System And Application Software
Computer Skills
Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6 1
Chapter Six
Objectives Overview
Define system software and identify
the two types of system software
Understand Application software
Define Programming Languages
Understand Database Management
Systems
Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-System Software 2
Software
• Software is Computer programs and associated documentation.
• Software products may be developed for a particular customer (aka Customized Software) or may be developed for a general market (aka Generic Software).
Computer Skills: Chapter 6 3
Software Types
Computer Skills: Chapter 6 4
System Software
• System software consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices.
Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-System Software 5
Operating systems
Utility Programs
Operating Systems
• An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources
Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-System Software 6
Start and shut down a
computer
Provide a user interface
Manage programs
Manage memory
Coordinate tasks
Configure devices
Establish an Internet
connection
Monitor performance
Provide utilities
Automatically update
Control a network
Administer security
Utility Programs
• A utility program is a type of system software that allows maintenance-type tasks such as:
Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-System Software 8
Viewing images Uninstalling programs Cleaning up disks Protecting
against viruses
Removing spyware and
adware
Filtering Internet content
Compressing files
Playing media files
Burning optical discs
Maintaining a personal
computer
Searching for files
Finding Utility Programs
• In Windows Operating System, utility programs can be accessed by navigating: All Programs Accessories System Tools.
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Application Software
Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Application Software 10
Chapter Six
Application Software
• Application software consists of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist with personal tasks.
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To make business activities more efficient
To assist with graphics and multimedia projects
To support home, personal, and educational tasks
To facilitate communications
Business Software
• Business Software is application software that assists people while performing business activities.
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Word Processing Spreadsheet Database Presentation
Note Taking Personal
Information Manager
Business Software for
Phones
Business Software
Suites
Project Management Accounting Document
Management
Enterprise Computing Software
Graphics and Multimedia Software
Computer-aided design (CAD) software
Desktop publishing software
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• Graphics and Multimedia Software is an application software that assists people while work with graphics and multimedia.
Home, Personal, and Educational Software
Personal finance software
Legal software
Tax preparation software
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• Home, Personal, and Educational Software is application software that designed specifically for use at home or for personal or educational use.
Communication Software
Web Browser E-Mail Instant Messaging Chat Room
Text, Picture, Video Messaging RSS Aggregator Blogging Newsgroup/Mes
sage Board
FTP VoIP Video Conferencing
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• Communication Software is an application software that assists people to communicate and share information.
Application Software
• Available in a variety of forms:
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Generic product
Customized product
Web application
Open source Shareware Freeware
Public-domain software
Application Software
• Generic product is a stand-alone system that is marketed and sold to any customer who wishes to buy it.
• Customized product is a software that is commissioned by a specific customer to meet their own needs.
• A Web application is a Web site that allows users to access and interact with software from any computer or device that is connected to the Internet. Types of Web applications include e-mail, and game programs.
• Open source is software distributed or made public in source code (readable and modifiable), and are often developed as a community rather than by a single organization.
17 Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Application Software
Application Software
• Shareware is software that you can use on a trial basis before paying for it. Unlike freeware, shareware often has limited functionality or may only be used for a limited time before requiring payment and registration.
• Freeware is software that is free to use. Unlike commercial software, it does not require any payment or licensing fee.
• Public-domain software programs that are offered to the public without copyright restrictions. Public domain software is similar to open source software, in which the source code of a program is made publicly available.
18 Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Application Software
Programming Languages
Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Programming Languages 19
Chapter Six
Computer Program
• A computer program is executable software that runs on a computer. – Examples: Web browsers, word processors, e-mail
clients, video games, and system utilities. – Created by a programmer using a programming
language
Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Programming Languages 20
Programming Languages
A programming language is a set of commands, instructions, and other syntax use to create a software program..
Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Programming Languages 21
Types of Programming Languages
Two types of languages are: a. low-level b. high-level. A low-level language is a programming language that is machine dependent. Example: Machine Language and Assembly Language. A high-level language, by contrast, each language instruction typically equates to multiple machine instructions. Example: C++, Java, Visual Basic, and Python etc.. Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Programming Languages 22
Database Management Systems
Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Databases 23
Chapter Six
Databases, Data, and Information
Database
• group of related files
• Payroll, • accounts-
receivable, • inventory
Data
• Collection of unprocessed items • Text • Numbers • Images • Audio • Video
Information
• Processed data • Documents • Audio • Images • Video
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Databases, Data, and Information
• Database software, often called a database management system (DBMS), allow the:
Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Databases 25
definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of
databases.
The Data Hierarchy
Data is organized in layers (Fields, Tables, Records, Database) • A Field is a group of character with some meaning, such as your
name, ID, Address etc. • A Record is a group of related fields holding all the data about one
person or item.
• A Table is a group of related records, such as Instructors table.
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File Processing Versus Databases
Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Databases 27
File system
• File System suffers from:
• Application Dependency
• Duplication of data • Isolation of data
Database approach
• Data Sharing • Controlled
redundancy • Data Independence • Better Data Integrity • Reduces
development time
File Versus Databases
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Data Model
Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Databases 29
• Every database and DBMS is based on a specific data model.
• A data model consists of rules and standards that define how the database organizes data.
• Examples of Data Models: – Relational Data Model
• Used by most DBMSes
– Object-Oriented Model
Relational Databases
• A relational database stores data in tables that consist of rows and columns – Each row has a primary
key – Each column has a
unique name
• A relationship is a link within the data
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Object-Oriented Databases
• An object-oriented database (OODB) stores data in objects.
• An object is an item that contains data (attributes), as well as the actions (method or operation) that read or process data.
• A student object, for example, might contain data about a student such as Student ID, First Name, Last Name, Address, and so on.
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Object-Oriented Databases
• Examples of applications appropriate for an object-oriented database include:
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Multimedia database
Groupware database
Computer-aided design
database
Hypertext database
Structured Query Language (SQL)
• Structured Query Language (SQL) is a query language that allows users to manage, update, and retrieve data.
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Most relational database products for servers and mainframes include SQL. Many personal computer databases also include SQL.