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Supporting Collocation Learning
Shaoqun Wu
University of Waikato
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strong smoker
powerful tea
big rain
look book
one sex product
heavy smoker
strong smoker
heavy rain
read a book
disposable product
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What is collocation?
Choice of one word conditions the choice of the next, and of the next again
John McHardy Sinclair
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incite the soldiers to fight bravely
The most important reason which caused these changes was the development of economy in developing countries.
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Semantic Prosody(connotation)
Many uses of words and phrases show a tendency to occur in a certain semantic environment
John McHardy Sinclair
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outcome, consequence and aftermath
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horse horse tiger tiger
people mountain people sea
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Existing collocation resources
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What are you doing tonight ?
I am going to look TV.
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Watch TV?
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Z Z Z
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Collocation databases
• Web Phrases
• Web collocations
• British National Corpus, British Academic Written Text and Wikipedia
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Building collocation databases
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Google n-gram collection
word_1 <space> word_2 <space>… word_n <tab> count
tokens 1,024,908,267,229 1012
sentences 95,119,665,584 0.95109
unigrams 13,588,391 0.014109
bi-grams 314,843,401 0.3109
trigrams 977,069,902 1.0109
four-grams 1,313,818,354 1.3109
five-grams 1,176,470,663 1.2109
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language knowledge is collocation
Language knowledge is collocation knowledge
1211
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Language knowledge is collocation knowledge
language knowledge knowledge is is collocation collocation knowledge
1111
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language knowledge is 1knowledge is collocation 1is collocation knowledge 1
Language knowledge is collocation knowledge
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Language knowledge is collocation knowledge
language knowledge is collocation knowledge is collocation knowledge
11
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Language knowledge is collocation knowledge
Language knowledge is collocation knowledge 1
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Natural Language Porcessing
OpenNLP toolkits
How are you? I’m fine.
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cut: noun or verb?
Grow your own cut flowers.
How to cut flowers to last longer?
cut flowers
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cut: noun or verb?
cut flowers and ornamental foliage
cut flowers
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Language knowledge is collocation knowledge
Language/NN knowledge/NN is/VBZ collocation/NN knowledge/NN
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Extracting noun + noun phrases
Language/NN knowledge/NN is/VBZ collocation/NN knowledge/NN
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Language/NN knowledge/NN collocation/NN knowledge/NN
Extracting noun + noun phrases
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Parents have a wide range of options to cultivate their children with a good art understanding
cultivate their children
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It will health problem
bring the heath problem.
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Dear JaneYou are very very very beautiful. I love you very much.
Joe