Elements of Teaching & Learning
Teacher: prime mover of the educational wheel
Learners: key participants in the learning process
Conducive environment: provides essential features and ingredients that could make a headway in guiding the processes and methodologies needed for smooth linkage among the three.
How does each element contribute to learning?
Nature of the Learner
The learner is:embodied spirit
(sentient body & rational soul)
body & soul exist in mutual dependence
Cognitive Appetitive
5 senses (see, hear, feel, taste and smell)
instinctimagination (form
representations of objects)
memory (retain, recall & recognize past mental acts)
intellect (form concepts, judgment & reason out
feelings / emotion (pleasantness & unpleasantness; pain and joy)
rational will (guiding force in the learner's character as to what is good and desirable))
Fundamental Equipment of the Learner
1. Ability
dictates the prospects of success in purposeful activity
capacity to understand and assimilate information for own use and application
Ability to learn categories
- Fast- Average- Slow Mental ability- Superior- Above average- Below average
5 DISTINGUISHING ELEMENTS OF THE LEARNER
2. Aptitude
innate talent or giftnatural capacity to
learn certain skills
An early recognition of innate skills is indeed is compelling so as to not to waste such inborn learning.
5 DISTINGUISHING ELEMENTS OF THE LEARNER
3. Interests
Strong attraction or appeal to particular activities
Lessons that give them the chance to express their deep feelings for objects or actions will be more meaningful and easily absorbed.
5 DISTINGUISHING ELEMENTS OF THE LEARNER
4. Family / Cultural Background
Students who come from different socioeconomic background manifest a wide range of behavior due to differences in upbringing practices.
5 DISTINGUISHING ELEMENTS OF THE LEARNER
Some families are:-express their preference in self discipline while other left to passively follow home regulations
class participation are influenced by the home training & experiences (inactive or confident)
5. Attitudes Some attitudes
Individual’s perspective and disposition
Students have a unique way of thinking and reacting.
CuriosityResponsibilityCreativitypersistence
5 DISTINGUISHING ELEMENTS OF THE LEARNER
Learning/Thinking Styles
Refers to preferred way an individual processes information
Mode of thinking, remembering, problem solving
Sensory Preferences
HEARMust hear verbal
lectures, discussions, talking
things through, listen to what
others have to say
Auditory Learners
Sensory Preferences
DOHands-on approach,
exploration, learning by
doing
Tactile/ Kinesthetic Learners
Global-Analytic Continuum
LINEAR
Step-by-step processes of learning, see finite elements,
tree seers, comfortable with
details and hierarchies of information
AnalyticLeft-Brain
Global-Analytic Continuum
NON-LINEAR
See whole pattern, forest
seers, give attention to the
over-all structure
GlobalRight-Brain
LEFT BRAIN (Analytic)
• Successive Hemisphere Style
• Verbal• Responds to word
meaning• Sequential• Processes information
linearly• Responds to logic• Plans ahead• Recalls people’s names• Speaks with few gestures• Punctual• Prefers formal study
design• Prefers bright lights while
studying
RIGHT BRAIN (Global)
• Simultaneous Hemisphere Style
• Visual• Responds to tone of voice• Random• Processes information in
varied order• Responds to emotion• Impulsive• Recalls people’s faces• Gestures when speaking• Less punctual• Prefers sound/music
background while studying
• Prefers frequent mobility while studying
INTELL IGENCE – ABIL ITY OR SET OF ABIL IT IES THAT ALLOWS A PERSON TO
SOLVE A PROBLEM OR FASHION A PRODUCT THAT IS VALUED IN ONE OR MORE
CULTURES
Multiple Intelligences
Howard GardnerFrames of Mind
Multiple Intelligences
Picture Smart
Learning visually, organizing ideas
spatially, see concepts in action, see things in one’s mind to create a
product or solve a problem
Visual/ Spatial
Multiple Intelligences
Number/Logic Smart
Learning through
reasoning and problem
solving
Mathematical/ Logical
Multiple Intelligences
Body Smart
Learning through
interaction with one’s
environment“concrete experiences”
Bodily/ Kinesthetic
Multiple Intelligences
Music Smart
Learning through patterns, rhythms
and music, identification of patterns through
all the senses
Musical
Multiple Intelligences
People Smart
Learning through interaction with
others, promotes collaboration and
working cooperatively
Interpersonal
Multiple Intelligences
Nature Smart
Learning through classification,
categories and hierarchies, picks
up on subtle differences in
meaning
Naturalist
Multiple Intelligences
Use questions of all types to stimulate various levels of thinking
Provide a general overview of material to be learned
Allow sufficient time for information to be processed and the integrate
Set clear purposes before listening, viewing, or reading experience
Multiple Intelligences
Warm up before the lesson development by using brainstorming
Use multisensory means for both processing and retrieving information
Use variety of review and reflection strategies to bring closure to learning
Use descriptive feedback rather than simply praising
Learning/Thinking Styles
Sensing-Thinking
(Mastery Style)
Sensing-Feeling
(Interpersonal Style)
Intuitive-Thinking
(Understanding Style)
Intuitive-Feeling (Self-Expressive
Style)
Sensing
Thinking Feeling
Intuition
“THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHER IS THE “LICENSED PROFESSIONAL WHO
POSSESSES DIGNITY AND REPUTATION WITH HIGH MORAL VALUES AS WELL AS
TECHNICAL AND PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE… HE/SHE ADHERES TO OBSERVES AND PRACTICES A SET OF
ETHICAL AND MORAL PRINCIPLES, STANDARDS AND VALUES.” (CODE OF
ETHICS OF PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS, 1997)
THE TEACHER
Professional Attributes
A professional teacher perceives himself/herself as someone who can effect change or learning (sense of efficacy) because she/he is an expert in what she/he teaches (subject matter knowledge) and in how she/he teaches (pedagogical knowledge)
Professional teacher possesses the following attributes:
Control of the knowledge base of teaching and learning and use of this knowledge to guide the science and art of his/her teaching practice.
Repertoire of best teaching practice and can use these to instruct children in classrooms and to work with adults in the school setting.
Dispositions and skills to approach all aspects of his/her work in a reflective, collegial, and problem-solving manner
View of learning to teach as a lifelong process and dispositions and skills for working towards improving his/her own teaching as well as improving schools
Personal Attributes
Personality is the sum of one’s personal characteristics.
It is one’s identity
Personality:-weak-dynamic
Teacher’s personality must be natural and genuine, that is, devoid of pretenses and artificiality. They must be consistent, true and authentic.
Some Outstanding Personal Qualities
1. Passion: compelling force that emerges from one’s inborn love for children.
2. Humor: stands for anything funny, which elicits a smile laughter or amusing reaction.
3. Values & Attitude:-Teachers are models of values.-Values connote standards, code of ethics and strong beliefs.
*open-mindedness*fairness*sincerity & honesty*professionalism
Some Outstanding Personal Qualities
4. Patience:Refers to teacher’s uncomplaining nature, self-control and persistence.
5. Enthusiasm:It is synonymous to eagerness and excitement.
To facilitate learning, teacher must:
be expert in his/her subject and skilled in the science and art of teaching;
Have a pleasing personality and a model of values
Have passion for teaching, sense of humor, patience and enthusiasm
THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT IS THE PLACE
WHERE TEACHING AND LEARNING CAN TAKE PLACE
IN THE MOST EFFECTIVE AND PRODUCTIVE MANNER.
The Learning Environment
The Classroom
Arrangement of Furniture
Physical condition of the classroom
Classroom proceedings
Interactions
Facilitative Learning Environment
It is an environment which:encourages people to be
activePromotes and facilitates the
individual’s discovery of the personal meaning of idea.
emphasizes the uniquely personal and subjective nature of learning
difference is good and desirable
people feel they are respected
People feel they are accepted
Permits confrontation
consistently recognizes people’s right to make mistakes
tolerates ambiguityevaluation is a
cooperative process with emphasis on self-evaluation
encourages openness of self rather than concealment of self
people are encouraged to trust in themselves as well as in external sources
Learning Environment
The learning environment consists of the physical, as well as the psychological environment, that surrounds the learner and that influences his/her learning.
A physical environment that is clean, orderly, well-ventilated, well-lighted, spacious that allow movements, and free from unnecessary distractors is conducive to learning
A non-threatening classroom atmosphere where people feel they are respected and accepted and for what they say and do is conducive atmosphere for learning.