Download - Sun Exposure May Help Prevent Cancer
![Page 1: Sun Exposure May Help Prevent Cancer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814e95550346895dbc3d0e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sun Exposure May Help Prevent Cancer
Author: Kara Travis
Advisors: Professor Vandyke and Dr. Weaver
![Page 2: Sun Exposure May Help Prevent Cancer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814e95550346895dbc3d0e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• During the 19th and early 20th centuries the sun was avoided by the upper class
• In the late 1900’s sun exposure became very popular
• Several years later it was discovered that sun exposure caused skin cancer
Background on Sun Exposure
![Page 3: Sun Exposure May Help Prevent Cancer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814e95550346895dbc3d0e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• New research has established that people who are following current sun avoidance guidelines are becoming vitamin D deficient.
• Vitamin D deficiency increases risks for several types of cancers
• The cancers caused by vitamin D deficiency are far more deadly, than skin cancers
Current Thoughts on Sun Exposure
![Page 4: Sun Exposure May Help Prevent Cancer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814e95550346895dbc3d0e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Scientific Studies
• 2002 study by the American Cancer Society
• 2004 study about prostate cancer
• 2004 study on non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• Numerous additional studies on lung, breast, and colon cancer
![Page 5: Sun Exposure May Help Prevent Cancer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814e95550346895dbc3d0e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Grant WB. An estimate of premature cancer mortality in the U.S. due to inadequate doses of solar ultraviolet-B. Cancer 2002; 94:1867-75.
• Estimated the number and types of cancers affected by sun exposure and the number of premature deaths due to a lack of UV exposure
• Analyzed cancer mortality rates and UV-B exposure in geographic locations
• Results: 13 types of cancers are statistically inversely correlated with sun exposure and an estimated 21,700 premature deaths occur annually
![Page 6: Sun Exposure May Help Prevent Cancer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814e95550346895dbc3d0e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
John EG, Dreon DM, Koo J, Schwartz GM. Residential sunlight exposure is associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer. J of St Biochem and Mol
Bio. 2004; 89-90 (1-5):549-52.
• Supported the hypothesis that sun exposure reduces the risk of prostate cancer
• Conducted detailed surveys that adjusted for age, family history, and dietary intake
• Concluded that the risk of prostate cancer was reduced by as much as 50% for men who resided in the southernmost states
![Page 7: Sun Exposure May Help Prevent Cancer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814e95550346895dbc3d0e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Hughes AM, Armstrong BK, Vajdic CM, Turner J, Grulich AE, Fritschi L, et al. Sun exposure may protect against non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a case-control
study. Int J Cancer. 2004; 112:865-71.
• Discovered that sun exposure provided protection against non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
• Also a group comparison survey
• This association was strongest in women and children
![Page 8: Sun Exposure May Help Prevent Cancer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814e95550346895dbc3d0e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Role of Vitamin D
• 2 ways to get vitamin D (skin synthesis and diet)
• Sunlight is the major source of vitamin D for most people
• Vitamin D supplements are not as effective
![Page 9: Sun Exposure May Help Prevent Cancer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814e95550346895dbc3d0e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Role of Vitamin D
• Deficiency has been reported in 36% of healthy young adults and 57% of hospital inpatients
• Vitamin D deficiency is also linked to rickets in children and osteoporosis and secondary hyperparathyroidism in adults
![Page 10: Sun Exposure May Help Prevent Cancer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814e95550346895dbc3d0e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Vitamin D has been proven to have anti-tumor activity
• Possible link to inhibition of angiogenesis in tumors
• Current phase I and II clinical trials for use of vitamin D in various cancer treatments
How Does Vitamin D Decrease Cancer Risk?
![Page 11: Sun Exposure May Help Prevent Cancer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814e95550346895dbc3d0e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Bottom Line
• Most individuals are not receiving enough vitamin D
• Sun exposure is the easiest and most efficient way to produce enough vitamin D
• Sun exposure still causes skin cancers
• Skin cancer has a low mortality rate
![Page 12: Sun Exposure May Help Prevent Cancer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814e95550346895dbc3d0e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Is the sun exposure worth the risk of skin cancer?
Site of Cancer Est. New Cases Est. Deaths % Mortality
Lung and Bronchus
172.570 163,510 94.7%
Colorectal 149,280 56,910 38.1%
Breast 212,930 40,870 19.2%
Prostate 232,090 30,350 13.1%
NHL 56,390 19,200 34.0%
Melanoma 59,580 7,770 13.0%
![Page 13: Sun Exposure May Help Prevent Cancer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814e95550346895dbc3d0e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What do I tell my patients?
• 5-10 minutes of sun exposure daily on hands and face
• Still use sunscreen after the 5-10 minutes• Avoid sunburns, especially in childhood • Pay close attention to specific groups of
patients (elderly, African Americans, certain religious backgrounds)
![Page 14: Sun Exposure May Help Prevent Cancer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814e95550346895dbc3d0e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Conclusion
• It is time for clinicians to rethink their harsh recommendations on sun exposure
• Watch for more published articles and research studies in the near future
![Page 15: Sun Exposure May Help Prevent Cancer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814e95550346895dbc3d0e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Questions?
![Page 16: Sun Exposure May Help Prevent Cancer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814e95550346895dbc3d0e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
References• Affleck P. Sun exposure and health. Nursing Standard. 2005 Feb 24; 19(47):50-4.• Albert MR, Ostheimer KG. The evolution of current medical and popular attitudes toward
ultraviolet light exposure: part 1. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002; 47(6): 930-7.• Albert MR, Ostheimer KG. The evolution of current medical and popular attitudes toward
ultraviolet light exposure: part 3. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003 Dec; 49(6): 1096-1106.• Allen J. Ultraviolet Radiation: How it Affects Life on Earth. NASA. September 6, 2001.
Available at: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/UVB/.• American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts and Figures. 2005. Available at
http://www.cancer.org.• BC Decker Inc. Cancer Medicine 5. 2000. Available at:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=cmed.section.31749.• Bernardi R, Jonson CS, Modzelewski RA, Trump DL. Antiproliferative effects of 1-alpha,25-
dihydroxyvitaminD(3) and vitamin D analogs on tumor derived endothelial cells. Endocrinology. 2002; 143:2508-14.
![Page 17: Sun Exposure May Help Prevent Cancer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814e95550346895dbc3d0e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Cholecalciferol Council. Understanding Vitamin D. 2005. Available at: http://www.cholecaciferol-council.com
• Craig CR, Stitzel RE. Modern Pharmacology with Clinical Applications. 6th edition. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004.
• Egan KM, Sosman JA, Blot WJ. Sunlight and reduced risk of cancer: Is the real story vitamin D? J Nat Cancer Inst. 2005 Feb 2; 97(3):161-3.
• Grant WB. An estimate of premature cancer mortality in the U.S. due to inadequate doses of solar ultraviolet-B. Cancer 2002; 94:1867-75.
• Homeier B. Sun Safety. Kids Health for Parents. 2004. Available at: http://kidshealth.org/parent/firstaid_safe/outdoor/sun_safety.html.
• Hughes AM, Armstrong BK, Vajdic CM, Turner J, Grulich AE, Fritschi L, et al. Sun exposure may protect against non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a case-control study. Int J Cancer. 2004; 112:865-71.
• John EG, Dreon DM, Koo J, Schwartz GM. Residential sunlight exposure is associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer. J of St Biochem and Mol Bio. 2004; 89-90 (1-5):549-52.
![Page 18: Sun Exposure May Help Prevent Cancer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814e95550346895dbc3d0e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N. Pathologic Basis of Disease. 7th edition. Penn: Elsevier Inc.; 2005.
• Senne S. Vitamin D research may have doctors prescribing sunshine. USA Today. 2005. Available at http://usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-05-21-doctors-sunshine-good_x.htm
• Tung RC, Vidimos AT(a). Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer. The Cleveland Clinic. May 30, 2002. Available at: http://www.clevelandclinicmed.com/diseasemanagment/dermatology/nonmelanoma/nonmelanomas.htm.
• Tung RC, Vidimos AT(b). Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer. The Cleveland Clinic. May 30, 2002. Available at: http://www.clevelandclinicmed.com/diseasemanagment/dermatology/nonmelanoma/nonmelanomas.htm.