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System Challenges for System Challenges for Pervasive and Ubiquitous Pervasive and Ubiquitous
ComputingComputing
Roy WantRoy WantIntel ResearchIntel Research
1818thth May 2005, ICSEMay 2005, ICSE’’05 St. Louis05 St. Louis
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What is Ubiquitous Computing?What is Ubiquitous Computing?
““ The most profound technologies are those that The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it.indistinguishable from it.””
Mark Weiser, Scientific American, Sept 1991 Mark Weiser, Scientific American, Sept 1991
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TongueTongue--inin--cheekcheekUbicompUbicomp After Consulting with the bathroom
scales and the mirror, I cannot openthe door right now!
Dave, I’m sorry, but after consulting with the bathroom scales and the mirror, I can’t open the door right now!
Smart Appliances?Smart Appliances?
This is probably not This is probably not the Ubicomp world the Ubicomp world that we want to live in.that we want to live in.
We need to createWe need to createsignificant valuesignificant value--add add to be successful.to be successful.
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Ubicomp covers a lot of ground... Ubicomp covers a lot of ground...
Smart EnvironmentsSmart EnvironmentsLocation Systems & ContextLocation Systems & ContextRadio Designs & Wireless Protocols Radio Designs & Wireless Protocols LowLow--Power DesignPower DesignSensor NetworksSensor NetworksElectronic Tagging (RFID & optical)Electronic Tagging (RFID & optical)Image RecognitionImage RecognitionMobile ApplicationsMobile Applications…….. and many others.. and many others
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Underlying Driving TrendsUnderlying Driving Trends
1.1. Computationally Powerful ProcessorsComputationally Powerful Processors2.2. HighHigh--Density StorageDensity Storage3.3. Wireless Communication (standards)Wireless Communication (standards)
PLUSPLUS
Miniaturization & Low PowerMiniaturization & Low Power
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Storage TrendsStorage TrendsHitachi (vertical bits)
2005
MAGICLINE
1GB: = 1000 high quality photos, 250 MP3 songs, 1 MPEG4 Movie
Significant Storage for Daily Needs in 1 sq. inch
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Cell Phone Shipments: Cell Phone Shipments: Ubiquitous Computing in ActionUbiquitous Computing in Action
The Mobile Phone platform is an Opportunity for Ubiquitous Computing Research
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Top ChallengesTop Challenges
Usability issues for Small Mobile DevicesUsability issues for Small Mobile Devices
Fast Wireless Discovery and ConnectivityFast Wireless Discovery and Connectivity
Secure Wireless InteractionSecure Wireless Interaction
Comprehensive Power ManagementComprehensive Power Management
UI AdaptationUI Adaptation
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Usability Issues for MobilityUsability Issues for Mobility
PDA: Too smallfor real work
NOTEBOOK: Too large and heavy
for anywhere use
OPPORTUNITY!
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Wireless Projection Wireless Projection –– Using Local Infrastructure Using Local Infrastructure to Interact with Mobile Devicesto Interact with Mobile Devices
My mobileweb page
SERVER CLIENT
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FILE VIEWER
IEXPLORER
CELL PHONE ACCESS COMPUTER (e.g Desktop PC)
TCP/IP Connectivity
UPNP DESC
WEB SERVER [Apache]
FILE SERVER [Samba]
UPnP
BLUETOOTH
WINDOWS OS
PAN PROFILE
RADIO
LINUX OSUPnP
BLUETOOTH
PAN PROFILE
RADIO
HTTP
Wireless Baseband
UPnPSETUP UPnP
SETUP
Cell Phones could become yourFuture Personal Computer
QUICKTIMESTREAMING SERVER[Darwin]
RTSP
TUPLED Neighborhood Manager (NM)
RPC
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Personal Media Server:Personal Media Server:video & audio streaming from a cell phonevideo & audio streaming from a cell phone
PHONE MANAGERList cell phones
in the locality
Documents: access from a
Mobile Web Page
Wireless DriveLetter
Streaming MediaApplication e.g
A video plays in a new window
Phones Nearby Indication
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Resulting Challenges Resulting Challenges
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UI Barriers Overcome, but UI Barriers Overcome, but ……Challenge for P2P dataChallenge for P2P data--sharingsharing
Drag-and-Drop files/media betweencell-phones, by dragging iconson a larger screen (e.g. a PC)
Need to push towards DRM implementations that work for users and content providers
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Challenges for Wireless Discovery Challenges for Wireless Discovery & Pairing& Pairing
Short range physical security ensures that only the camera-phone can capture the information
MAC ADDRESS & PIN (128 bit)
Camera Captures Optical Tag
Paired
One solution
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Security ChallengesSecurity Challenges
The Problem
If you use a password to access your mobile device using the un-trusted infrastructure, your password will be at risk from key-catchers
Best Solution?Challenge/Response: Photographic Authentication/Greeking
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Processing vs. Communication IssuesProcessing vs. Communication Issues
10x10x for wireless power for wireless power and bandwidth, greater and bandwidth, greater range than processor range than processor powerpowerTraditional Frequency Traditional Frequency Scaling and DVM are Scaling and DVM are often less important often less important than managing than managing wireless peripheralswireless peripherals0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
PXA255 @400 MHz
PXA255 @300 MHz
PXA255 @200 MHz
BluetoothTransmit
Wi-FiTransmit
Pow
er (m
W)
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Power Management with Hierarchical Power Management with Hierarchical Radios (HR)Radios (HR)
Trading-off Power and Bandwidth– Coordinating the use of Bluetooth and WiFi (and Mote/Zigbee)– Use the discovery mechanism of the small radio to turn on the larger– Low-power quiescent mode using Bluetooth– High-bandwidth transfer using WiFi– …use the best aspect of each technology
TradingTrading--off Power and Bandwidthoff Power and Bandwidth–– Coordinating the use of Bluetooth and WiFi (and Mote/Coordinating the use of Bluetooth and WiFi (and Mote/ZigbeeZigbee))–– Use the discovery mechanism of the small radio to turn on the laUse the discovery mechanism of the small radio to turn on the largerrger–– LowLow--power quiescent mode using Bluetoothpower quiescent mode using Bluetooth–– HighHigh--bandwidth transfer using WiFibandwidth transfer using WiFi–– ……use the best aspect of each technologyuse the best aspect of each technology
802.11b Bluetooth Mote
Power Hungry Radio High Bandwidth
RFID
Low Power Wireless Very Low Bandwidth
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HR: Policy ChallengesHR: Policy Challenges
Application Integration:Application Integration:–– Manual selection of Manual selection of
wireless interface via UIwireless interface via UI–– Automatic selection for Automatic selection for
highhigh--resres, low, low--res, or res, or automatic selection of automatic selection of video formatvideo format
–– What policies should we What policies should we be using to make HR be using to make HR transitions? What do the transitions? What do the APIs look like to deal with APIs look like to deal with mobile resources?mobile resources?
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Need for Adaptive UIsNeed for Adaptive UIs
Jeff NicholsJeff Nichols’’ work at CMU is an important contributionwork at CMU is an important contributionApplications run on the Cell PhoneApplications run on the Cell Phone
–– Each has an abstract specification of its display functionsEach has an abstract specification of its display functionsAutomatic user interface generators run on displaysAutomatic user interface generators run on displays
–– e.g. Large displays, handhelds, mobile phones, speeche.g. Large displays, handhelds, mobile phones, speech–– User interfaces are customized to the form factor and I/O capabiUser interfaces are customized to the form factor and I/O capabilities of displaylities of display
Continuous twoContinuous two--way communication between PS and display enables same way communication between PS and display enables same interactivity as todayinteractivity as today’’s desktop applicationss desktop applications
–– More interactive than webMore interactive than web--based UIsbased UIs
How do we develop standards and toolkits that provide this capaHow do we develop standards and toolkits that provide this capability for mobilitybility for mobility
Specifications
Control
Feedback
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SummarySummary
Cell Phones present one of the biggest Cell Phones present one of the biggest opportunities to buildopportunities to build--out the Ubiquitous out the Ubiquitous Computing visionComputing vision
There are many new usage models made There are many new usage models made possible by ubiquitous personal computingpossible by ubiquitous personal computing
Following through, these usage models provide Following through, these usage models provide us with a new set of system challenges and us with a new set of system challenges and prioritiespriorities
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Thank You!Thank You!
Q & AQ & A