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Head & Neck Surgery Course
Dr Pierfrancesco PELLICCIA
Pr Benjamin LALLEMANT
Service ORL et CMF
CHU de Nîmes
CH de Arles
Surgical anatomy of the neck: muscles
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Summary (anterior & lateral view)
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Platysma
Origin
– fascia overlying the pectoralis
major and deltoid
Insertion
– depression muscles of the corner of the mouth
– the mandible
– the SMAS layer of the face
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Platysma
Surgical considerations
– Increases blood supply to
skin flaps
– Absent in the midline of
the neck
– Fibers run in an opposite
direction to the SCM
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Sternocleidomastoid Muscle (SCM)
Origin • Medial 1/3 of the clavicle
• manubrium
Insertion • mastoid process
Nerve supply • spinal accessory nerve (XI)
Blood supply • occipital a. or direct from ECA
• superior thyroid a.
• transverse cervical a.
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Function
– turns head toward opposite side and tilts head toward the ipsilateral shoulder
Surgical considerations
– Leave overlying fascia (superficial layer of deep cervical fascia down)
– Lateral retraction exposes the submuscular recess
Sternocleidomastoid Muscle (SCM)
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Trapezius Origin
– medial 1/3 of the sup. Nuchal line
– external occipital protuberance
– ligamentum nuchae
– spinous process of C7+T1-T12
Insertion
• lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
• acromion process
• spine of the scapula
Function
• elevate and rotate the scapula and stabilize the shoulder
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Trapezius
Surgical considerations
– Posterior limit of Level V neck
dissection
– Denervation results in shoulder
drop and winged scapula www.orl-nimes.fr
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Infrahyoid muscles
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Omohyoid
Origin – upper border of the scapula
Insertion – hyoid bone lateral to the
sternohyoid muscle
Blood supply – Inferior thyroid a.
Function – depress the hyoid
– tense the deep cervical fascia
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Omohyoid
Surgical considerations
– Absent in 10% of individuals
– Surgical landmark demarcating level III from IV
– Inferior belly lies superficial to
• The brachial plexus
• Phrenic nerve
• Transverse cervical vessels
– Superior belly lies superficial to
• IJV
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Suprahyoid muscles
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Suprahyioid muscles and extrinsic tongue muscles in Level I
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Digastric
Origin – digastric fossa of the mandible (at
the symphyseal border)
Insertion – hyoid bone via the intermediate
tendon
– mastoid process
Function – elevate the hyoid bone
– depress the mandible (assists lateral pterygoid)
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Digastric
Surgical considerations
– Posterior belly is superficial to:
• ECA
• ICA
• IJV
• Hypoglossal & spinal nerves
– Anterior belly
• Landmark for identification of mylohyoid for dissection of level Ib
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Muscles of the floor of posterior triangle of the neck
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1: SCM
4: splenius cervicis
5: levator scapulae
1: splenius capitis
2: splenius cervicis (SCM resected)
Muscles of the floor of posterior triangle of the neck
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