![Page 1: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management
seecon international gmbh Tandiwe Erlmann
Ljubljana, Slovenia, April 4th 2014
![Page 2: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
What is water?
Sour
ce:
BARR
ETO
–D
ILLO
N 2
008
Where does it comes from?
How do we use it?
![Page 3: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
The most important natural resource...
Source: BARRETO –DILLON 2007 2008
It forms oceans and...
Water is...
Source: http://www.grida.no/publications/rr/sickwater/
![Page 4: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
Sour
ce:
auck
land
city
.gov
t.nz
The amount of water is constant...
![Page 5: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
Global Water Resources
• 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by water. (PIDWIRNY 2006)
• 3% is freshwater whereas only 0.5% is easily accessible for human use. (INFORESOURCES FOCUS 2006)
à only 0.5% of global water resources are usable
6
Source: WBCSD (2009)
![Page 6: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
Agriculture Industry Household
Sector-wise distribution of water uses Source: WBCSD (2009): Facts and Trends. Water (Version 2). Geneva: WBDSC. URL: http://www.wbcsd.org/ [Accessed 20.04.2010]
And we use it mainly for...
![Page 7: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
What are nutrients?
Where do they come from?
How do we use them?
Source: L. BARRETO –DILLON
![Page 8: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
...chemicals that all plants and animals require for growth.
Macronutrients Nitrogen (N)
Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K)
Sulphur (S) Magnesium (Mg)
Calcium (Ca)
Nutrients
Micronutrients Boron (Bo)
Copper (Cu) Iron (Fe)
Chloride (Cl) Manganese (Mn)
Molybdenum (Mo) Zinc (Zn)
Source: R. Gensch
Nutrients are...
![Page 9: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
Nutrients are continuously in a circular movement...
Sour
ce:
http
://w
ww
.pik
econ
serv
atio
n.or
g/so
il_e
cosy
stem
.htm
![Page 10: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
We remove the nutrients in agriculture...
In an agricultural ecosystem, minerals and organic matter are exported from the soil by harvesting the products.
Source: unknown
![Page 11: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
Where do Nutrients come from?
12
Nitrogen (N)
Phosphorus (P)
Potassium (K)
Availability?
![Page 12: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
Mineral Phosphorus Resources Worldwide
13
http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/guide/humimpac.html [Accessed:
29.09.2010]
Source: A. Rosemarin et al
Only some few big reserves worldwide!
![Page 13: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
Peak Phosphorus
14
Peak phosphorus ‘Hubbert’ curve Source: CORDELL, D., DRANGERT, J.-O., WHITE, S. (2009)
![Page 14: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
Nitrogen
17
Nitrogen can be extracted from the surrounding air, but very energy-intensive process (1 litre of oil to
produce 1 kg of nitrogen)
Your food doesn't come from here, but it starts here: an ammonia factory.
Source: http://www.grist.org/article/2010-02-11-tracking-u.s.-farmers-supply-nitrogen-
fertilizer/ [Accessed: 27.09.2101]
http://knowledge.allianz.com/en/media/galleries/greenhouse_gas_sources.html [Accessed: 27.09.2010]
Affordability?
![Page 15: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
So, how do we handle the water and nutrient cycle?
Everything OK?
![Page 16: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
Land degradation and reduction of the productivity.
TODAY. Source: http://crs-blog.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/afg2008018673.jpg
Maybe not… 756 million people without access to clean water.
TODAY. Source: L. Barreto Dillon
90% wastewater in developing countries is discharge w/o any treatment.
TODAY. Source: L. Barreto Dillon
TODAY. Source: L. Barreto Dillon
1.03 billion people without sanitation.
![Page 17: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
21
What’s Going Wrong?
Sectoral Thinking
Water
Sanitation
Agriculture
Source: Own Graph
Solid Waste
Energy
![Page 18: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
(1) Sectoral thinking
Providing Water / Toilets à But what about the wastewater?
Source: L. Barreto Dillon Source: L. Barreto Dillon
What is going wrong?
Providing Food à But no recycling of organic wastes
... etc.
![Page 19: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
(1) Sectoral thinking Energy intensive transport of drinking water in Germany
Stuttgart
Lake Constance
Water transported
over 200 km! (uphill)
What is going wrong?
![Page 20: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
*Based on an average for a toilet that uses about 8 L of Water per flush (11).
With conventional waterborne flush-toilets, we mix
roughly 50 kg of faecal matter (per person/year)
roughly 500 l of urine (per person/year)
with roughly 20’000l of clean flushwater*
50 kg
500 L
20’000 L
If this wastewater is discharged untreated into rivers, an even higher amount of water is polluted! http://thomasmayerarchive.de
(2) Path dependencies
What is going wrong?
![Page 21: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
(2) Path dependencies Mixing different types of wastewaters…
What is going wrong?
What happens at the end of the pipe?
![Page 22: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
(2) Path dependencies High-Tech Wastewater Treatment Plants
What is going wrong?
Which will need:
• Long sewer network & pumps to get the wastewater to the plant
• Electricity for aeration, pumps and other moving parts
• Skilled (and thus expensive) operation & maintenance staff
• High cost
• Recycling difficult due to contamination of heavy metals, etc..
à Who will pay for this?
![Page 23: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
Source: L. BARRETO –DILLON
(2) Path dependencies Transfer of path dependencies to developing countries
What is going wrong?
Straight transfer of conventional systems from industrialised to developing countries
![Page 24: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
(3) Linear approach Many people still act as if we lived on a flat world…
What is going wrong?
Source: http://3.bp.blogspot.com
![Page 25: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
What is going wrong?
Source: PHADKE 2009
(3) Linear approach Many people still act as if we lived on a flat world…
![Page 26: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
(3) Linear approach Situation today: linear water flows
What is going wrong?
GROUNDWATER UTILISATION
WATER
DISCHARGE INTO SURFACE WATER
BODIES
à WATER FLOW à
WASTE WATER
Sour
ce:
Ow
n G
raph
![Page 27: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
Nutrients excreted are not recycled, but essentially end up in aquatic ecosystems.
What is going wrong?
NUTRIENT DEPLETION NUTRIENT
ACCUMULATION
à NUTRIENT FLOW à
FOOD WASTE WATER
(3) Linear approach Situation today: linear nutrient flows
![Page 28: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
NPK + H20
How are the two cycles interlinked?
NPK
NPK = Nutrients
H20 = Water
H20 H20
What is going wrong?
NPK
![Page 29: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
After all, the world is round!
Source: http://blogs.glam.de
![Page 30: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
The world works in cycles!
Source: PHADKE 2009
![Page 31: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
The Water… …as well as the Nutrient Cycle!
The world works in cycles!
Source: aucklandcity.govt.nz Source: http://www.pikeconservation.org/soil_ecosystem.htm
![Page 32: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
37
LET’S DO IT BETTER!
![Page 33: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
38
Let’s link water, sanitation, agriculture …
… and tackle these issues in a holistic way!
Sour
ce:
Ow
n G
raph
![Page 34: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
Let’s recycle nutrients and water!
Source: MORGAN 2007
Source: SHEWA & GELETA 2009
![Page 35: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
High level policy making is important, but…
Source: http://mattkava.com
![Page 36: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
… in the meantime let’s start at a level where WE have the power to do something…
…at the local level!
![Page 37: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
..let’s involve the affected people in the decision making process…
Source: M. KROPAC 2004
![Page 38: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
...and take into consideration all aspects of a solution: planning, implementation, operation & maintenance!
Source: M. KROPAC 2008
![Page 39: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
44 Source: http://www.wsp.org
…let’s not only focus on hardware, but also on software!
Source: www.sswm.info
Source: http://www.wsp.org/userfiles/image/november2002.jpg [Accessed: 23.03.2010]
![Page 40: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
45
Let’s have an integrated approach to all the functional components of the water and nutrient loops:
Water Distribution
Purification
Industrial Use
Recharge / Reuse
Collection
Domestic Use
Agricultural Use
Water Sources
Treatment
Water Loop
Nutrient Loop
![Page 41: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
Let’s take a holistic approach! è Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management
Source: http://www.sswm.info
![Page 42: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management (SSWM)…
… is a holistic approach.
… links sustainable sanitation with water management and agriculture.
… considers the water and the nutrient cycle together.
![Page 43: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management (SSWM)…
… starts simple, and locally.
… is not a specific technology, but about all measures that aim at making sanitation and water management more sustainable.
… gives equal importance to hardware and software.
Sour
ce:
PHAD
KE 2
009
![Page 44: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
Thank you for your attention!
water sanitation
agriculture
![Page 45: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Enter the title of your presentation here (go to view à master (THIS TITLE YOU NEED TO ENETER ON BOTH MASTERS: TITLE PAGE MASTER AND NORMAL PAGE MASTER and FINAL PAGE MASTER)
51
“Linking up Sustainable Sanitation, Water Management & Agriculture”
With the support of:
Created by:
![Page 46: SustSan workshop: Introduction to SSWM by Tandiwe Erlmann](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042515/540a9a6edab5cafa638b461e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Introduction to Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management - SSWM
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
52
Group Work A) Understanding your Water and Sanitation System
Water Distribution
Purification
Industrial Use
Recharge / Reuse
Collection
Domestic Use
Agricultural Use
Water Sources
Treatment
Water Loop
Nutrient Loop
Let’s form 4 groups:
Group 1: rural disperse 50 pp
Group 2: rural town with 100 pp
Group 3: peri-urban area with 500 pp
Group 4: urban area with 1000 pp.
Using the material given, prepare a locality map.
Follow the instructions A) of the hand-out.
Time: 40 Minutes