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TB PATIENT EDUCATION
CHART 5
IS IT POSSIBLE TO CURETB?
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5 67 8
MONTHS
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CHART 1
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF TB
Common symptoms of TB are:
1. a cough for more than 2 weeks
2. loss of appetite
3. tiredness
4. chest pain
5. fever
6. night sweats
7. weight loss
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF TB
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CHART 1
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF TB
BRRR
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CHART 2
HOW IS TB TRANSMITTED?
TB bacteria are spread from an infectious person
to other people through the air.
This happens when a person with infectious TB
coughs, sneezes, talks or spits. The TB bacteria
fly through the air and are breathed in by another
person who is close by.
This happens usually in a closed space with not
much ventilation or sunlight, such as a closed
house or room, on the train or on the bus for
example.
HOW IS TB TRANSMITTED?
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CHART 2
HOW IS TB TRANSMITTED?
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CHART 3
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TB AND HIV
Some people might have the bacilli in their bodies and yet not be sick.This is because their immune
systems are strong and they keep the TB bacteria under control. It is like the immune system makes
the TB bacteria go to sleep so they don't cause any disease.
But sometimes people's immune systems get weak and the TB bacteria wake up and then cause
the TB disease with the symptoms we mentioned before.
This could be for many reasons such as poor nutrition, overcrowded living conditions or smoking;
and could happen many years after the TB first got inside their body.
As you know, the HIV virus attacks and weakens the body's immune system. Therefore, in a personliving with HIV, it is more likely they will get TB disease.
That is; having HIV increases your risk of getting TB disease and it can happen at any CD4 count.
In fact TB is one of the most common opportunistic infections amongst people living with HIV/AIDS.
Note that, as with other infections, having TB makes the immune system weaker, which makes the
CD4 count go down.
It is important you continue taking the ARV medicines to keep the HIV virus under control and your
immune system strong.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TB AND HIV
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CHART 3
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TB AND HIV
HIV POSITIVE
HIV NEGATIVE
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CHART 4
WHY DOES TB TAKE SO LONG TO BE TREATED?
There are at least two places where bacilli live in your lungs:
1. There are bacilli that are replicating very quickly in the upper parts of your lungs, becausethe oxygen level is higher here and it helps the bacilli to grow (TB survives with the air).
They are the first to be killed by the medicines and it is likely that you feel a lot better after
1 or 2 months because they are causing the symptoms.
At this stage you may think you are cured from TB and maybe you want to stop the drug
intake or leave it a few days out.
DO NOT STOP because you are risking your life by stopping the treatment at this stage
since you are not cured yet.
2. There are other bacilli hiding deeper in the lung tissues or other affected tissues. These
are the most difficult to kill and they need drugs for a longer period of time.
Thats why the duration of treatment is so long.
WHY DOES TB TAKE SO LONG TO BE TREATED?
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CHART 4
WHY DOES TB TAKE SO LONG TO BE TREATED?
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CHART 5
IS IT POSSIBLE TO CURE TB?
TB can be cured 100%. The treatment usually consists of 4 or 5 medicines which
must be taken over a long period of time. The minimum period is 6 months.
The treatment can only be effective if you take all your drugs, every day, for a
minimum of 6 months
If you stop to take the drugs before the treatment is finished, or you interrupt it:
a) The bacilli will multiply again and you will get sick again
b) You might spread TB to others
c) You could die
d) You can develop a resistant type of TB, which is difficult to treat, very long
and has more side effects.
IS IT POSSIBLE TO CURE TB?
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CHART 5
IS IT POSSIBLE TO CURE TB?
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CHART 6
SIDE EFFECTS
The TB medicines can cause some side effects such as: Nausea and vomiting, orange
discoloration of urine and other body fluids.
This is normal and you shouldn't worry too much. Discuss these with your doctor/ nurse and
they can help you to deal with these side effects. Never stop taking your medicines unless your
doctor tells you to!
Go to the clinic immediately (within one week) if you have any serious side effects such as:
- Vomiting or diarrhea for more than 4 times in 1 day
- Severe abdominal pain
- Yellow skin or eyes
- Skin rash
- Loss of sensation (peripheral neuropathy)
- Poor vision (loss of sight)
Never stop taking your medicines unless your doctor tells you to!
SIDE EFFECTS
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CHART 6
SIDE EFFECTS
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CHART 7
MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT TB
If you skip doses of your TB medicines, stop taking them for a while and start again, or stop
taking them before your doctor tells you to stop then they might stop working. The amount of
the medicine in your blood will go down.
Then the TB medicine cannot kill the TB bacteria. The TB bacteria can become stronger and
more dangerous. This more dangerous type of TB bacteria is called "Drug Resistant TB or
Multi-Drug Resistant TB". This means that 1 or more of the TB medicines (remember you are
taking 4 different medicines in the same pill) will no longer work.
This is extremely serious as this type of TB is very difficult and expensive to treat. You can
also get MDR TB from the start if you get it from another person. You can then spread this
dangerous type of TB to your loved ones.
MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT TB
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CHART 7
MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT TB
NOTTAKEN
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CHART 8
TREATMENT PLAN
The Rx you are starting is called DOT. This means that if you live close by, youll be coming to the hospital every day. If not, a VHW that the EHT
will mention to you will support you regularly throughout your Rx. When you first start TB treatment, you will need to come after 2 weeks to get
your medicines from the nurse. This is done so we can check how you are doing, whether you are having any reactions to the medicines or not.
You are also free to ask questions. After that you will only need to come every month to receive your medicines, be checked by the doctor and to
see the counselor if you wish.
Duration of Rx: 6 months minimum, depending on the type of TB and the evolution of your Rx.
M1 and M2: You will be given 4 different drugs combined in 1 tablet (2-5 per day, depending on weight). They have to be taken all on an
empty stomach. If not, drug efficacy might be reduced by half. This is called intensive phase of the treatment.
Last 4 months: You will get 2 different drugs combined in 1 tablet (2-5 day) They also have to be taken all on an empty stomach. This is called
continuation phase.
For those smear negative and EP forms, they continue another 4 months, taking 1 pill that combines 2 types of drugs.
After 6 months*: If you have TB in your lungs, your doctor will repeat the sputum exam at the end of your treatment (after 6 months) if you were sputum
positive before starting treatment. If you are sputum negative your treatment is finished.
For TB in the lungs that was sputum negative and TB infection of other sites in the body, the doctor will assess your symptoms and
decide if you can finish your treatment.
If the doctor says your treatment is finished this means your TB disease has been cured.
However, dont forget that some of the TB bacteria might have hidden from the medicines and could still be in your body sleeping.
Therefore there is always the risk that they could wake up and cause the TB disease again, especially if your CD4 count remains low.
The doctor will do regular tests (sputum, X-rays) to see how your treatment is going.
Many people feel that they want to stop their treatment during the 6 months. This is normal. But remember that in order for you to be cured you
need to take all your drugs, every day, for the full course of the treatment.
* For patients who have been treated against TB in the past (category II patients) you should explain: If you have been treated for TB in the past, your treatment will last
8 months and will require daily injections for a period of 2 months. :
TREATMENT PLAN
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CHART 8
TREATMENT PLAN
TBTREATMENTCARD
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CHART 9
SUPPORTING YOUR TREATMENT AND WELL-BEING
It is important that you lead a healthy lifestyle so that you can get strong enough to help themedicines kill the germs that cause TB.
Try to eat well. Eat at least 3 meals a day and eat a wide variety of foods from the different food
groups.
Take time to relax and do the things you enjoy.
Get plenty of sleep.
Have good hygiene practices. Always wash your hands after using the toilet and before eating
or preparing food.
Avoid smoking and alcohol. This will only make your TB disease worse. Avoid alcohol. It weakens
your immune system.
SUPPORTING YOUR TREATMENT AND WELL-BEING
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CHART 9
SUPPORTING YOUR TREATMENT AND WELL-BEING
NODRIN
KINGBEER
NOSM
OKING
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CHART 10
INFECTION CONTROL
All patients, regardless of being infectious or not, should practice the following precautions:
Practice cough hygiene: When coughing or sneezing, use a handkerchief or cough in
your lower arm.
Do not spit except in a sputum container, especially where children are around
Ventilate your room as often as possible by opening the windows
Go outside as often as you can.
Remember that the TB Bacillus lives in the air and the more you go outside or refresh the air
in your room the less chance there is that the bacilli can be inhaled.
Remember!
Take a forgotten dose as soon as possible, even if it means that 2 doses will be close from
one another
In case of vomiting, take the tablets again if vomiting happened less than half an hour after.
The clinic/hospital staff is here to help you! Dont hesitate to come to us for any question
or concern you have regarding your treatment.
INFECTION CONTROL
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CHART 10
INFECTION CONTROL
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Z IMBABWE
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Z IMBABWE
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CAR
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HEALTHY NA
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MIN
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FHEALTH & C
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