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International Perspectives on Suicide Prevention and Postvention
City Hotel – Londonderry Tuesday, 4 September 2012
Jerry Reed, Ph.D., MSW
Suicide Prevention Resource Center Promoting a public health approach to suicide prevention
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“Nothing great has been and nothing great can be accomplished without passion.” G.W.F. Hegel
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Agenda
• Introduction
• Model for Action
• International Perspective
• US Perspective
• Selected Accomplishments
• Sector Engagement
• The Future
• Conclusion
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The Model for Action
Prevention Priorities
Social Strategy
Knowledge Base
Political Will
Richmond and Kotelchuck’s Health Policy Model Found in: Atwood, K, Colditz, G. A., Kawachi, I. (1997). From public health science to prevention
policy: Placing science in its social and political context. American Journal of Public Health, 87(10).
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"Suicide Prevention across the Globe: Strengthening Protective Factors and Instilling Hope"
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Suicide in the World • 1 million suicide deaths
annually worldwide
• Suicide is a largely preventable form of death
• Many nations have or are developing a National Strategy for Suicide Prevention
• Low and middle income countries bear the highest burden. Culture matters
• Strategies should include thoughts to plans to attempts to completions
• Number of attempts could be 20 times higher than deaths
• A leading cause of death worldwide
• 1.6 male suicides on average for every female death
• Attempt rate 2-3 times higher among women
• More deaths to suicide worldwide than homicide and wars combined
• Suicide is complex interacting with biological, social, psychological and environmental risk and protective factors
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Global Priorities for Suicide Prevention • Continue to research suicide and non-fatal
suicidal behavior, addressing both risk and protective factors.
• Develop and implement awareness campaigns, with the aim of increasing awareness of suicidal behaviors in the community, incorporating evidence on both risk and protective factors.
• Target our efforts not only to reduce risk factors but also to strengthen protective factors, especially in childhood and adolescence.
• Train health care professionals to better understand evidence-based risk and protective factors associated with suicidal behavior.
• Reach people who don’t seek help, and hence don’t receive treatment when they are in need of it.
• Ensure sustained funding for suicide research and prevention.
• Combine primary, secondary and tertiary prevention.
• Increase use of and adherence to treatments shown to be effective in treating diverse conditions; and to prioritize research into effectiveness of treatments aimed at reducing self-harm and suicide risk.
• Increase the availability of mental health resources and to reduce barriers to accessing care.
• Disseminate research evidence about suicide prevention to policy makers at international, national, and local levels.
• Reduce stigma and promote mental health literacy among the general population and health care professionals.
• Influence governments to develop suicide prevention strategies for all countries and to support the implementation of those strategies that have been demonstrated to save lives.
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“A small body of determined spirits fired by an unquenchable faith in their mission can alter the course of history.” Mahatma Ghandi
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Key Milestones
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US Selected Accomplishments Legislation
Senate Resolution 84 & House Resolution 212
Joshua Omvig Veterans Support Act
Garrett Lee Smith Memorial Act
Jason Flatt Act
Matt Adler Suicide Assessment, Treatment and Management Act
Other legislation to advance local and state efforts
Programs/Events
National Suicide Prevention Resource Center
Reno Conference
National Strategy for Suicide Prevention
National Suicide Prevention Lifeline
National Survivors Day
National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention
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Prevention of Suicide: Guidelines for the formulation and implementation of national strategies (United Nations, 1996)
• “National Governments should establish or designate a governmental or non-governmental coordinating body to be responsible for the prevention of suicidal behavior”
• Employ the public health approach
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Key elements
• Support from government policy
• Follow a conceptual framework
• Well-defined aims and goals
• Measurable objectives
• Identification of agencies and organizations capable of implementing objectives
• Ongoing monitoring and evaluation
Activities and Approaches
• Promote early identification, assessment, treatment and referral of persons at risk
• Increase public and professional awareness and access to information
• Integrated data collection system
• Comprehensive training and service programs
• Supportive and rehabilitative services
• Reduce availability of means
Prevention of Suicide: Guidelines for the formulation and implementation of national strategies (United Nations, 1996)
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The Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention
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Suicide prevention is everyone’s business…
We all have a role to play.
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Sectors That Have a Role • Public health sector
• Mental health services
• Education sector
• Legal authorities
• First responders
• Parliamentarians, policy makers, and politicians
• Stakeholders representing vulnerable groups
• Survivors and families
• Community leaders
• Spiritual leaders
• Religious leaders
• Media
• Researchers
• Epidemiologists and national statisticians
• Professional Associations
• Private sector
• Business sector
• Foundations
• Suicide prevention NGOs
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“A small group of thoughtful people could change the world. Indeed, it’s the only thing that ever has.” Margaret Mead
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Some of What I See in the Future • Greater emphasis on continuum
from promotion to prevention to intervention to postvention
• Better integration and use of data
• Emphasis on training both community gatekeepers and professionals
• Stronger emphasis on continuity of care and integration of existing resources
• Continued engagement of media on responsible reporting
• Engagement of new sectors who have a role to play
• Focus on populations at risk
• Engagement of health systems
• Integration of public health and mental health
• Better exploration of upstream suicide prevention efforts
• Changing the conversation to what we can do versus what the problem is
• Efforts to reduce prejudice and discrimination
• Greater research and evaluation
• Greater emphasis on hope, help, resilience, wellness and recovery
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“You must be the change you want to see in the world.” Mahatma Ghandi
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Follow the Yellow Brick Road!
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Contact
Jerry Reed, Ph.D., MSW Director, Suicide Prevention
Resource Center [email protected] (202) 572-3771