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Lessons from ICRISAT Village-Level Studies for Livelihoods
R PadmajaSociologist, ICRISATTaking A Systems Approach
1Slater, 2008
The sustainable Livelihoods FrameworkSLF- identifies peoples strengths rather than their needs people are actors who have assets, capabilities and use them to pursue their own livelihood goals2A sustainable livelihoods framework for SAT agriculture
Source: Rao et.al, 2005ICRISAT Village-level Studies
KanzaraAurepalleSource: ICRISAT-VDSA Project, 2011Dokur
4Cropping patterns changed substantially
5Changes in Cropping Pattern - Aurepalle From castor and cereals to cotton
Source: Bantilan and Deb, 2011Changes in Cropping Pattern - Dokur Paddy major crop, castor and pulses new cropsSorghum declined
Source: Bantilan and Deb, 2011Changes in Cropping Pattern - Kanzara Sorghum declined, groundnut not grown anymoreCotton dominated until 2006, Soybean replaced cotton
Source: Bantilan and Deb, 2011Sources of IncomeSources of per capita Real Income (Rs 2009/10 equivalent): 1975 -2010Dokur (1975-1984) Dokur (2001-2010)
Kanzara (1975-1984) Kanzara (2001-2010) Source: Bantilan and Deb, 2011
10ImplicationsAccess to irrigation investments in borewells (Aurepalle) Diversification in agriculture
Crop productivity has increased with the adoption of improved technologies
Diversification of income sources and cropping pattern.
Time allocation patterns of women and men have changed - Source: Alison, 2011
12Rise in income inequality13Inequality in IncomeTrends in per capita Income (Rs. 2009-10 equivalents) and inequality in income: 1975 -2010Dokur (1975-2010) Aurepalle (1975-2010)
Kinkheda (1975-2010) Kanzara (1975-2010) Kalman(1975-2010) Shirapur (1975-2010)
Trends in asset ownership by farmsize, 2009-10 Rs equivalent: 1975-2009-10Source: Padmaja, 2012Severity of Poverty Severity of poverty decreased substantially in early 2000s than in 1975-1984
Severity of poverty increased in Dokur, Shirapur and Kinkheda in recent yearsTrends in severity in poverty (Squared Poverty Gap): 1975 -2010
Importance of formal and informal social networks17
Total number of ties by households, by transaction type, DokurSource: Padmaja, 2012The focal points in this process are the early adopters and innovators, neighbouring farmers and input dealers Location, knowledge and information - key for decision making- Kanzara
Source: Padmaja, 201119Sources of information by gender, Aurepalle
Source: Padmaja, 201120Drivers of Change access to irrigation facilitiesadoption of modern technologybetter road connectivity and market linkageseducated workforce diversity in economic activities and livelihood opportunitiesDrivers of Change Main engine for development in different villagesAurepalle: diversification of ag. and growth of non-farm activityDokur: migration income Kanzara: intensification of agriculture and technology adoptionKinkheda: increase in farm productivity Shirapur: diversification of crop production and economic activities (including industries) Kalman: diversification of farm and non-farm activities Amongst these villages, development in Kinkheda was relatively less due to lack of social capital and collective action.
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