
d 364 tons of ri
took up an em
were provided
DT for rice, veg
n to these cred
ent of their cre
lk, and medici
lp the flood‐af
n to supportin
management in
ock, hospital c
rotects those P
Management P
the income‐ea
n approach bec
e with and reco
nder its Disast
hem from sellin
designed to e
It seeks to faci
restoration in
rown and Geetha
ance Industry
arua, 1998; The G
and reconstruc
Disaster Mitig
w loan product
o 240,000 fami
loan amount w
ice in the open
mergency rehab
with an intere
getables and w
dit operations,
edit operations
nes. They also
fected people
ng microcredit
n several dimen
cash plan and
POs that do no
Program (a qua
arning person
cause PKSF’s m
over from disa
ter Manageme
ng advance lab
ensure immedi
ilitate the copi
ncluding repai
a Nagarajan; 200
Grameen Strategy
ction of houses
gation Task Fo
s, assistance fo
ilies for housin
would be most
n market and s
bilitation prog
est‐free loan of
winter crop cu
all the NGOs
s. For example
o agreed to sup
to resume the
t programs, PK
nsions. For ex
paramedic he
ot have any in
asi‐insurance p
in the househ
microcredit pr
asters PKSF ha
ent program to
bor or valuabl
iate financial a
ing and recove
iring of houses
00; Bangladeshi Ex
to Combat the Floo
s.30
orce, which pre
or housing reh
ng to supplem
tly used to buy
sold it at subsi
ram worth 50
f 500 BDT each
ultivation, to be
s took up a num
e, they set up m
pport a numbe
eir economic a
KSF is involve
xample, PKSF n
althcare). PKS
surance or rei
program) und
hold is killed d
rograms have
as created a fu
o provide quic
le assets and e
assistance to su
ery mechanism
s, tube wells a
xperience in Adapt
od of 1998
Final Repo
epared and im
habilitation an
ment people s e
y construction
idized rates to
million BDT t
h. It also supp
e adjusted dur
mber of relief
medical center
er of activities
activities.
ed with inclusi
now has 7 mic
SF has set‐up a
insurance cove
der which it wa
due to a disaste
a total outreac
und called SAH
ck financial ass
enable them to
upport the vu
m of poor peop
and latrines; re
ting Financial Ser
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
mplemented a
nd agricultural
efforts in repai
n or repairing
o group memb
through which
ported a credit
ring the follow
and recovery
rs, distributed
s in non‐farm s
ive insurance,
croinsurance p
a Covariant Ri
erage. PKSF h
aives the entir
er. This is an i
ch of 35 millio
HOS (meaning
sistance to the
o find a humbl
ulnerable poor
ple. It is prima
estoring the ex
rvices to Cope with
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
rehabilitation
l production.31
iring and
materials. It
bers.
h 100,000 affec
t program wor
wing yield.
activities,
d food, drinkin
sector, which
covariant risk
programs (cre
isk Fund with
has also set up
re outstanding
important risk
on people. To h
g Courage in
e poor families
le and decent
r during and p
arily used for t
xisting income
h Floods, Implicati
er Risk A-8144)
163 051215
n 1
cted
rth 30
ng
ks and
dit
a
g loan
k
help
s,
life.
post
the
e
ions for
generating
provision
participati
borrowers
Another p
Foundatio
amongst o
of POs par
3.9 Bn (PK
Other disa
1. St
2. R
3. Pr
D
(in
During the
used in liv
is much lo
improving
The factor
Banglades
MFIs/NGO
quickly to
fundraisin
the damag
rehabilitat
clients, los
informatio
Good finan
and decisi
32 PKSF Web33 Ibid 34 Nina Nay
g activities and
of emergency
ing in this pro
s. Most of the l
program PKSF
on in Bangla). U
other support,
rticipating in t
KSF to POs BD
aster mitigatio
topping the loemoving the lroviding cond
Disaster Manag
n 16 years), an
e 2007 cyclone
velihood restor
ower than the m
g incomes of th
s that made ef
sh a success ar
Os with good l
the situation,
ng to meet the
ge of affected p
tion strategy o
ss of program
on, the MFIs/N
ncial and insti
ion‐making, an
bsite 8 Feb 2015
ar and M Faisal,
d ensuring con
medical servi
gram were 14
loans were ma
has been imp
Under BUNIA
provides capa
this program w
T 1.3 Bn).33
n measures of
oan recovery dlimit for savingditional grantsgement Fund ond the fund is
e (Sidr), two bi
ration program
market and w
he poor; the ap
ffective interve
re its capable le
leadership as
availed of exi
demand for re
people was als
of the MFIs/NG
income as a re
NGOs could pr
itutional mana
nd clarity in ch
1999; Microfinan
nsumption cap
ices, water and
9; the POs disb
ade during Sid
plementing for
AD, PKSF prov
acity building
were 135; the c
f PKSF include
during disastergs withdrawa
to partner orgof the PKSF haavailable for i
illion BDT has
m. The progra
where repay pe
pproach is gro
ention of some
eadership, com
that of ASA, B
isting disaster
esources. The
so very impor
GOs. It provid
esult of potent
roject capital r
agement inclu
hain of comma
nce Survives Bangl
pabilities durin
d sanitation. A
bursed BDT 5
dr (2007) and A
r the ultra poo
vides flexible m
support at the
cumulative len
e:
r period, and el ganizations (inas accumulate
instant relief a
s been received
am includes co
eriods are long
owth‐based, no
e of the MFIs/
mmitted staff,
BRAC, Gramee
mitigation fun
involvement o
tant. The close
ded good infor
tial drops in sa
requirements f
uding provision
and were also
ladesh Floods
Final Repo
ng post‐disast
As of June 2014
5.0 Bn (PKSF to
Aila (2009).32
r people since
microcredit to
e time of disas
nding of POs t
exempting the
n the order of ed more than oactivities.
d from the cen
onsumer loans
ger. Overall, th
ot market‐bas
/NGOs during
sound manag
en Bank, PKSF
nds, or develo
of committed
e monitoring o
rmation on the
avings and rep
for loans durin
n of cash reser
o effective in re
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ter period. It a
4 the number
o POs BDT 4.4
e 2004 is called
o the ultra‐poo
ster. As of Jun
to 640,000 bor
e service fee
10 million Me
one billion BD
ntral governm
s at the interes
here is heavy e
ed.
g the previous
gement and fin
F and PROSH
oped alternativ
field staff that
of the situation
e damage to as
payment. On t
ng the rehabil
rve, flexibility
esponding to t
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
also guarantee
of POs
4 Bn) to 120,69
d BUNIAD (m
or people and,
ne 2014 the num
rowers were B
eanwhile, the DT as of June 20
ment, which is t
st rate 0.5‐1%,
emphasis on
disasters in
nancial practic
HIKA responde
ve strategies o
t visited to ass
n was crucial t
ssets and incom
the basis of th
itation period
y in manageme
the crisis.34
er Risk A-8144)
164 051215
es the
98
eans
mber
BDT
014
to be
which
ces.
ed
of
sess
to the
me of
e
d.
ent
The large M
serious fin
established
income an
newly form
MFIs/NGO
not prepar
MFIs did n
primarily
infrequent
Microfinan
from the is
reduction
be address
supported
works pro
requires su
There are
governme
governme
not just loa
catastroph
The MFIs’
measures.
scheduling
However,
diversifica
measures.
communit
8.3 B
Banglades
35 Joan Parke36 Krishna V37 Krishna S.
MFIs/NGOs n
nancial impact
d and smaller
nd shortfall of
med MFIs/NG
Os did not hav
red to either w
not consider cl
geared to day
t, yet required
nce on its own
ssues of moral
in informal in
sed through in
d in combinatio
ograms, cereal
upportive serv
also concerns
ntal organizat
nt or donors, p
an default. Ma
he risk accumu
/NGOs’ interv
Emergency lo
g were some o
microfinance
ation of asset b
These measur
ties.37
Bangladesh
sh’s external d
er and Geetha NVasta and Frederi. Vatsa; 2000; Mic
named above c
t, because they
MFIs/NGOs f
cash for fresh
GOs in the disa
ve the liquid fu
weather or resp
lient needs fro
y‐to‐day busine
d significant in
n would have i
l hazard, inad
nsurance arran
nstitutional inn
on with other
banks, and ev
vices and inpu
that microinsu
tions (NGOs) t
particularly w
any MFIs and
ulations and st
vention in the
oans, permissi
of the financial
has the poten
base and housi
res contribute
h Sovereig
ebts as at 30 Ju
agaranjan, 2000; ick Krimgold,; 20crofinance for Dis
could respond
y have more th
found it difficu
loans. There a
aster response
unds to respon
pond to a natu
om an emergen
ess or househo
nstitutional inv
its limitations
equate monito
ngements prov
novations in m
instruments o
ven public sub
uts in the area
urance progra
that support th
when the insur
NGOs may la
tay solvent in
wake of 1998
ion for withdra
l facilities exte
ntial of suppor
ing improvem
to better disa
gn Rating
une 2014 are a
Can Microfinance000; Financing Diaster Risk Manage
d to the floods
han two decad
ult to operate
are several oth
and mitigatio
nd quickly or
ural disaster si
ncy point of v
old concerns. F
vestment.35
as a risk man
oring of credit
vided by social
microfinance s
of risk manage
bsidy. Besides,
of education,
ams may not b
hem without t
ance includes
ack the capacit
the long run.
floods was mo
awal of saving
ended to borro
ting ex ante m
ments are some
ster preparedn
as follows:
e Meet the Poor’s saster Mitigation fement in Banglade
Final Repo
and tropical c
des of operatio
due to the inc
her factors that
on. First, the ne
fully in a disa
ituation. Third
view; rather pr
Fourth, deman
nagement instr
t programs aft
l networks. M
sector. Microfin
ement, which i
, success of mi
health, irrigat
be economicall
the provision
broader cove
ty and technic
ore in nature o
gs, small adva
ower families f
mitigation mea
e of the examp
ness on part o
Financial Needs infor the Poor esh
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
cyclones and w
onal experienc
creased cost of
t limited the r
ewly formed a
aster context. S
d, the newly fo
roducts and se
nd for special
rument. These
ter large spatia
Many of these s
nance would a
include social
icrofinance pr
tion, marketin
ly viable for th
of significant
rage for livelih
cal sophisticati
of the ex post
ances against s
for coping wit
asures too. Inco
ples of ex ante
of the househo
n Times of Natura
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
withstand its
ce. In fact, the n
f delivery, loss
role of small an
and smaller
Second, they w
ormed and sm
ervices were
services was
e limitations ar
al shocks, and
shortcomings c
also need to b
funds, public
ograms alway
ng, etc.36
he MFIs or non
subsidies by t
hood impacts
ion to manage
mitigation
savings, loan r
th the disaster
ome generatio
mitigation
olds and
al Disasters
er Risk A-8144)
165 051215
newly
s of
nd
were
maller
rise
can
be
c
ys
n‐
the
and
e their
re‐
r.
on,
M
Bi
G
Sh
Banglades
country di
Banglades
500 million
retained a
U
de
W
ex
Th
38 Internation
Multilateral debilateral debt: U
Guarantee provhort‐term deb
sh’s internation
id not have an
sh (GOB) inten
n each with 5
s the issue ma
US Governmen
emand if floatWarnings by Baxpensive and mhe forthcomin
nal Fund for Agric
bt: USD 19.9 bUSD 3.0 billionvided: USD 14t: USD 1.4 bill
nal credit ratin
ny debt default
nded to raise U
percent (intere
anagers. The b
nt issued bondted at that time
angladesh Banmake Bangladng parliamenta
cultural Developm
billion (WB, ADn (China, India43 million lion
ng by Standar
t or did not re
USD 1 billion t
est rate on cur
ond issue was
ds around the se. nk that it will adeshi export mary election at
ment
DB, IFAD38, IDa, Japan, Kore
d & Poor and
schedule any
through floatin
rrent external
s subsequently
same time; it w
affect domesti
more expensivethe end of 201
Final Repo
DB, etc.) ea, Kuwait, etc
Fitch is “BB –
external debts
ng Sovereign B
debt – 1.4 perc
y shelved for a
was felt Bangla
ic money mark
e. 13.
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
c.)
–” (non‐investm
s. In late 2012,
Bonds in two
cent). Goldma
a multiple of r
adesh bonds w
ket and make
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
ment grade). T
, the Governm
tranches of US
an Sachs was
reasons:
will have low
BDT more
er Risk A-8144)
166 051215
The
ment of
SD
9 DisInte
Disaster ri
amongst in
of the dev
jurisdictio
In this real
are paid fo
recovery, a
using appr
importanc
procedure
Banglades
For the ben
sovereign
kinds. Ove
changes as
even clear
This sectio
manageme
practical. I
current sta
mechanism
9.1 N
The impac
perspectiv
preparedn
across mu
very little
saster Rernation
isk has broad s
ndividuals an
eloping world
ns, including B
lity, uninsured
or by domestic
and reconstru
ropriately des
ce to the long‐t
es and, indeed,
sh, with limite
nefit of its citiz
entities shoul
erlay this curr
s well as clima
er.
on outlines the
ent, and prese
It concludes w
atus of disaste
ms appear eas
Natural Cat
cts of catastrop
ve but also from
ness and reduc
ch of the deve
attention unti
Risk Finanal Mark
social and dev
d businesses a
d. Adequate m
Bangladesh.
d catastrophe
c taxpayers or
ction expense
signed ex ante (
term sustainab
, in many disa
d existing mar
zens and to el
d thus pay du
ent market rea
ate change – an
e rationale for
ents examples
with presentati
r risk financin
iest to develop
tastrophe R
phes on develo
m an economi
ction in recent
eloping world,
l recently.
ancing Oket Revie
velopmental im
are spotty at b
market‐based p
losses do not
international
s. Closing the
(before the fac
bility of sovere
aster‐prone cou
rkets to suppo
iminate suffer
ue consideratio
ality on top of
nd the need fo
disaster risk f
of disaster ris
ion of some po
ng and the iden
p.
Risk Manag
oping states ar
ic perspective.
years, and co
, preparing for
Options ew and A
mplications. T
est in develop
products simpl
simply dissipa
donors/lende
gap between
ct) disaster risk
eign disaster r
untries, of dev
ort the proactiv
ring due to ina
on to the aggre
f a moving risk
or a holistic ap
financing as pa
k financing str
otential option
ntified sectors
gement fo
re potentially
Despite very
nsequent redu
r the economic
Final Repo
for BanApprais
Take‐up rates f
ped world con
ly do not exist
ate into thin a
ers in the form
insured and u
k financing m
risk managem
velopment itse
ve transfer of
adequate or sl
egate economi
k landscape –
pproach to disa
art of holistic s
rategies and a
ns for Banglad
s where the ne
r Sovereig
catastrophic, n
significant str
uction of socia
c consequence
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
gladeshsal of Op
for disaster ins
ntexts and abys
t for certain pe
ir after a catas
m of ex post (afte
uninsured cata
echanisms is t
ment plans, pol
elf. This is esp
catastrophe ri
ow ex post los
ic exposure to
affected by so
aster risk man
sovereign disa
actions, both th
desh taking int
eed is greatest
gn States
not only from
rides in disaste
al impacts (inc
es of catastrop
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
h: ptions
surance produ
smal in many
erils in many
strophe, but in
er the fact) rel
astrophe losse
thus of crucial
licies and
pecially true fo
isk.
ss funding,
o catastrophes
ocio‐economic
nagement beco
aster risk
heoretical and
to account the
and the poten
a social
er risk
cluding loss of
phes had receiv
er Risk A-8144)
167 051215
ucts
parts
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ved
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the case of
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long coast
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2012).
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Banglades
action. Eff
increasing
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and startin
9.2 O
It is genera
1. R
2. M
3. R
us
Each of th
adesh, natural
gical hazards,
silience of the
the high risk i
opulation; acro
hus leaving a h
f Bangladesh,
l informal mec
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line and/or wh
tably lead to g
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ge and wave d
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l catastrophe r
, including tro
population.
is the lack of p
oss much of th
huge burden o
formal insuran
chanisms of ri
hallenges whic
climate change
hich are low‐ly
reater impacts
opical cyclone
damage for the
y to increase, so
not responsib
esponsible for
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being felt in ot
risk financing
y low baseline
l Aspects o
ed that there ar
nt and quantifibudget volatilihe overall liabiisk financing s
ed in more det
risk is an outsi
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penetration of
he developing
on the governm
nce mechanism
sk‐sharing bre
ch have recent
e. In many pla
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s of hydro‐met
activity itself
e same event i
o leading to m
ble for much o
an increasing
ategies put in
ther parts of A
g in Banglades
.
of Soverei
re three pillars
ication of the city caused by cilities throughsolutions.
tail below.
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s and extreme
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world, only a
ment to fund p
ms for catastro
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tly come to the
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teorological ev
may not incre
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more extreme (
f the current e
portion of the
place early wi
Asia.
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9.2.1 R
Previous s
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contingent
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In addition
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generally r
months aft
quick and
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9.2.2 M
The budge
national ri
events var
manageme
protecting
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risk‐layeri
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risk levels
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Risk Asses
sections of this
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. Immediate fu
relatively sma
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some time is u
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etary impacts
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.
gure 77. Laye
sment and
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gladesh under
l disaster losse
hough further d
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unding is need
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early recovery
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Budget Vol
of catastrophe
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n scale from s
eeds to allow
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to match poten
7 illustrates thi
red Disaster
d Quantific
provided infor
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detailed work
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latility
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169 051215
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170 051215
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9.2.3 R
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portion of
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across both
Developm
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mandating
re 79. Cost D
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h public and p
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e insurance ma
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widespread ins
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plicit and impl
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9.3 D
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disaster ris
reasons fo
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asing recognitidividual eventsmpacts on devnized for a loniduals and sovess; n the global deidentified as bcapacity to adgies to manag
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DRF) has play
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include:
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trophe and/or
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cal hazards havulnerability n developing under discussio
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rough support
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edit.
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itiatives includ
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9.4 C
This sectio
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all are sup
9.4.1 S
The Carib
2007 follow
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Th
th
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play in dev
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was incorp
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relevance to B
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potentially, ris
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given to the M
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urance Facilit
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Fund – A Review
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rruption policyapproach to qu
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ladesh, there a
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crowding in”
posed risk laye
Fund, which h
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ncies operating
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able populatio
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ority of the co
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ment mandate
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Report 2012.
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Final Repo
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43 www.euro44 www.afric45 pcrafi.sop
such support
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text of Bangla
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the need to en
and therefore
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aster burden o
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fferent levels o
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ars there is a fu
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Funding Gap
unding gap
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such as contin
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o 10 years or m
osses will be t
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181 051215
and
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since
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estimate a
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ng financial dis
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impact, includ
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uses the model
ighlighting tha
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it is worth bri
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er recent decad
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eeds assessmen
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ost all other ev
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obtained throu
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tions, the facto
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relationship of
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ds.
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nt (PDNA) me
(UN‐ECLAC);
vents with asse
ugh catastroph
not been desi
ngladesh: Dama
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Final Repo
ors impacting
having financi
es, identificatio
impossible. As
ficult except in
saster loss and
Bangladesh an
f modelled los
n share; and th
pact and sover
esented in sect
wn costs are mi
umption inher
g costs and add
ting on the est
at the national
ion of publishe
not provide an
e event often v
ly adopting a
ethodology de
; this methodo
essments base
he modelling s
igned or imple
age, Loss and Nee
esults/EU‐UNDP
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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on strategy de
ial response ne
on of the sourc
s described in
n a few indivi
d needs analys
nd from releva
ss to total natio
he breakdown
reign share
tions 5 and 6 o
issing from the
ent in using th
ditional non‐s
timation of sov
l level is spars
ed impact asse
ny review of, o
vary widely so
uniform appr
eveloped by th
ology is the ba
ed on the ECLA
such has been
emented to pr
eds Assessment
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esign and
eed and the tim
ce and timing
Section 7 abo
dual cases, an
sis61 which pro
ant global emp
onal impact; th
n of impacts in
of this report a
e modelled los
he full modelle
overeign costs
vereign / natio
se and highly
essments and
or commentary
o getting to a s
oach based on
he UN Econom
sis for the Cyc
AC methodolo
undertaken fo
rovide accurat
for Disaster Reco
er Risk A-8144)
182 051215
ming
of
ve,
nd for
ovides
pirical
he
nto
s a
ss
ed
s are
onal
other
y on
single
n a
mic
clone
ogy
or this
e loss
overy
analysis fo
probabilis
risks with
sovereign
and at the
a ‘modelle
individual
Rationaliz
complex a
the un
the es
neithe
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calibrated,
understoo
economic
billion, no
USD 1.320
other, both
The cost o
above the
PDNA (US
taking into
tropical cy
states so m
scales, ten
The non‐so
detailed an
impact on
theory the
rebuilding
let alone a
moral obli
or individual e
tic view of risk
particular kno
risk pools, mo
national level
ed loss’ param
l event at the n
ing the overal
and further dis
ncertainty in b
timates alway
er actual nor m
commentary in
, at least in pa
od and most co
impact from C
t including em
0 billion, also e
h estimates ha
f immediate e
loss and dama
SD 240m) plus
o account pled
yclone impacts
may not be par
ding to be rela
overeign share
nalysis presen
the share of to
e legal obligati
g phases, the fa
across a range
igations of the
events nor at t
k over a long t
own character
odels are now
l; both the Car
metric policy fo
national level.
ll ‘cost’ of an e
scussion is bey
both estimation
ys count differe
modelled estim
n mind, we no
rt, against the
omplete assess
Cyclone Sidr a
mergency resp
excluding eme
ave a significan
mergency resp
age estimate, b
s Government
dges not delive
s elsewhere in
rticularly relev
atively smaller
e of the total d
nted in the Cyc
otal damage a
ons of a sover
act is that such
of events. And
e state after a d
he national lev
time horizon a
ristics. Howev
being develop
ribbean and Pa
orm, in which p
event to a sove
yond the scope
n types is large
ent things acro
mates are neces
ote that the tro
economic imp
sment of the im
according to th
onse costs. Th
ergency respon
nt level of unc
ponse for Cyc
based on the a
t of Banglades
ered or not spe
the world (th
vant) and we b
r the larger the
damage and lo
clone Sidr PDN
and loss attribu
reign nation co
h data is simpl
d any such ana
disaster which
vel; models ha
and for portfo
ver, with the ad
ped and imple
acific sovereig
payouts are lin
ereign nation b
e of this report
e;
oss different ti
ssarily better o
opical cyclone
pact assessmen
mpacts of a na
he PDNA base
he loss obtaine
nse costs. Whi
certainty.
lone Sidr was
amount of pled
h and externa
ent. This estim
hough notably,
believe is a rea
e overall impa
oss estimate is
NA. The natur
utable to the s
ould be identif
ly not availabl
alysis would a
h, due to both h
Final Repo
ave been built
olios with a nu
dvent of param
emented whic
gn risk transfer
nked directly
between these
t; however, it
ime periods; a
or worse in an
modelling pr
nt for Cyclone
atural disaster
ed on the ECLA
ed from the mo
ile these value
likely in the o
dged emergen
al NGO inputs
mate is consiste
, most of those
asonable estim
act of an event
also difficult
re of each indi
tate even if all
fied and track
le for any sing
also miss the s
humanitarian
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
t primarily to p
umber of ident
metric insuran
ch are valid for
r programs de
to loss modell
e two alternativ
can be said th
and
ny particular si
resented in this
e Sidr, given th
in Bangladesh
AC methodolo
odel develope
es align relativ
order of an ad
ncy support in
s of approxima
ent with empi
e are for small
mate across a ra
t.
to tie down ev
ividual event h
l else is equal.
ked in the recov
gle disaster ev
share attributa
and political (
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provide a
tified individu
nce products a
r individual ev
escribed above
led for an
ve views is
hat:
ituation.
s report is
hat it is the be
h. The total
ogy is USD 1.6
ed for this proj
vely well with
ditional 10 to
n Table 7 of the
ately USD 35m
irical evidence
l‐island develo
ange of disast
ven with the
has a significa
And while in
very and
vent in Banglad
able to meeting
(as well as ma
er Risk A-8144)
183 051215
ual
and
vents
e use
est
675
ject is
each
15%
e
m, but
e from
oping
er
ant
n
desh,
g the
any
other) fact
both natio
Despite th
rebuilding
Table 1 in
‘damage’ i
long term
table, usin
infrastruct
Infrastru
Infrast
Soc
Product
Prod
Env
Two of the
is highly li
agricultura
can attemp
insurance
The privat
non‐life in
and comm
insurance.
catastroph
average an
responsibi
The other
in the orig
Furthermo
as describe
64 Swiss Re S
tors, tend to be
onal and intern
hese caveats, th
g costs in Bang
the PDNA rep
in this context
economic imp
ng the USD val
ture sub‐total
Table 5
Sector ucture‐Housing ructure‐Other cial Sectors tive‐Agriculture uctive‐Other vironment
e sectors are as
ikely that the v
al sectors after
pt to quantify
penetration d
te sector partic
nsurance penet
mercial insuran
. If premium r
he‐exposed are
nnualized natu
ility for housin
source of poss
ginal financing
ore, the NGO/
ed above, so th
Sigma No 3/2012
e higher than e
national respon
he following o
gladesh, based
port provides
t is physical da
pact of the dam
lues and ident
is incorrect in
51. Summary
Dama
$8
$2
$6
$2
$
$
ssigned to bot
vast majority o
r natural disas
the possible n
ata.
cipation in cov
tration rate in
nce so we assu
ates are a mul
eas) then cove
ural disaster lo
ng sector dam
sible housing r
g of a particula
MFI sector is a
hat even if the
, World insuranc
even conserva
nse.)
outlines our es
d on Cyclone S
a sectorial bre
amage to build
mage (through
tifying soverei
Table 1 of the
of Cyclone S
age (USD) 39.3 22.5 65.0 21.3 3.8 6.1
th sovereign an
of the econom
sters can reaso
non‐sovereign
vering damage
Bangladesh, u
ume only 0.1%
ltiple of 3 over
red average lo
oss rate is estim
age is coverin
replacement fi
ar dwelling bu
active in lendi
e sector holds l
ce in 2011 ‐ Non‐
ative estimates
timate of the s
Sidr data.
eakdown of da
dings, infrastru
h, for example,
ign and non‐so
e PDNA repor
idr damage a
Loss (USD)$0.0
$30.9
$21.1
$416.3
$48.6
$0.0
nd non‐sovere
mic burden of d
onably be assig
participation
e in the housin
using 2011 figu
of GDP is spe
r average loss
oss is just 0.035
mated at 2.5%
ng only ~2% of
inancing is the
ut not have tha
ing for repairs
little of the ris
‐life ready for tak
Final Repo
s would imagi
sovereign shar
amage and los
ructure, crops
, loss of use). T
overeign secto
rt in the USD c
and loss estim
Tot
$8
$2
$8
$4
$
$
eign categorie
damage and lo
gned to the sta
in these secto
ng sector appe
ures64, is 0.23%
ent on persona
(the low end o
5% of GDP. A
%, so insurance
f the risk.
e NGO/MFI se
at participation
s and rebuildin
sk, it will play
ke‐off, Statistical
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ine (and this fa
re of the total
ss estimates (n
etc., while los
Table 51 below
ors (it is noted
column for Da
mates by sect
tal (USD) 839.3
253.4
86.1
437.6
52.4
$6.1
s. From a gene
oss in both hou
ate in the Bang
rs by looking
ears to be extre
%. This include
al/household b
of the typical p
As indicated ab
e that could of
ector, which m
n covered by p
ng after natura
a role in finan
appendix, upda
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actor applies t
recovery and
noting that
s is the mediu
w summarizes
d that the
amage).
tor.
Sov / Non‐Both
Sovereign
Sovereign
Both
Non‐sovereiSovereign
eral perspectiv
using and
gladesh case. W
at the private
emely limited
es auto insura
building/conte
premium ratin
bove, the natio
fset governme
may be a partic
private insura
al disaster eve
ncing rebuildin
ate January 2013.
er Risk A-8144)
184 051215
to
um to
s that
Sov
n
n
gn
n
ve, it
We
d; the
ance
ents
ng for
onal
ent
cipant
ance.
ents,
ng
costs, offse
to the NGO
For the sak
through in
For agricu
given the a
will play a
this role is
damage an
Given thes
into gover
Table
Inf
In
Pr
As can be
the ‘missin
financing g
disaster.
ii)
Building o
governme
further spl
timeframe
the minim
financing i
the private
response i
etting state sup
O/MFI sector a
ke of conserva
nsurance, 15%
ultural damage
almost total la
a role by writin
s likely to be m
nd loss in the a
se assumption
rnment and no
52. Breakdow
Sector frastructure‐Hounfrastructure‐Ot
Social Sectorsoductive‐AgricuProductive‐OthEnvironment
Total
seen, the non‐
ng’ emergency
gap analysis is
Sectorial b
on the analysis
nt sectors to th
lit into emerge
e is generally t
mum time gene
institutions. N
e sector covers
s included in t
pport. Howev
at preferential
atism, we assu
through NGO
e and loss, we
ack of penetrat
ng off or resch
much smaller t
agriculture sec
ns, Table 52 pr
on‐governmen
wn of Cyclon
using ther s lture er
‐government s
y response cos
s robust in usi
breakdown an
s above, in Fig
he 1 in 100‐yea
ency (i.e. imm
aken as the tra
erally taken to
NGO/MFI dam
s both medium
the governme
ver, state supp
l rates post dis
ume that priva
O/MFI lending
estimate that
tion of agricul
heduling loans
han in the hou
ctor is reasona
ovides an esti
nt shares, an es
e Sidr damag
Total (m USD)839.3
253.4
86.1
437.6
52.4
6.1
1,674.9
share of losses
sts. We thus fe
ing the full mo
d timing of fi
gure 81 we sho
ar cyclone loss
mediate), mediu
ansition from
mobilize rebu
mage and loss i
m and long ter
nt emergency
ort is still indi
saster.
te means are c
g), leaving 80%
the private se
tural insuranc
s to small agric
using sector, a
able assignable
mate of the br
stimate we bel
ge and loss to
Sove
8
s included in m
el that these tw
odelled loss in
inancing need
ow the relative
s estimate from
um term (up to
recovery to lo
uilding financi
is addressed p
rm response. N
response pot.
Final Repo
irectly involve
covering 20%
% in the hands
ctor share in d
ce in Banglade
cultural produ
and we estima
e to the non‐so
reakdown of th
lieve is reason
o sovereign a
ereign share 80%
100%
100%
90%
0%
100%
84.2%
modelled estim
wo reasonably
n assessing gov
ds
e contribution
m the cyclone
o 6 months) an
ong‐term rebui
ing from the in
predominantly
Note that the N
.
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ed through its
of the housing
s of the state.
damage and lo
esh. Again the
ucers which w
ate that a maxi
overeign sour
he national los
nable for most
and non-sove
Non‐so
mates of nation
y offset each o
vernment fina
of governmen
model. Gover
nd long‐term.
ilding phases,
nternational d
y in medium‐t
NGO/MFI role
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wholesale len
g damage (5%
oss is very sma
e NGO/MFI se
will offset losse
mum of 10% o
rces.
ss for Cyclone
disaster even
ereign source
overeign share20% 0% 0% 10% 100% 0%
15.8%
nal loss is simi
other, and the
ancing needs p
nt and non‐
rnment losses
The 6‐month
, and coincides
development
erm response
e in emergency
er Risk A-8144)
185 051215
nding
%
all
ctor
es, but
of the
e Sidr
ts.
es.
ilar to
post‐
are
s with
while
y
Figure 81
As can be
financing i
Taking thi
would be m
emergency
Figure 82 p
that the fu
Figure 82
This analy
and the ne
. Relative sha
seen, around h
is needed for m
is analysis a st
manifested in
y response cos
provides the r
unding gap is 5
2. Share of go
ysis suggests th
eeds of the NG
are of govern
half of the fina
medium‐term
tep further, we
each of the fiv
sts and include
relative breakd
50% of the tota
overnment an
cos
hat the fundin
GO/MFI sector
nment and no
dis
ancing is requ
m recovery inve
e have made e
ve sector/time
ed non‐govern
down of the to
al modelled lo
nd non-govern
sts relative to
ng gap is predo
r, also in the m
on-governmen
aster costs.
uired for long‐t
estment.
estimates of th
frame categor
nment costs fo
otal funding ga
oss.
nment, and s
o estimated fu
ominantly focu
medium term. T
Final Repo
nt, and short-
term rebuildin
he relative port
ries identified
or consistency
ap for a 1 in 10
short-, medium
unding gap.
used on the m
This suggests
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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ng, while arou
tion of the fun
above. We ha
with the over
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m- and long-t
medium‐term s
that risk finan
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
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nd long-term
und 30‐35% of
nding gap that
ave excluded
rall gap analys
ne event, assum
term post-dis
sovereign need
ncing solution
er Risk A-8144)
186 051215
post-
t
sis.
ming
saster
ds
s in
the sovere
appropriat
Before bui
emphasizi
reconstruc
better in te
considerab
respond ra
9.6 P
9.6.1 S
Two sover
in Banglad
credit wou
while para
frequent) a
being man
were avail
9.6.1.1
Given Ban
Developm
borrower f
DDO) pro
through co
available u
response f
associated
Tying cont
developm
A continge
product (s
65 http://trea
eign and NGO
te to consider.
ilding on these
ing that early r
ction needs. Si
erms of timing
bly, possibly s
apidly and sub
Practical Im
Sovereign O
reign disaster
desh’s case, na
uld be deploye
ametric risk tra
and could pro
naged would l
lable.
Contingen
ngladesh’s cur
ment Associatio
from the Worl
duct65 offered
ontingent cred
using a ‘soft’ tr
funds set aside
d with internat
tingent credit
ent of pre‐agr
ent credit line
see below), wh
sury.worldbank
O/MFI realms a
.
e conclusions i
recovery actio
imply by addr
g), the long‐ter
several times o
bstantially afte
mplementa
Options
risk financing
amely continge
ed to complem
ansfer would
ovide rapid liq
ikely be small
nt Credit
rent difficulty
on (IDA) rathe
ld Bank (maki
by IBRD), opt
dit will be sma
rigger (e.g. de
e as budget co
tional donor‐d
to capacity bu
eed contingen
would provid
hich would on
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and operating
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ons have a sub
ressing the me
rm gap (which
over. This prov
er disaster stri
ble Solutio
g options are m
ent credit and
ment internal b
deal with less
quidity to supp
l, but the risk t
y in raising com
er than Interna
ing it ineligible
tions for contin
all. However, a
eclaration of em
ontingencies at
driven emergen
uilding in disa
ncy plans, wou
de greater flex
ly trigger for s
andouts_Finance
in the 1 to 6 m
practical, imp
stantial additi
edium‐term res
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vides addition
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most practical f
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frequent even
port early reco
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mmercial sove
ational Bank fo
e for the Catas
ngent credit a
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t the national l
ncy response m
aster preparedn
uld incentivize
ibility for resp
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e/CatDDO_Produ
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months post‐di
plementable so
ional benefit in
sponse financ
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nal emphasis o
for exploration
ransfer of cyclo
chanisms for r
nts (e.g. 1 in 10
overy. In both
n could be sca
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redit line on p
uld provide a u
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e better risk m
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ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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isaster period
olutions, it is w
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0 annualized p
cases, the init
aled up quickly
d its status as
tion and Deve
red Drawdow
d the amount o
pre‐agreed term
useful comple
uld reduce the
y warning, inc
management.
pure parametri
ic intensity of i
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
are the most
worth re‐
ng‐term
the earlier the
s likely to shrin
ools which can
ort to medium
ood risk. Conti
ore frequent e
probability an
ial quantum o
y if premium f
an Internation
elopment (IBR
wn Option (CA
of risk manage
ms made rapid
ement to emer
e uncertainty
cluding
ic insurance
impact. Altho
er Risk A-8144)
187 051215
nk
n
m term
ingent
events
nd less
of risk
funds
nal
RD)
AT‐
eable
dly
rgency
ugh
there is cu
indicated i
The key lik
Struct
risk m
Pre‐ag
Cap oBangl
these tropic
Could
Up‐froremain
WB punkno
Loan t
Given the
relatively
must be as
IDA or ID
events, the
developm
9.6.1.2
Parametric
the main c
sustained
sufficient t
modelled‐
Caribbean
surroundi
Transfer o
risk, and d
possible to
externally‐
urrently no con
its willingness
kely elements
tured as a conmanagement.
greed trigger –
on contingent cadesh effectivtogether coulcal cyclone dis
d include pre‐a
ont arrangeme
ning balance a
roduct is for 3own.
terms (grace/m
status of Bang
quick mobiliz
ssessed in ligh
A‐like terms w
e full long‐term
ent programs
Parametri
c transfer of so
constraint to co
basis. For trop
to support a p
‐loss parametr
n/Central Ame
ng appetite an
of parametric f
due to the fact
o use the existi
‐sourced rainf
ntingent credit
s to discuss su
of a contingen
tingent extens
– usually quali
credit amount
ve capacity in d cover arounaster (Figure 8
agreed spendi
ent fee (WB anafter partial di
3 year period
maturity/rate)
gladesh’s sove
ation of recov
ht of the specif
will be more fi
m cost of conti
– must be ass
c Sovereig
overeign risk i
ompleting a tr
pical cyclone r
parametric tran
ric program co
erica CCRIF an
nd pricing for
flood risk wou
that few prece
ing work as pr
fall data (e.g. m
t product avai
uch a mechanis
nt credit line w
sion of a norm
itative (e.g. de
t – a USD 250mthe form of rnd half of the 82). Partial dra
ng plan for fu
nd JICA produisbursal and /
with up to fo
‐ JICA 10/40/0
ereign credit ra
ery funding to
fic terms that m
inancially effic
ingent credit –
essed for the p
gn Risk Tra
into the intern
ransaction bein
risk, the model
nsaction, and w
ould be develo
nd the Pacific P
such a deal.
uld be much m
edents exist fo
resented earlie
modelled or sa
lable to Bangl
sm with the Ba
would be:
mal funding w
eclaration of em
m credit facilitreserve funds funding gap awdown woul
unds before dis
ucts have 0.5%or, for WB, ren
our renewals
0.01%, WB var
ating and othe
o add to liquid
may be offered
cient than risk
– particularly i
particular cond
ansfer
national marke
ng the availab
l described pr
with a relative
oped and a pro
PCRAFI progr
more challengin
or transfer of s
er as a basis fo
atellite‐based r
Final Repo
ladesh, the As
angladesh gov
window, likely
mergency by n
ty would apprand budget rfor medium‐tld be allowabl
sbursal.
% arrangemen
newal of cred
allowable. JIC
riable on all bu
er related facto
dity from reser
d. While it is li
k transfer for fi
is it may offse
ditions preval
ets is certainly
bility of premiu
reviously in th
ely small addit
oduct structur
rams significa
ng due to the
sovereign floo
or developmen
rain data), suc
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ian Developm
vernment.
a loan for inv
national gover
roximately ma
re‐allocations term recoveryle.
nt fee) and addit facility (0.25
CA duration a
ut less favorab
ors, contingen
rves and budg
ikely that cont
inancing more
et lending at so
lent at the time
y possible for B
um funds, bot
his report is clo
tional investm
red. Precedent
antly reduce th
complexity of
d risk. Howev
nt of a weathe
ch as was recen
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
ment Bank has
vestment in di
rnment).
atch Governm(see Figure 80y for a 1 in 100
ditional fixed 5% in both cas
and extension
ble.
nt credit for
get reallocation
tingent credit
e frequent disa
oft rates for ot
e.
Bangladesh, w
th initially and
ose to being
ment, a full
ts from the
he uncertainty
f the hazard an
ver, it may be
er hedge based
ntly launched
er Risk A-8144)
188 051215
isaster
ment of 0) and 0‐year
fee on ses).
terms
ns
on
aster
ther
with
d on a
nd
d on
d as
part of the
commercia
flood‐footp
parametric
Example o
The target
to 3 month
example w
separately
event. Thi
of risk tran
For simpli
alone polic
constraint
model. It s
above, the
will be sev
Given the
to 25% of t
term recov
Cyclone u
e CCRIF progr
al models com
print mapping
c flood model
of Sovereign P
t for a risk tran
hs after a disas
we have the in
y) and payouts
s is a typical s
nsfer but also
icity, the two p
cies and stand
s to such an of
should also be
ere is currently
veral, perhaps
stated target f
the total losses
very phase (se
sed as a basis
ram. Regional
mpleted in the
g technology i
for Banglades
Parametric Insu
nsfer product w
ster. It would b
surance policy
s will increase
tructure for a
allowing for a
perils addresse
d‐alone pricing
ffering being a
e noted that wh
y no sovereign
many years b
for a sovereign
s, which appro
e Figure 81). F
for structurin
precedents do
two years afte
is also develop
sh in the next
urance Policy
would be to co
be available o
y trigger set at
pro‐rata with
sovereign par
a payout proba
ed, flood and
g. While there
available in th
hile flood cove
n level parame
before one is d
n risk transfer
oximates the p
Figure 83 show
g the risk tran
o exist for nati
er the floods in
ping rapidly an
few years.
for Banglades
over early pos
nly for relativ
t the 1 in 10‐ye
h losses until th
rametric produ
ability accepta
cyclone, are tr
may be efficie
he near‐term m
er is addressed
etric flood mod
eveloped and
product, the f
portion of loss
ws the full exce
nsfer product,
Final Repo
ional level hyd
n Thailand in l
nd may be sui
sh
st‐disaster reco
vely infrequent
ear loss level (
he coverage lim
uct, maximizin
able at the poli
reated as indep
encies in a com
make this two‐p
d here based o
del in existenc
accepted by t
full national lo
ses requiring fi
eedance proba
with this dow
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
drological floo
late‐2011), and
itable for unde
overy needs in
t, but large‐im
(for each of the
mit is paid ou
ng the relative
itical level.
pendent perils
mbined covera
policy approa
on the risk pro
ce anywhere in
the markets an
oss profile has
inancing durin
ability curves
wnscaling appl
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
od models (e.g
d satellite‐base
erpinning a
n the period fr
mpact events; in
e covered peri
t for a 1 in 100
e cost‐effective
s and have sta
age, the practic
ach a reasonab
ofile presented
n the world an
nywhere.
s been downsc
ng the medium
for Flood and
lied.
er Risk A-8144)
189 051215
g.
ed
rom 1
n this
ils
0‐year
eness
and‐
cal
ble
d
nd it
caled
m‐
d
Figure 8
Figure 84 s
Cyclone an
83. Exceedan
shows just the
nd Flood mark
ce probability
e lower return
ked.
y curves for ‘
full mode
period portio
‘Government
eled national
on of the full E
Final Repo
t response co
loss.
EP curve, with
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
osts’, represe
10 and 100‐ye
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
enting 25% of
ear loss levels
er Risk A-8144)
190 051215
f the
for
Figure 84
The charac
Table 53.
Fu
Stan
Att
Exh
E
Esti
Est
In this exa
and USD 3
any event
curves for
parametric
4. Exceedanc
cteristics of th
Key charact
ll Expected Lossndard Deviationtachment (10‐yr haustion (100‐yr
Premium Estimated cedingmated coveragetimated rate on
ample, premiu
357m for cyclo
which trigger
both perils fo
c insurance pr
ce probability
levels m
e example risk
eristics of po
(EL) of EL loss) loss)
g % e limit limit
um has been fix
one. Doubling
rs the policy (i
or policies with
roducts for Ban
curves for ‘G
marked for bo
k transfer prod
ossible param
$2
$3
$6
$1
$
$3
xed at USD 20
premium will
.e. losses great
h the character
ngladesh. All
Government r
oth Cyclone a
duct are provi
metric insuran
USD.
Cyclone 245,312,249
379,169,894
680,054,512
,787,772,876
$20,000,000
32.18%
356,511,344
5.61%
0m per peril, g
l double the co
ter than the at
ristics shown i
values are US
Final Repo
response cos
and Flood per
ided in Table 5
nce products
giving a covera
overage limit
ttachment poin
in Table 53. Ke
SD.
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
sts’, with 10-
rils.
53.
for Banglade
$551
$679
$1,44
$3,01
$20,
2
$340
5
age limit of US
and will doub
nt.) Figure 85
ey characteris
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
and 100-year
esh. All value
Flood 1,061,357 9,478,383 48,552,328
17,403,814
,000,000 1.69% 0,349,435 5.88%
SD 340m for fl
ble the payout
shows the pay
stics of possibl
er Risk A-8144)
191 051215
r loss
es are
lood
t for
yout
e
Pricing is a
1.5. That a
risk transf
pricing for
For a fixed
the covera
coverage a
consistent
Figure 8
Note th
Actual pri
constraine
above is fe
assumed to be
assumption is i
fer programme
r transferred r
d premium, pr
age limits in Ta
at the lower en
across both p
85. Payout cu
hat elements
cing of a prod
ed only once a
elt to be reason
e a simple mul
in the middle
es, taking into
isk from those
ricing differen
able 53 for a re
nd of the pricin
erils.
urves for Cyc
of the curves
duct will depen
product is de
nably stable –
ltiple of expec
of a range of p
o account assum
e programmes
nce leads to a c
easonable rang
ng range and
clone and Floo
s are labelled
nd on a variety
veloped and p
certainly in th
cted loss, and f
publicly‐availa
mptions abou
s which operat
change in cedin
ge of pricing m
~USD 25m les
od coverage
for Cyclone
also.
y of structurin
placement con
he coming few
Final Repo
for the estimat
able data for n
ut primary poli
te as risk pool
ng percentage
multiples (1.25
ss coverage at
with characte
only; the sam
ng and market
nsidered. How
w years – and t
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
tes in Table 53
non‐peak para
icy pricing aga
ls.
e and coverage
5 to 1.75) is ~U
the top of the
eristics desc
me structure i
t factors which
wever, the prici
there is high co
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
3, is assumed t
ametric sovere
ainst risk mark
e limit; the ran
USD 35m more
pricing range
ribed in the t
is true for Flo
h can be better
ing range utili
onfidence of g
er Risk A-8144)
192 051215
to be
eign
ket
nge on
e
e,
ext.
ood
r
ized
global
market ap
model is w
9.6.2 N
Helping th
when disa
developed
developm
weather in
Banglades
Building o
the portfol
micro‐insu
experience
process. A
coverage,
Substantia
of this risk
a major di
MFI client
The MFI s
disaster ris
credit/life
Breaking t
sticks (e.g.
carrots (e.g
portfolios)
Portfolio p
would ena
capital infl
generating
markets, n
Haiyan in
66 Personal c
petite for sove
well‐understoo
Non-Sovere
he population
aster strikes. Tr
d in Banglades
ent. However,
ndex insurance
sh.
on the micro‐fi
lio level shoul
urance produc
e from around
A more direct r
of portfolios o
al natural catas
k provides dua
saster, while a
ts so that they
ector in Bangl
sk financing, a
or health insu
the existing sta
. requiring cat
g. provision of
).
protection for M
able not only r
lux through ex
g economic act
not by‐pass the
late‐201366 sug
communication t
ereign risk fro
od and accepte
eign Optio
to help thems
raditional pro
sh and appear
, the relatively
e, are likely to
inance platform
ld be primary
cts such as Oxf
d the world de
route to suppo
of micro‐loans
strophe risk re
al benefits; it p
also potentially
can participat
ladesh already
although the “
urance (which
atus‐quo of M
astrophe expo
f technical sup
MFIs would b
re‐structuring
xisting channe
tivity and allo
em. Recent, as
ggests that the
o the author by S
m countries su
ed and the pro
ns
selves is a high
operty / catastr
unlikely to sc
y strong micro
o be most appr
m, index‐base
targets for sup
fam’s index‐ba
monstrates th
orting large po
for example.
esides in the lo
protects agains
y catalyzing e
te in the rebuil
y has an establ
“catastrophe”
are the predom
FIs not explici
osure of MFI lo
pport for risk a
bring a rapid in
of existing loa
els to existing
owing the long
s yet unpublish
e appetite for a
Stewart McCullo
uch as Banglad
oduct is structu
hly efficient w
rophe and agri
cale up quickly
ofinance sector
ropriate tools f
ed weather pro
pport. While p
ased flood ins
hat reaching sc
ortions of the l
oan portfolios
st low income
conomic activ
lding process.
lished insuran
exposure of M
minant forms
itly recognizin
oan portfolios
assessment, su
nflux of new l
ans but, more
(good) MFI cl
g‐term reconst
hed work in th
and repaymen
och, Global Insur
Final Repo
desh, assumin
tured appropri
way of reducing
icultural insur
y, even with in
r means that m
for expanding
oducts at both
piloting and ev
surance progra
cale and econo
low‐income po
of the MFI sec
individuals sl
vity through p
nce element an
MFIs must be m
of insurance c
ng their catastr
s to be quantifi
ubsidizing pre
iquidity after
importantly, d
lients has a lar
truction financ
he Philippines
nt rates on new
rance Director at
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ng that the und
iately.
g the burden o
rance markets
nvestment in m
micro‐insuranc
g private insur
h the individua
ventual expan
am are worthy
omic sustainab
opulation is th
ctor. Appropr
liding into gre
roviding addi
nd can thus be
managed very
currently offer
rophe exposur
ied and active
emiums for ins
major loan‐str
distribution of
rge multiplyin
cing to run thr
s in areas impa
w loans among
VisionFund Inte
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
derlying param
on the governm
s are not well
market
ce, and particu
rance markets
al and especial
nsion of indivi
y of support,
bility is a long
hrough meso‐l
riate managem
eater hardship
itional financin
a strong partn
y differently to
red by MFIs).
re will require
ely managed) a
suring loan
ressing events
f new loans. N
ng effect in
rough local
acted by Cyclo
gst existing M
ernational, 2014.
er Risk A-8144)
193 051215
metric
ment
ularly
in
lly at
dual
level
ment
p after
ng to
ner in
o
e both
and
s. This
New
one
MFI
clients are
process.
Using inte
As describ
these mech
unreliable
dependen
sector’s ex
demonstra
Governme
As describ
executed b
its partner
CRF is thu
portfolios.
no plans fo
for genera
The level o
limited; in
to cover th
provides a
which cou
NGO/MFI
by an up‐s
based wea
Scoping A
As previou
Assuming
national an
exposure o
5% for Cyc
67 NGO Expe
Executive
resource/P
both very hig
ernational risk
bed previously
hanisms tend
. The financial
t on ex‐post fi
xpansive respo
ates the substa
ent and at leas
bed earlier in t
by the ADB, ha
r organizations
us effectively a
. The DIISP is
or developme
al livelihood pr
of covariant ri
ndeed, PKSF h
he needs of its
an ideal vehicl
uld start with t
Is. Each deal co
scaled CRF wh
ather insuranc
Analysis
usly stated, th
g a national dis
nd regional N
of USD 3.15b.
clone and alm
eriences in Imple
e Director of the IPDF/20140704/2_
gh and the ava
markets to sc
y, while the NG
to be ad‐hoc in
l underpinnin
nancing and o
onse to natural
antial role that
st starting to p
this report, PK
as set up a Co
s (POs) in the
acting as a rein
also supportin
nt of weather
rotection.
sk to the healt
as thus far fun
POs in the ev
le for developi
the offering of
ould be fronte
hich itself coul
e portfolio risk
he total outstan
stribution of th
NGO/MFIs) and
The national m
most 8.5% for fl
ementing InsuranInstitute of Micro
_IGES‐UMK_sem
ailability of suc
cale up PKSF C
GO/MFI secto
n nature, and
ng of these disa
on the Govern
l disasters also
t can be played
ass responsibi
KSF, under the
variant Risk F
event of majo
nsurer to the p
ng developme
index insuran
th and life mic
nded the CRF
vent of a major
ing a broad ca
f a generic loan
ed by a local in
ld access the g
k.
nding loan bal
hese outstandi
d assuming th
modelled loss
lood. Taking in
nce Products in Aofinance, 5 July 2minar_Presentati
ch new financ
Covariant Risk
or certainly has
are therefore
aster response
ment (includin
o – such as pre
d by the NGO
ility for disaste
Developing In
Fund (CRF), th
r covariant los
pool of POs an
ent of a livesto
nce under this
croinsurance p
itself and estim
r covariant sho
atastrophe mic
n portfolio cov
nsurer if neces
global reinsura
lance in the NG
ing loans (whi
hat 90% of the
rate relative t
nto account th
Agriculture in Ba2014, Malaysia. hon‐BK.pdf.
Final Repo
cing has signifi
k Fund progra
s mechanisms
inherently ine
e mechanisms
ng the Bangla
eviously descr
O/MFI sector in
er risk manag
nclusive Insur
he aim of whic
sses to their m
nd their credit/
ock insurance p
program, eith
programs bein
mates that onl
ock67. Howeve
croinsurance m
verage which c
ssary but with
ance markets a
GO/MFI secto
ich in turn ass
loans are clim
to GDP for a 1
he relatively hi
angladesh. Presehttp://www.iges.
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
icantly enhanc
am
s in place for d
efficient and p
is also weak, b
adesh Bank.) H
ribed for the 1
n alleviating th
gement to indiv
rance Sector P
ch is to provid
microinsurance
/life and health
program, but t
her specifically
ng developed u
ly USD 6m is r
er, it is recogni
marketplace in
could be picke
h the risk ultim
as a pool of NG
or is around US
sumes constru
mate‐exposed, w
in 100‐year ev
igher vulnerab
entation by Prof. or.jp/files/resear
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
11049 FINAL REP 0
ced the recove
disaster respon
potentially
being highly
However, the
998 floods –
he burden on
viduals.
Project (DIISP)
de risk capacity
e programs. Th
h microinsura
there appear t
y for agricultu
under DIISP is
required in ca
ized that PKSF
n Bangladesh,
ed up by indiv
mately borne m
GO/MFI index
SD 3.5 billion.
uction of a poo
we have an ov
vent is just un
bility of NGO/
M A Baqui Khalrch/natural‐
er Risk A-8144)
194 051215
ery
nse,
y to
he
ance
to be
ure or
s
apital
F
vidual
mainly
x‐
.
ol of
verall
nder
/MFI
lily,
clients aga
‘loss’ or im
comprise a
Taking the
assumes a
NGO/MFI
a rate of ar
Even from
particularl
for such a
Comp
a simp
A simgeogr
risk an
A con
Capita
Techn
risk tr
The DIISP
critical com
globally (e
program w
ainst national e
mpairment aga
around 60% of
e average rate
a similar cover
I pool as for th
round 60 basis
m this simple a
ly compared t
scheme to be
pulsory participle risk assessm
mple parametri
aphic distribunalysis.
nstant rating st
alization of the
nical assistanceransfer are pas
P and Covarian
mponents of a
e.g. CLIMBS p
was sustainabl
exposure, a lo
ainst the nation
f the identified
on limit from
age structure
he national los
s points per do
nalysis, it is cl
o prevalent re
viable, includ
ipation for all ment process
ic product struution of the loa
tructure and an
e risk pool.
e program andssed on to clien
nt Risk Fund w
a portfolio mic
program in the
le in the mediu
ss rate of 10%
nal NGO/MFI
d funding gap
the analysis a
for a loan port
ses, USD 315m
ollar of climate
lear that the m
epayment rates
ing:
NGO/MFIs wto identify and
ucture at the Nan portfolio ca
n efficient veh
d required connts.
would appear
roinsurance p
e Philippines) w
um‐ to long‐te
for a 1 in 100‐
I loan portfolio
p for the MFI/N
at the sovereig
tfolio coverag
m coverage wo
e‐exposed loan
marginal cost o
s. However, a
with climate‐exd quantify the
NGO/MFI levan be captured
hicle to underw
ntingency plan
to provide a s
pool, although
would need to
erm.
Final Repo
‐year event se
o of USD 315m
NGO sector (se
gn level presen
ge and a simila
ould cost just u
an value per ye
on each individ
a number of ele
xposed loan pe covariant we
vel, such that td but without
write cover an
nning for NGO
significant hea
experience fro
o be closely in
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
SF13-
ems reasonab
m. If fully cove
ee Figure 82).
nted above, an
ar shape of risk
under USD 20
ear.
dual loan doll
ements would
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and R. H. Scan
P., A T. M. KaIndian Ocean
P., A. T. M. Khian Ocean,” M
P., and T. M. ABengal and th
sh.
A., and Mosley
ssessment” La
nd Md. Mohiu
A., and Bhattacrnational Conf07150, year an pp. 2713‐2719
ly TRMM and
). Available at
Second‐order m
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aka.
Ansary M.A. ng (IEB), 38(2)
A., Islam, M.R
mangal earthqu
Empirical glob36
8) “The impac
SMRC No. 1,
nlon 1996, Win
hn, S. and Rahn?” Current Sci
han, and S. RaMeteorology an
A. Khan (1999)he Arabian Sea
y, W.H. (1972) ncet 1(7759):1
uddin Siddiqui
charya, A.K. (2ference on Civnniversary con9
Other Rainfall
: http://disc2.n
moment of cen
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): 159‐172
R., and Safiulla
uake,” Environ
bal relations co
ct of tropical cySAARC Meteo
nd Effects on S
hman 2001, “Hience, 80, 575‐
ahman 2000, “Cnd Atmospher
) “Changes in a,” SAARC M
“East Bengal 029–1036
i, 2010; Investm
2008) “Flood Mvil Engineeringnference at Ben
Estimate (3B42
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ah, A.M.M. (20
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yclones on theorological Res
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cyclone of No
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gov/Giovanni/
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010) “Potential
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S and m b to m
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hn Wiley & So
ency of Intense
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ovember 1970.
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n Bangladesh: E
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., Rahman, U.,sh” ARPN Jou
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dian (2013) “B22 June 2013
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C. O., J. R. McD
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nk (2006) “Wh
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204 051215
Alam
h: Part
11 Ap
1.0 The
8th Man
atte
part
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e meeting startject and Joint o attended therkshop.
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partment of Di
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e technical sesal Point, Asians presented bysented the dirconsequences
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m Leader, Drject summary
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kshop on Capa2014. The chid Relief of theresentatives fbe found below
ted with the wSecretary, M
e meeting. The
sco, Director, ening remarks
tofa, Additionisaster Manag
sion started wn Developmen
y Charlotte Berect and indires for governme
overnance levekey points to thngthen financi
r. Akshay Gu. He introducile for Bangladize the GDP lknowing how
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TA‐81
ting Minutes
Date: 8t
nue: Conferen
acity Buildingief guest wa
e Government
from differenw).
welcome addrMinistry of Disen he briefed a
Public Manag
s. The inaugunal Secretary, Mement (DDM)
with the brief nt Bank. “Theenson from ADect losses and ent for risk finel. Sovereign he governmen
ial planning fo
upta, AIR Wo
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w much should
saster Risk Fi
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ce Room, CIR
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t of the Peoplnt governmen
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2014
RDAP, Dhaka
Risk Finance ah ul Alam, le’s Republic ont and non‐go
atya Brata Sahement and Rerall objectives
ncial Sector, aas ended folloMohammed
uest Mr. Mesba
ct backgroundanced Financihe Pointed ouof disaster riskified some riskfor disaster he disaster ris
oduced the teloping DRF (Dcomparative anhat it is veryed to the mar
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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gladesh
”
in BangladeshSecretary, Mof Bangladeshovernment ag
ha the Project Delief. He thanks of the project
and Trade Divowing the speeAbdul Wazed
ah ul Alam Se
d by Ms. Mayu
al Managemen
ut the GDP losk financing. Shk financing oprisk were al
sk, identificatio
am members Disaster Risk nalysis was shy important torket. A brief d
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
21049 FINAL REP 0
h (TA‐8144) heMinistry of Dih. The meetin
gencies (the l
Director of theked all partict and the aim
vision, ADB Mech of speciald, Director Gecretary, MoDM
umi Ozaki, Mnt of Disaster sses due to dishe also empha
ptions at houseso mentioned
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er Risk A-8144)
205 051215
eld on isaster ng was list of
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uld be transfe
Ivan Ricardo file of Bangladdel was run fogineering and pared. Damag
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urance aspect lained that mo
emphasizes thmicrofinance in
he last sessioncussed about tancing in Bang
ussion
er the session ed about who t a fundament
ny countries aded that we can
Muslehuddin
re taka for diized.
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m all the sector
and issues lik
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Gomez, AIR Wdesh and men
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n Dr. Simon Ythe biggest fugladesh.
a general discwill pay the ital pricing rulare already payn use the reser
n Ahmed fromsaster loss. Bu
Deputy DirectoMuslehuddin Athe victims ofent and donorrs to participa
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Young discussif the risk caarket.
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nancing projector capital mark
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cussion was hinsurance premle can be set ying more tharve from socia
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el was used, w
sed about the an be quantifi
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example. Thesity calculationlating to the i
Carlos Ramire
iscussed. TheHe also presen
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held and particmium and howto pay the mi
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tioned that thernment can ar
h Bank askedADPC said talso mention
ring from thehe premium fo
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what is the fun
concepts and ied then it wi
modeling for s focused on the simulation wn and countryintensity of th
ez, AIR World
e funding gapnted the pros
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provide any sohould be conssion.
studies on Me
angladesh and
cipants providw much they winimum amou
e loss as risk programs for di
e government rrange a risk
d about the rothat the comm
ned that micro
e impact of a or risk fund.
ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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nding gap and
development
ill be easier to
hazard. He dehe catastrophiwas done on ty specific expohe hazard and
dwide. Fundinp analysis of and cons of
ehuddin Ahmolutions in termidered in the D
exico, Caribbed what might
ded their feedwill pay. Dr. Sunt. He also gpremium. Oneisaster risk pre
is already pafund for disa
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mercial banksofinance institdisaster. So it
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
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d disaster freq
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escribed the hic disaster. Ththree stage‐ haosure databasd analysis of
ng data sourcedisasters occex‐post optio
med from ADPms of risk finaDRF solutions
an and Turkeybe possible fo
back. QuestioSimon Young gave some exae of the particemium.
aying more thaaster it will be
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t can be consi
er Risk A-8144)
206 051215
quency
or risk much
hazard he risk azard, se was storm
es and curred ns for
PC. He ncing. s. Role
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an 100 e more
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14.0 The
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Bangladesh AD
sion
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aft Final Repodback, final rep
ining and capsultation with
er the complet
n their website
to back up thADB cannot pDB can help to
will be submi
consultants thecontext of Ban
rt will be subport will be su
pacity buildinh the MoDMR
tion of the proe to make it acc
he insurance foprovide fundino find the optim
itted (first we
e government ngladesh and
bmitted (first wubmitted durin
ng part under and ADB.
oject the consucessible to all.
or the Bangladng for ever. Bumum solution
eek of Januarwill take deciwho would pa
week of Marc
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ultants will han
Final Repo
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ry 2015) to thision about wh
ay the premiu
ch 2015) to thof March 2015.
will be accom
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ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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ment was askedollaboration wisk financing.
he governme
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21049 FINAL REP 0
d to Mayumi Owith the govern
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nt and based o
ebruary 2015
nd ADB will u
er Risk A-8144)
207 051215
Ozaki. nment
detail will be
on the
upon
upload
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No. Name of P
Mesbah ul
Golam Mo
Md. Abdul
Mr. Satya B
Martin D. J
Charlotte B
Carlos Ram
Akshay Gu
Dr. Peerana
Ivan Gome
Mosleh Ah
Mayumi O
Mohamme
Dr. V. Hari
Md. Anisur
Abdul Azim
Netai Dey
Md. Abdur
Shamim A
Carsten Sch
Dr. Alamg
Naima Beg
Md. Manir
Participant
Alam
stafa
l Wazed
Brata Saha
Jensen
Benson
mirez
upta
an Towashiraporn
ez
hmed
Ozaki
ed Ahsan Ullah
Prasad
Rahman
m Chowdhury
Sarker
r Rahman
hmed Choudhury
hwensen
ir Safiul Alam
gum
rul Haq
List ofName of A
Secretary, M
Manageme
Additional
DG, DDM
Joint Secre
ADB
ADB
AIR World
AIR World
ADPC
AIR World
AIR World
ADB
ADPC
ADPC
ADPC
Joint Chief
AD (GIS), D
CA Firm
FAO, Natio
FAO, Int. C
Dept. of liv
MoDMR
MoDMR
f ParticipanAgency and Design
Ministry of Disaste
ent and Relief
l Secretary, MoDM
tary, MoDMR
dwide
dwide
dwide
dwide
f, Planning Commis
DDM
onal Consultant
Consultant
ve stocks, Director
Final Repo
nts nation Mob
er Mob
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ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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bile and e‐mail Ad
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bile: 01964268260
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bile: 01726094618
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bile: 01712722840
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bile: 01914948948
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21049 FINAL REP 0
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208 051215
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No. Name of P
Sk. Mizanu
Muhamme
Sultan‐ul‐a
Bruno Carr
Hiranya M
Manoj M. M
Asif Iqbal
Md. Mahbu
Md. Hasan
Md. Golam
Md. Ataur
Md. Harun
Rashada A
Swarna Ka
Staven
Salma Jaha
Md. Monir
Shyamal C
Partha Prat
Md. Majed
Md. Rasha
Md. Mahbu
Maria Haq
Participant
ur Rahman
ed Mazedul Haque
abedine molla
rasco Garcia
Mukhopadhay
Mitra
ubul Alam Majumd
nuzzaman
m Mortaza
Rahman
n Or Rashid
Akhter
azi
an
ruzzaman
Chendrashil
tim Deb
dur Rahman
adul Alam
ub Alam
que
Name of A
MoDMR
Micro Cred
Deputy Di
IDRA, Mem
Director, A
ADB
Joint SecreRelief
Bangladesh
der Senior Ass
Sr. Asst. Ch
ADB
SIRDAP
BFID
Deputy Sec
Disaster Ri
Bank
DRM Anal
MoDMR
MoDMR
Account O
Joint Secre
Assistant C
Com. Oper
MoDMR
ADPC
Agency and Design
dit Regulatory Auth
rector
mber
ADB
tary, M/O Director
h Bank, Deputy Dir
tt. Secretary, MoDM
hief, MoDMR
cretary, M/O Agric
isk Mgmt Specialis
lyst, World Bank
Office (CBDRF)
tary, MoDMR
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r, MoDMR
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ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban
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bile and e‐mail Ad
bile: 01552331191
ail: mizan61@gmail
bile: 01711948253
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bile: 01713190796
ail: sultan7864@hot
bile:
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bile:
ail: hmukhopadhay
bile:
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bile: 01712532158
bile: 01767493115
ail: shovon2907@ya
bile: 01712620744
ail:
bile: 01715622366
ail:
bile: 01718523742
ail:
bile: 01715025566
ail: hrashid68@yah
bile: 01715078026
ail:
bile:
ail:skazi@worldban
bile:
ail: skubinyi@world
bile: 01715180192
ail: jahansalma60@y
bile: 01710358758
ail:zamanmodmr@y
bile: 01766312382
ail: amitsen14098@g
bile: 01711434105
ail:ppdeb4835@gm
bile: 01712980413
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bile: 01728620056
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bile: 01920531645
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bile: 01717570388
uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA
21049 FINAL REP 0
ddress
l.com
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209 051215
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No. Name of P
Syeda Bush
Dr. Md. Sa
ABM Hass
Md. Mokte
Mohamme
Farazi
Satya Brata
AM Nasir U
Mahmuda
Sobiah Bec
Tanzeba A
Md. Sultan
Moniruzza
Md. Shafiu
Md. Reaz U
Khandoker
Md. Hasan
Nasima Pa
Kazi Sharif
Mohamme
Dr. V. Hari
Participant
hra Binte Amin
ajidur Rahman
sain Ahmed
er Hossain
ed Tasharuf Hossai
a Saha
Uddin
Masum
cker
A. Haq
nul Islam
aman Khan
ur Rahman
Uddin Khan
r Golam Twahod
n Faisal
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