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CONFUCIOUS
551 BC
MO TZU
441 BC
LAO TZU
400 BC
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CONFUCIANISM TAOISM
PROPONENT Confucius Lao Tzu
PERIOD 551 BC 400 BCCENTRAL
IDEAFocus is on man Focus is on nature
VIEW ON
LIFE
Man can reach his
desired end through
his own ability andpower.
The laws of nature are
all-powerful and
existed before man.
It is eternal and un-
changeable.
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CONFUCIANISM TAOISM
VIEW ON
NATURE
Ming: the forces of
the universe are so
strong that man has
no control over it.
People have to takecare of the natural
world, to become part
of nature. Their bodies
and hearts should
belong to nature.
VIEW ON
DUTY
Emphasis is on social
responsibility of man
Emphasis is on what is
natural and
spontaneous in man
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CONFUCIANISM TAOISM
VIEW ON
SOCIAL
PROGRESS
Man has to have anactive part in
developing social
structures for
progress.
Man has to preserve
nature and go with the
flow. Taoism is opposed
to advanced civilization
through forcefulactions of man.
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CONFUCIANISM TAOISM
ADVICE FOR
A GOOD LIFE
A good life is a life
with virtue. Virtue
is acquired throughknowledge and
learning. The more
knowledge man
has, the closer he isto a good life.
No knowledge, no
worries, nothing to waitfor, nothing to be
worried about. This is
the natural condition of
happiness. It is not
necessary to be perfect
or complete. But no
social condition couldlimit our efforts to be
happy, we can lose
anything in society, but
still be happy.
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Confucianism yi(knowledge)
tao (the Way)Taoism
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The wise are not learned;the learned are not wise.
The scholarly intellect
cannot understand thetao because he is
restricted by his own
learning.
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He who knows others is wise.
He who knows himself is enlightened.
- Lao Tzu
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"The goal has to be right for us, and it has to
be beneficial. But more than the goal, it isthe process that is important.
Enjoyment of the process is the secret thaterases the myths of the Great Reward and
Saving Time. By enjoying the process, we
can stretch that awareness out so that it'sno longer only a moment, but covers the
whole thing.
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The approach:
1.Action through inaction* Taoism placed emphasis on
spontaneity.
* Avoid explicit intentions and
strong will and proactively
follow the Tao, to be moreproductive.
* To counter the Tao would
upset the balance.
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The approach:
2. Uselessness is usefulness
* Taoism has respect for
individual differences.
* Each one has to berespected and valued from
natures point of view.
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The approach:
3. Doing nothing(vs doing for nothing)
* Manage change with the
strategy of doing nothing.
* This strategy assures innerstability in man. No need to
fret.
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The TAOIST RULER rule:
Manage a great nation as you
would cook a delicate fish.To govern men in accord with
nature, it is best to be restrained.
When government is lazy andinformal, the people are kind and
honest; when government is
efficient and severe, the people
are discontented and deceitful.
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For Taoism, rulers should do
nothing for their people. If rulers
take no action, and the people
nurture each other; make no laws,
and the people deal fairly with
each other. Own no interest, and
the people cooperate with each
other. Express no desire, and thepeople harmonize with each
other.
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The most important matter is
individual freedom.
The more morals and taboos
there are, the more crueltyafflicts people.
People are advised to follow the
laws of nature and to avoid
societal norms.
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Taoism asks people not
to be concerned aboutmatters of birth and
death. It is better
to forget the truth ofthe real conditions of
life, and the truth of
the human condition.
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UNDP - MDG 5
(improve maternal health)
in the light of TAOISM
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TARGET for MDG5:
1. reduce by three quarters (75%)
the maternal mortality ratio
* Maternal mortality ratio
* Proportion of births attended byskilled health personnel
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TARGET for MDG5:
2. Achieve, by 2015, universal
access to reproductive health
* Contraceptive prevalence rate
* Adolescent birth rate
* Antenatal care coverage
* Unmet need for family planning
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Pace of progress of the Philippines in terms of attaining the target
Targets and Indicators Pace of
progress
Probability of
attaining the target
Reduce by three quarters,
between 1990 to 2015, the
maternal mortality ratio
Maternal mortality ratio
0.47 low
Achieve, by 2015, universal
access to reproductive health
Contraceptive prevalence rate
0.27 low
Based on the 2010 Philippines Progress report on the
Millennium Developments Goals (MDGs)
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Targets and IndicatorsPace of
progress
Probability of
attaining the
target
Reduce by three quarters,
between 1990 to 2015, the
maternal mortality ratio
Maternal mortality ratio
0.47 low
MMR is defined as the number of maternal deaths per
100,000 live births. The indicator on maternal health status
is disturbing. Based on data from the 1993 and 1998
National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), MMR
went down to 172 deaths from a 1993 baseline figure of
209 deaths. In 2006, it declined to only 162 deaths.
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Targets and IndicatorsPace of
progress
Probability of
attaining the
target
Reduce by three quarters,
between 1990 to 2015, the
maternal mortality ratio
Maternal mortality ratio
0.47 low
The target reduction in MMR is 52 deaths per
100,00 live births in 2015. In view of the fact that
the decline has slowed down considerably andappears to have stalled, this goal has been
identified as the least likely to be achieved for the
Philippines.
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Out of three (3) million pregnancies
every year:
A. 1.5 M were unplanned
* 5M end in abortions
B. Induced abortion was the fourth
leading cause of maternal deaths.
* 17% are young women
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C. More than 50% of births occur at home
* 1/3 were assisted by traditional birthattendants
D. 75% of the poorest quintile: no accessto skilled birth attendants
There is a need to improve prenatal and
postnatal services and special competencies
of SBAs to reduce neonatal mortality.
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Targets and Indicators Pace of
progress
Probability of
attaining the target
Achieve, by 2015, universalaccess to reproductive health
Contraceptive prevalence rate
0.27 low
Universal access to sexual and reproductive
health education, information, and services
improves health, saves lives and reduces
poverty. The slow decline in MMR may betraced to inadequate access to integrated
reproductive health services by women,
including poor adolescents and men.
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The countrys total fertility rate (TFR)based on the 2006 report was 3.2 births
per woman. This is a slight decline from
the 2003 TFR of 3.5 children per woman.
Among the regions, Region 4-B posted
the highest TFR (4.1), while NCR, thelowest.
A.
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On the contraceptive prevalence rate
(CPR), the percentage of currently
married women ages 15-49 years using
contraceptives slightly changed from 49%in 2001 to 50.6% in 2006.
* Central Luzon: 58.9 %
* Cagayan Valley: 58.6%* Southern Mindanao: 57.2%
* ARMM: 20%
B.
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The unmet need for family planning
was 15.7% in 2006, showing a decline
from the 1998 figure of 19.8%.* ARMM: 29.7%
* Cagayan Valley: 9.7%
C.
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Therefore, there is the need to
actively promote family planning andresponsible parenthood most
especially, for low-income households.
Without access to FP techniques, the
actual number of children of poor
families generally exceeds desiredfamily size.
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Taoism recommends that we take care of our
bodies and live healthily.
At the societal level there is also
evidence that concern for health
adds to happiness:
the greater the share of the
national income invested in health
care, the happier citizens are on anaverage. Average happiness is
higher in nations where people feel
most healthy and live longest.
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Taoism is not a tolerant philosophy. It
stresses freedom, but this freedomdoes not include the freedom of
choice.
Taoism agrees with Confucianism onthe importance of reflection. Both
philosophies want people to care
about their real lives. But Taoism takesa very different route to achieve this
aim: it does not stress the importance
of the rule of law.
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Taoism only cares about the natural
condition of a good life. The ideal
society is a native society.
Morality is considered to be the
distortion of peoples natural and
native life, and will only decrease
happiness.
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Taoism is a negative philosophy of
social life, but a positive philosophy of
natural life.
Taoism is pessimistic: happiness is
possible, but only if you are wise
enough to realize that you can do littleabout it. The good life can be reached
if you cease to try to make things
better for yourself.
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A simple life is the best life.
Taoism argues against the
development of wisdom in
people. For Taoism, children
are the happiest and most
healthy human beings.
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If one does not see desirablethings, ones mind would not
be disturbed.
People have to resist seduction,temptation and interferences
from the social and political
world.
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To know the Way,
We go the Way;
We do the Way
The way we do
The things we do.
It's all there in front of you,
But if you try too hard to see it,
You'll only become confused.
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I am me,
And you are you,
As you can see.
But when you do
The things that you can do,
You will find the Way,
And the Way will follow you. Benjamin Hoff, The Tao of Pooh
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ADVICE FOR A GOOD LIFE
Confucianism: Be involved in real life.
Classic Taoist: Follow the Tao instead of being a
social conformist and bookish.
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