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2009/SOM1/IPEG/SEM/015 Session: 4
Tech Transfer: Challenges and Issues for SMEs
Submitted by: WIPO
From Mind to Market: The Highs and Lows of Technology Transfer
Singapore23-24 February 2009
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T h T f Ch llTech Transfer: Challenges and Issues for SMEs
G S J iG S Jaiya
Director, Small and Medium Enterprises Division, WIPO
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WIPO’s Activities for SMEs
• Promote a more active and effective use of the IPR system by SMEs
• Strengthen the capacity of national governments to develop strategies, policies and programs to meet the intellectual property needs of SMEs
• Improve the capacity of relevant public, private and civil society institutions, such as business and i d t i ti t id IP l t d
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industry associations, to provide IP-related services to SMEs
• Provide comprehensive web-based information and basic advice on IP issues to SMEs support institutions worldwide
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Some Recent Studies of Interest
Benchmarking National and Regional Support Benchmarking National and Regional Support Services for SMEs on IPRs (EU27+); 2007
Support Services in the Field of IPRs for SMEs in Switzerland; A Review; 2008
Technology Transfer, IP and Effective University-Industry Partnerships: The Experience of China
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Industry Partnerships: The Experience of China, India, Japan, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore and Thailand; 2005
R&D / IP Creation
Dynamic Interactions between Research, Innovation & Enterprise
Innovation / Technology Commercialization
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New Venture Creation New Products from Existing Firms
Technology Utilization / Diffusion
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Rapid diffusion & effective exploitation of existing S&T important for Enterprises in early stages of industrial development, while capacity to create own IP become more
i i l i l
Dynamic Interactions among R, I and E
critical in later stages
High R&D investment need not lead to high innovation (defined as commercial exploitation of the knowledge/IP created through R&D)
Innovation pattern drives enterprise dynamism, which in turn influences the intensities and nature of future R&D and innovation pattern
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innovation pattern
Access to global technologies and talents can complement indigenous capability development
Two related perspectives on dynamic interactions:
– National Innovation System perspective
– Enterprise Ecosystem perspective
Need for a Holistic Approach
Sustainable R&D funding Sustainable R&D funding
Long term R&D strategies
Professional R&D management
Proactive communication efforts
T h l t f t t i
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Technology transfer strategies
Regional development in general
Market development
Tax, immigration and property rights laws
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University Teaching is Key What’s most important: Graduates are the most
important output of universities and thus their most i ib i h l fimportant contribution to technology transfer. There-fore, university teaching is key – also for the econo-mic development of a country and its regions.
Best faculty: If university teaching is key – hiring the best faculty is even more important.
i i i d b i i
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Entrepreneurship: Start-ups initiated by university graduates are more important for the economic tissue of a region than spin-offs of a university. Therefore, fostering entrepreneurship has to be part of standard curricula.
Including Technology Transfer in R&D
Explicit and comprehensive: Universities and research institutes should develop explicit technologyresearch institutes should develop explicit technology transfer strategies. Moreover, technology transfer has to be part of an overall R&D management.
Basic and applied science: One of the best ways to be successful in technology transfer is to link basic and applied science.
BIS-RTD
and applied science.
Technology transfer is a give and take! Integrating business partners and their specific needs already in the design of research projects facilitates the transfer of innovation.
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Demand Driven – Innovation Driven!
More than improvements: Demand driven R&D mostly improves existing technologies or processes.Innovation driven technology transfer has to be enhanced as well in order to achieve real innovation.
Seed money: Public money will be needed to support innovation driven technology transfer and proof of
j
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concept projects.
Matching responsibilities: Industrial partners should contribute financially. Matching funds are the most successful way to foster innovation driven technology transfer.
Specific Challenge: Addressing SME
Sustainable economic development: SME are key for a sustainable economic tissue of a region. Special attention therefore, has to be given to integrating SME in R&D networks.
Special care: SME usually don’t have the resources to tackle more than their daily business. Moreover, h d ’ h i h i ifi i
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they don’t have ties to the scientific community. Knowing their specific needs and offering concrete services therefore is decisive for successfully addressing SME.
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Technology Transfer: Some Best Practices
Regular institutionalized contacts of universities and Regular, institutionalized contacts of universities and industrial partners can build up mutual understanding.
Specific clubs of regional companies as “group of friends of the university” seem to be promising.
Joint projects of research institutes and industrial partners
Internships in the industry as part of standard university i l
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curricula
Industrial partners lecturing at the universities
Sabbaticals of university professors in the industry
Common situation in SMEs performance and innovation management capacity:
• Can an average entrepreneur be sure about managing the
business with high efficiency, min losses? NO!
• Does he/she use some dedicated IT tools to measure
business results and simulate major decisions? NO!
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• Can innovation, technology transfer and globalization
threats be managed effectively in such a case? NO!
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What are New Technology Based Instutional Forms (NTIFs)?
TechnopolesT h l kTechnology parks
Science/research parksScience citiesCenters of excellenceTechnology incubators
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Technology incubators Innovation centers…
Technology ParksRoles
Technological support to SMEs
Business linkages
Counseling services (financial, administrative, technical, legal, …)
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Technology transfer
Local development: catalyst for enterprises
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Technology incubatorsRoles
Overall economic development Overall economic development Development of entrepreneurial culture Promotion of SME productivity and
competitiveness Transforming research results to products and
services
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services Dissemination of technical skills Strengthening public-private cooperation and
effective utilization of capital
Paisley Innovation & Knowledge Transfer (PIKT)
A Scottish Executive SEEKIT Project
Objective
– Use the University knowledge and skill base to help SMEs overcome technical & change management challenges.
PIKT provides 3 key components of business support.
– Awareness
S i k h i it d i
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• Seminars, workshops, visits, advice.
– Assessment
• On-site experts to help define your key technology challenges and how to tackle them.
– Access
• University experts & funding to meet you business objectives.
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PIKT Project -Benefits
To the SME
– Gain new technical knowledge.
– Get help with development of new products.
– Access high-tech equipment.
– Access joint funds.
To the University
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– Generate and improve links between the University of Paisley and local SMEs.
– Improve commercial awareness of University staff.
– Develop future collaboration routes.
Promotion of Technology Transfergy fand Patent Licensing
- for SMEs -
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NCIPI: National Center for IndustrialProperty Information and Training
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What is NCIPI ?
NCIPI is an independent national administrative agency (Government agency).
Established in April 2001 (Separated from the Japan Patent Office)
Extended operations in October 2004
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Extended operations in October 2004
79 staff members
Mission of NCIPI
Industrial Property Gazettes Library
Consultation on industrial property p p ysystem
Training both for JPO staff and general public
Dissemination of patent information
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Dissemination of patent information (IPDL, etc.)
Promotion of technology transfer and patent licensing
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LargeLarge--scalescale2.4%
Need for TechNeed for Tech--TransferTransfer
YES (90 5%)
Background of NCIPI Measures for PromotingTechnology-Transfer & Patent Licensing
NO(7 7%)TechTech--Transfer ExperienceTransfer Experience
13.6%
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
LargeLarge--scale scale EnterprisesEnterprises
SMEsSMEs
NO OTHER
YES (90.5%)
YES (80.0%)
21
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
NO(7.7%)
OTHER
(Source: NCIPI Questionnaire Survey in 2000)
LargeLarge--scale scale EnterprisesEnterprises
SMEsSMEs
YES (88.7%)
YES (27.5%) NO (68.47%)
16 7%Financial Difficulty
Obstacles to Technology TransferObstacles to Technology Transfer
31.6%
41.3%
43.0%
46.4%
11.3%
16.7%Financial Difficulty
Lack of Knowledge to Conduct Tech-Transfer
Lack of Information on Tech-Transfer
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27.4%11.3%
0 20 40 60
(Source: NCIPI Questionnaire Survey in 2000)
LargeLarge--scale scale EnterprisesEnterprises
SMEsSMEsLack of Experts in Patent Licensing
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Promotion of Tech-Transfer (1)---- Patent Licensing Advisor ----
・Official specialists in technology transfer・Dispatched 110 advisors to prefectural governments
University, Research Institutes, Companies
SMEs, Venture Businesses
Matchmaker of Technology Transfer
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p p gand TLOs (October 2004)
・Nationwide network of advisors・Visit companies, universities and research institutes・Collect technological needs and licensable
technological seeds・Make a match of them
Promotion of Tech-Transfer (2)
-- Construction of Patent Licensing Database --
・Retrieve licensable patents of companies, universities and research institutes on the Internet.
・About 55,000 licensable patents (At the end of October, 2004) Patent
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( , )
・ Free-of-charge
Patent licensing
http://www.ryutu.ncipi.go.jp/en/db/index.html
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Patent Licensing DatabaseRegistering licensable patent information Registering licensable patent information into the Database and Offering it on the Internetinto the Database and Offering it on the Internet
PartiesPartieswho wantwho wantto discloseto discloselicensablelicensable
patentspatents
PartiesPartiesseekingseeking
licensablelicensablepatentspatents
Patent Licensing DBPatent Licensing DB
・・ patent licensing patent licensing informationinformation
・・ information oninformation onff
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demands fordemands fortechnologiestechnologiesCompanies, universitiesCompanies, universities
and research institutesand research institutesthat want to licensethat want to licensepatented technologiespatented technologies
Companies which Companies which want to use want to use licensable patents licensable patents
Patent Licensing DB’sSearch Screen
New functions added to the Patent Licensing DB
■ Introducing your licensable patent on your Website (Virtual DB function)
■ Developing own Patent Licensing DB not necessary
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(Your website directly connectedto the Patent Licensing DB)
■ NCIPI invites applications to register and place licensable patents on the DB
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Promotion of Tech-Transfer (3)
-- Charts for Supporting Patent Licensing --(P M )(Patent Maps)
・Numerous technical themes available for small and medium-sized enterprises.
・Analyze patent information and identify trends.・Introduce company patent information.
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p y p・Based on 2000-3000 patents applied for in the past 10 years.・Analyzed by experts on each technical theme.・High quality
<Only Japanese patents are available due to budget constraints.>
Technical Themes in 2003Technical Themes in 2003
Machines Using Ferments15Recognition of 3D Objects18
Light Metal Complex Material14Networked Electrical Appliances17
Technical ThemeChemistryTechnical ThemeElectricity
Improvement of Soil21Cogeneration System10
Magnesium Alloy20Networked Industrial System9
Use of Kichin & Kitosan19Technical ThemeMachinery
Syntheses of Solid Membrane on Metal Surface
18Sound Compression Technique21
Treatment and Use of Garbage17Remote Medical & Nursing System20
Biomass Energy 16LED for Lighting Facilities 19
Machines Using Ferments15Recognition of 3D Objects18
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Snow Melting Technique13
Mass Analyses12
Minus Ions Producers11
Barrier-free Houses10Easily-Removable Fixation System12
Technical ThemeGeneral TopicsNursing Bath Machine11
We have managed 67 themesWe have managed 67 themessince 2001!since 2001!
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220 33 10 97 21 24 40Composition
Example of Matrix Analysis in the Charts Example of Matrix Analysis in the Charts (Ex. Technique of the Treatment of Water Using Adsorption) (Ex. Technique of the Treatment of Water Using Adsorption)
63
107
73
33
104
60
81
22
14
9
12
79
27
127
21
19
50
13
30
44
46
9
5
44
11
85
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Change of Structure
Manufacturing Method
Treatment Method
Control Method
Position of Treatment
Using Other Methods
We show the number of We show the number of applications in a figure applications in a figure
with bubbles.with bubbles.
Solutions
Solutions
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Find new solutions.Find new solutions.ProblemsProblems
Improvem
ent of A
dsorption Ability
Long Term
Use of
Adsorption M
aterials
Use of P
roduction
Low
ering Expenses
Improvem
ent of Usage
Maintenance of the
Water Q
uality
Improvem
ent of S
trength of Adsorbents
Promotion of Tech-Transfer (4)
---- Patent Information Advisor ----
・Advises and gives lectures on searching and utilizing patentinformation
・Answers any questions concerning how to use the Industrial Property Digital Library (IPDL) and other patent information
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p y g y ( ) pservices(IPDL: http://www.ipdl.ncipi.go.jp/homepg_e.ipdl)
・Conducting search demonstrationsIPDL
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Patent Information AdvisorDispatch Service
What is a Patent
Information Advisor?
・46 Advisors are now dispatched to prefectural governments throughout Japan.
・Search advising services are provided as a part of prefectural programs
・ Advice provided on how to use the IPDL and other patent information services and on how to utilize patent information.
・ Instruction geared for each level, from basic to high level.
Providing consultation services Providing consultation services
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Tasks of aPatent
Information Advisor
gas resident advisors at the office
Providing on-siteconsultation and advice
Providing lectures at seminarsof prefectural governments
gvia the IPDL’s private lines
Providing in-house trainingservices to companies
Periodical instruction
Adviceprovided at no charge
Promotion of Tech-Transfer (5)
----Patent Licensing Business Information----Service on Patent Licensing Agents(Patent Licensing Agents Database)
・Gathers information submitted by agents who carry out patent licensing business.
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・Information about licensing agent operations provided.
・Available via the Internet for anyone to access.
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Number of Patent Licensing Agents Registered in NCIPI Website
26
46
5561
64
30
40
50
60
70
of
Regis
tere
d A
gents
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0
10
20
Num
ber
2000 2001 2002 2003 Oct. 2004
Year
Promotion of Tech-Transfer--- Other Services ---
1) Providing examples of licensable patentutilization on NCIPI website
2) Seminars for encouraging patent licensing(international and domestic)
3) Training programs for fostering
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) g p g gpatent licensing agents
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Results of Patent LicensingAdvisor’s Activities
40804000
4500
year
14781223
2701
13791500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
er
of
Contr
acts
y
total
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6 6 43 49 130 179409
588890
0
500
1000
Num
b
1 997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Fiscal Year
Results of Patent LicensingAdvisor’s Activities
120 200
140 ,000 1 ,500
120 ,200
46 200
572
772
1 ,073
60 ,000
80 ,000
100 ,000
120 ,000
co
no
mic
im
pac
tm
illi
on
ye
n)
5 00
700
900
1 ,100
1 ,300
al n
um
be
r o
fb
s c
reate
d
economic impact
employmenti
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14 ,200
46 ,200
1 ,500
25 ,800
202
41
0
20 ,000
40 ,000
'97- '99 '97- '00 '97- '01 '97- '02 '97- '03
year
tota
l e (m
- 100
100
300
500
tota jo
b
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Example A --From Large Company to Distant SME--
1) President of small press making company happens to find some hints in drawings from his customer.
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2)The key technology was patented to a major automobile company in Hiroshima prefecture.
3) The president consults a patent licensing advisor in Chiba
Example A --From Large Company to Distant SME--
gprefecture.
4) The advisor soon makes contact with another advisor who works where the automobile company is located.
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located.
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5) Two advisors join together to license the patent from the
Example A --From Large Company to Distant SME--
pautomobile company to the small press company. → Finally, the patent is successfully licensed.
NOTE:
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NOTE:Patent Licensing Advisors・Nationwide network・Trusted by both large and smallcompanies
Example B --From University to SME--
1) A small company comes to know of new microscopicknow of new microscopic technology at a university in Kyoto and contacts the TLO of the university.
2) The patent licensing advisor f th TLO i d t il d
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of the TLO gives detailed information to the company and coordinates discussion between the inventor and the company.
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Example B --From University to SME--
3) Then the patent licensing advisor arranges the evaluation ofa trial piece.
4) Finally, the company decides to license the technology after the evaluation.
NOTE
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NOTE:Patent Licensing Advisors・Dispatched to many university TLOs・Coordinate various matters fortechnology transfer
NCIPIURL: http://www.ncipi.go.jp/english
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Thank you for your attention!