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Switchgear and Distribution Systems

Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare

Topics

• History and growth of power distribution

• Typical characteristics of a power distribution system

• Main components of a distribution system

• Main equipment in a distribution system

• Electrical safety and power security


Governing principles of Power Distribution

• Safety of operating personnel and plant assets

• Reliable power supply (continuity of power)

• Adequate quality of power

• Prevention of load generated problems


Consumers’ responsibility

• No power system is 100% trouble-free• Consumer should know supply behaviour and parameters• Preempt problems by proper design and selection of consumer

owned equipment• Minimise adverse impact on power supply system


History and growth of power distribution

• ac vs. dc

– Edison vs. Tesla (backed by Westinghouse)

• ac won out because of several benefits

– Higher efficiency of transmission

– Minimises voltage drop

– Transformation of ac voltage is easy

• First ac installation in Niagara Falls in USA


Benefits of 3-phase ac power system

• Higher power output for a given size of motor

• Better conductor economy per unit power

• Self starting induction motors

• Better synchronising torque makes parallel operation of alternators possible


Connection configurations of source and load


Types of power distribution

• Utility– Dispersed loads– Mix of large and small loads

• Residential (domestic)– Small, perhaps single phase– Daily and seasonal load cycle

• Buildings (commercial/business premises)– Similar in nature to domestic but different daily cycle

• Industrial– Larger loads concentrated in a small area– Load fluctuations and load generated problems


Industrial distribution components

• An incoming section • In-plant emergency/standby generation and associated

distribution system• A primary distribution system, usually medium/high voltage • A step down transformer section • A secondary low voltage distribution system• Control gear for individual loads• Supervisory control system


Main equipment types• Circuit isolation devices• Circuit switching devices (circuit breakers)• Transformers• HV and LV distribution equipment• Motor control panels• DC supply system • Power system protection • Cable (or overhead line based) distribution systems• Earthing system• Power quality improvement equipment


Electrical safety and power security

• Electricity-a good servant but a bad master

• Safety is a predominant issue

• Legislative requirements

• Standards for ensuring quality and reliability

• Good O&M practices to ensure power security


DO YOU WANT TO KNOW MORE?

If you are interested in further training or information, please visit:

http://idc-online.com/slideshare

Download - Switchgear and Distribution Systems

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