![Page 1: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity
Kent H. Redford March, 2016
First Seminar on Synthetic Biology to Regulatory Decision Takers from Latin
America
![Page 2: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
I was raised to think that Nature was something obvious and entrancing
Courtesy: P. Coppolillo
![Page 3: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
It was different from us – the natural world that wasn’t human.
![Page 4: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
We wanted to conserve it from destruction …
![Page 5: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
…. by people
![Page 6: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Because humans were bad for nature
![Page 7: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
So to save nature remove humans
![Page 8: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Nature would thrive without human interference
![Page 9: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Management of nature meant no management
![Page 10: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Then the way I understood the world changed dramatically…
![Page 11: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Habitat Destruction Invasive Species Climate Change Economic Exploitation
Human Impact is Pervasive
![Page 12: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
COMMUNITY / ECOSYSTEM
POPULATION/SPECIES
GENES
Affecting all biodiversity Components
![Page 13: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Human impact so pervasive that we are now in a new geological epoch
![Page 14: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Yellowstone
Berger 2008
Two examples: Moose in Yellowstone NP use roads to avoid bear predation
![Page 15: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
2. Lyre Birds Sing the song of Chain saws
![Page 16: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Biodiversity will need to be managed to be saved.
![Page 17: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Human-dependent species – 82% of US Endangered species
http://clas.wayne.edu/dankashian/Disturbance-Ecology-of-Lake-States-Pine-Systems
http://www.fws.gov/midwest/endangered/birds/Kirtland/kiwafctsht.html
Kirtland’s Warbler
![Page 18: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Active Management Work in Latin America 1. Reintroduction of injured giant anteaters:
Argentina 2. Increasing number of eggs w/ macaws:
Guatemala 3. Captive breeding of endangered frogs:
Panama 4. Raising turtle hatchlings: Peru
![Page 19: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
New York Aquarium Post- Hurricane Sandy Julie Larsen Mahar
Informed management decisions made more complicated by climate change
![Page 20: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
In lieu of the simple dichotomy with which I had been raised …
People bad! Nature good!
![Page 21: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
We found out we live in a hybrid world
![Page 22: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Major Lesson: Saving nature requires management
![Page 23: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Conservation Action – in the Past
![Page 24: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Conservation Action in the Future
![Page 25: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
What will happen in this novel operating space?
Synthetic Biology
![Page 26: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Biology is Technology Rob Carlson
![Page 27: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
http://www.synthesis.cc/cgi-bin/mt/mt-search.cgi?blog_id=1&tag=Carlson%20Curves&limit=20
The Changes are/will be fast: Carlson Curves
![Page 28: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The changes are/will be across societies: Democratization of Science
(e.g. publiclab.org)
![Page 29: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?viz=MAP&q=select+col0+from+1BbV5lAgDKG58zQsSnPrFrgJtF6nbVs7RasPW8so&h=false&lat=45.73165899691809&lng=-87.456805025&z=4&t=1&l=col0&y=3&tmplt=3
LATIN AMERICA Buenos Aires AR http://www.diybioba.org Guanajuato MX https://www.facebook.com/groups/DIYbioMexico/ Sao Paulo BR http://www.syntechbio.com/ Sao Paulo BR https://garoa.net.br/wiki/Biohacking/ Sao Paulo BR http://synbiobrasil.org/
(Do It Yourself Biology)
![Page 30: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
2013: 214 Undergrad Teams
The Changes are/will Be driven by the younger generation
![Page 31: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Genome Editing – CRISPR Technologies
a novel technique of gene editing (silencing, enhancing or changing specific genes)
![Page 32: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
SPECIES TRAIT TARGETED w/ SYNBIO TECHNOLOGIES Pigs swine flu; fattened w/ less food; miniaturized (pets) suitable for xenotransplants*; resist flu* Chickens produce only females* Dogs more muscles Goats more meat; longer hair Cattle expression of horns; only males*; resist sleeping sickness* Mice sickle-cell anemia; muscular dystrophy; cystic fibrosis; cataracts; receptors that H.I.V. uses to access human cells Mosquitos malaria transmission Diamondback Moths only females Wheat powdery mildew Rice more starch & less methane *In progress
(Harmon 2015 NYT; Specter 2015 New Yorker)
Things are happening across a broad – and rapidly changing front:
![Page 33: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Very little consideration in synthetic biology of the issues of importance to conservation or of the impact on the natural world
![Page 34: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
How will synthetic biology and conservationshape the future of nature?
Save the DateApril 9-11, 2013
April 2013 Clare College Cambridge Univ. U.K.
Three meetings in last 2 years
April 2015 Cavello Pt., California
December 2015 Bellagio, Italy
![Page 35: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Potential Conservation Applications of SynBio
![Page 36: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Revive and restore extinct species
H. T
hom
pson
. 201
2. N
atur
e 49
0: 2
2
http://delmardustpan.blogspot.com/2010/09/so-goes-passenger-pigeon-so-go-we.html Rare.longnow.org
![Page 37: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Restore lost genetic diversity
![Page 38: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Tackle persistent threats Fungal Diseases
• Amphibians • Rice/wheat • Juniper • Corals • Bees • Sea turtles • Rattlesnakes
Fisher et al. 2012
![Page 39: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Coral resistance to ocean warming - Manipulating genes to enable adaptation
(courtesy: S. Palumbi)
http://phys.org/news/2014-01-palau-coral-reefs-surprisingly-resistant.html
![Page 40: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Enhance capacity to restore degraded ecosystems
Land degradation costs an estimated US$40 billion annually worldwide, without taking into account hidden costs of increased fertilizer use, loss of biodiversity and loss of unique landscapes (http://www.fao.org/nr/land/degradation/en/)
![Page 41: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Address problems arising from detrimental patterns of human production and consumption
U.S. manufacturers had legally released about 271 million pounds of pharmaceuticals into waterways as of 2009.
http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2011/10/05/pharm
aceuticals-in-the-water-supply-is-this-a-threat/
![Page 42: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Control invasive species
Rats/mice on islands
http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2012/01/burmese-pythons-invading-the-everglades/
Burmese pythons in the Everglades
http://d.ibtimes.co.uk/en/full/320761/invasive-species-rats-galapagos-islands-photo-galapagos-national-park.jpg
![Page 43: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Significant Concerns
![Page 44: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Synthetic life will evolve
http://www.economist.com/images/20060902/D3506SB1.jpg
![Page 45: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
CRISPR-Cas-9 modified animals vs
Animals altered with other Genetically modified technologies
Altering of native genome with itself vs
Altering native genome with genome of other species
![Page 46: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Nature’s services will be synthesized.
http://io9.com/in-fifty-years-carbon-fiber-will-be-spun-from-the-trun-1603040049
![Page 47: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Private synthetic life meets the public good
BCC 2013
![Page 48: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Impact of synbio technologies on rural livelihoods contested
![Page 49: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
So what might this mean for conservation?
![Page 50: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
We should envision a new field: “Synthetic biology conservation stewardship” that might engage in:
http
://w
ww
.opb
.org
/art
sand
life/
arti
cle/
mys
teri
ous-
kille
r-w
hite
-nos
e-sy
ndro
me-
thre
aten
s-ba
ts/
White-nosed syndrome and U.S. colonial roosting bats
http
://w
hite
nose
synd
rom
e.or
g/re
sour
ces/
map
![Page 51: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Treatment of frogs with “probiotics”
Bletz et al. 2013
![Page 52: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Coral resistance to ocean warming - Moving genes to enable adaptation
(courtesy: S. Palumbi)
http://phys.org/news/2014-01-palau-coral-reefs-surprisingly-resistant.html
![Page 53: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn28454-gene-editing-saves-life-of-girl-dying-from-leukaemia-in-world-first/
Synthetic biology is inevitable:
![Page 54: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
A tabletop lab for the consumer market Modify bacterial cells to create medicinal chemicals,
scents and foodstuffs $799 – to decrease soon
![Page 55: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
IRRI working to transform rice from inefficient C3 photosynthesis to C4 photosynthesis (as in corn, sugarcane, and sorghum). That switch has been made in plants 60 independent times by evolution. Three billion people depend on rice for survival. A change from C3 to C4 would: 1) generate a 50% greater yield, 2) use half the water, 3) need far less fertilizer, 4) greater resilience to climate change?
Big changes coming in Agriculture too
If this happened, how many other things would change?
![Page 57: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
To respond to such major changes conservation needs to engage with the Synthetic Biology community across the full range of things they are doing that influence the natural world
![Page 58: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
What will conservation want in a world of synthetic biology?
• Persistence of evolution – autonomous in some form
• More, better managed, “wild” areas and species • An elevated sense of the long-term and of
precaution in interventions and risk management
• A sense of humility in management • Our diverse perspectives consulted and
incorporated • As much of “nature” saved as possible
![Page 59: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Frame message with Counterfactuals The difference between what we can observe and what we would have observed had we done conservation differently.
P. Ferraro 2015 Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.
![Page 60: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Counterfactuals The difference between what we can observe and what we would have observed had we done conservation differently.
P. Ferraro 2015 Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.
Counterfactual Thinking with Synbio and Conservation
The state of the natural world if we proceeded with ‘business as usual’ compared to The state of the natural world if we used synbio approaches
![Page 61: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
In the new poll, 71 percent of Americans said that they're excited about the possibility that DNA research could bring major scientific and medical breakthroughs. But 44 percent said they worry that DNA research involves unforeseen dangers. Thirty-three percent of Americans said they were both excited and worried.
Poll Shows We Want Those DNA Breakthroughs But Worry Scientists May
Be 'Playing God
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/02/dna-science-poll-scientists-playing-god_n_4697595.html
Engaging the Public Early and Often …
![Page 62: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
The advantage of leading with conservation applications: Members of the public show enthusiasm for synthetic biology applications when those applications are developed to address societal, medical, and sustainability needs, whereas engineering biology is seen as a potential concern if this research is done without investigations of its potential risks and long-term implications. Members of the public also support funding for research that leads to applications that actually meet social and sustainability goals. Pauwels (2013) BioScience
![Page 63: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Thank you
![Page 64: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
![Page 65: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
http://farmwars.info/?p=6726http://naturallysavvy.com/eat/genetically-modified-salmon-approved-by-the-fda
![Page 66: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
February 16, 2016
![Page 67: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
![Page 68: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/17/world/americas/conspiracy-theories-about-zika-spread-along-with-the-virus.html
February 16, 2016
http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/11/19/fda-approves-first-genetically-engineered-animal-salmon/76042682/
![Page 69: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Public framing of synbio: Two works of fiction ….
![Page 70: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
![Page 71: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
![Page 72: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
![Page 73: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Technologists say that the future is already here, it is just unevenly distributed*
* Nature editorial Nature 530: 25 February 2016.
![Page 74: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
![Page 75: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1422301112
![Page 76: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Printing Reefs
![Page 77: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Some Neandertal gene variants today can raise the risk of depression, skin lesions, blood clots and other disorders
The phenotypic legacy of admixture between modern humans and Neandertals Simonti, CN et al. 2015 Science 351, 6274, 737-741
![Page 78: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Machine-Invertebrate hybrids
( Hybrid Insect Micro-Electro-Mechanical System
![Page 79: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21602661-crowd-funded-project-aims-build-worlds-first-simulated-organism-computer
Building the world’s first simulated organism -- an accurate, open-source, digital clone of the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans
![Page 80: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Humans and nature have become co-mingled
Making it hard to know what conservation is about
![Page 81: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Unfortunately, current conservation debates are important but limited by being:
circumscribed by the past not informed by the novelty of the emerging future not alert to the perils and possibilities of this future not fit for purpose – our responsibility to the natural world.
![Page 82: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Some exciting possibilities are starting to be made public
http://www.foe.org/projects/food-and-technology/synthetic-biology
![Page 83: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
KnipBio – a new synbio company
Converting methane from natural gas to animal feedstocks – specifically feed for fish aquaculture
https://gust.com/companies/knipbio
![Page 84: Synthetic biology and the conservation of biodiversity - IICA biology and the conservation of biodiversity Kent H. Redford ... Captive breeding of endangered frogs: Panama 4. ... form](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad282337f8b9a665f8c817c/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Simplifying complex signaling systems in plants allowed the production of the first synthetic signal transduction system, linking the presence of external substances [such as trinitrotoluene (TNT)] to internal responses with only two or three genes; when coupled with computational protein redesign, the result was “computerized”
detection technology in plants. Medford and Prasad. 2014. Science
Sentinel Plants