Subject Contents: Subject Contents:
1.1. Properties of Properties of metalsmetals
2.2. Reactivity seriesReactivity series
3.3. Extraction of Extraction of metalsmetals
4.4. IronIron
5.5. Aluminium Aluminium
Why are metals used Why are metals used in certain materials?in certain materials?
What What physical physical propertiesproperties do the do the
metals have?metals have?
1. Physical Properties:1. Physical Properties:
strongstrong and and toughtough
used to make machines which used to make machines which
can withstand stresscan withstand stress
ductileductile (can be drawn into wires) (can be drawn into wires)
& & malleablemalleable (can be shaped into (can be shaped into
sheets)sheets)
made into drink cans, foils etcmade into drink cans, foils etc
Good conductor of ________
made into wires & cables.
________ boiling & melting points
metal such as tungsten is used
for manufacturing of lamp
filaments.
electricity
High
• Pure metals are ______.
• The atoms are of the same size therefore it is easier for layers of atoms to __________ each other.
soft
slide over
AlloyAlloy
• In an alloy, the bigger atoms are added. Hence, the atoms of different sizes cannot slide over each other.
•Hence, the alloy is harder and stronger than pure metals.
AlloyAlloy Elements presentElements present
StainlessStainless
SteelSteel
73% iron, 18% chromium,73% iron, 18% chromium,
8% nickel , 1% carbon8% nickel , 1% carbon
Bronze Bronze 90 % copper90 % copper
10 % tin10 % tin
BrassBrass70% Copper 70% Copper
30 % zinc30 % zinc
1) Stainless steel is an alloy. 1) Stainless steel is an alloy. Which elements does it Which elements does it contain? contain?
2) Why is stainless steel 2) Why is stainless steel stronger than iron?stronger than iron?
QUICK RECAP:
2. The Reactivity Series (A list of metals placed in order of
reactivity)
Prepared by, Miss Wong
The Reactivity Series
is a list of some metals with the most is a list of some metals with the most reactive metals at the top and the least reactive metals at the top and the least reactive metal at the bottomreactive metal at the bottom
the series is worked out based on the the series is worked out based on the reaction of reaction of
( i) metal with ( i) metal with cold water/ steamcold water/ steam
(ii) metal with (ii) metal with acidacid
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K Potassium
Na Sodium
Ca Calcium
Mg Magnesium
Al Aluminium
Zn Zinc
Fe Iron
Sn Tin
Pb Lead
Cu Copper
Hg Mercury
Ag silver
Au Gold
Potassium with water
I. Reaction of metal with water
Sodium with water
•Lots of bubbles with flashes of light
•Explodes with cold water.
•Lots of bubbles
•Reacts very quickly
metal + water metal + water metal hydroxidemetal hydroxide + + hydrogenhydrogen
Reaction of metal with waterReaction of metal with water
Calcium with water Magnesium with water
•Very few bubbles
•Slow reaction
•Lots of bubbles
•Reacts readily
Potassium Explodes potassium hydroxide+ hydrogen
Sodium Reacts violently
Calcium Reacts readily
Magnesium
Reacts very slowly
Aluminium No reaction
Zinc
Iron DO NOT react with cold water
Tin
Lead
I. Reaction of metals with Cold WaterI. Reaction of metals with Cold Water
Reaction of Metals with SteamReaction of Metals with Steam
Some metals do not Some metals do not react with cold water react with cold water but they do react but they do react with steam. Hence, with steam. Hence, the the less reactive less reactive metalsmetals will react will react with steam.with steam.
The metal is strongly The metal is strongly heated until very hot.heated until very hot.
Glass wool is then Glass wool is then heated to generate heated to generate steam over the hot steam over the hot metal.metal.
Magnesium Hot magnesium reacts violently with hot steam to form white powder (magnesium oxide) and hydrogen.
Equation:_______________________
Aluminium No reaction.
Zinc Hot zinc reacts readily with steam
Iron Hot iron reacts slowly with steam
Tin
Lead
Copper NO reaction with STEAM.
Mercury
Silver
II. Reaction of metals with II. Reaction of metals with steamsteam
Question 1: Question 1: Based on their reaction with water, Based on their reaction with water,
deduce the order of the reactivity of these deduce the order of the reactivity of these 3 metals.3 metals.
Most reactiveMost reactive --------------------------- --------------------------- Least Least reactivereactive
Potassium Potassium Calcium Calcium MagnesiumMagnesium
METALMETAL Reaction with waterReaction with water
CalciumCalcium SlowSlow
MagnesiuMagnesiumm
Very slowVery slow
PotassiumPotassium FastFast
Reaction of metal with acidReaction of metal with acid
Example : Mg + 2HCl Example : Mg + 2HCl MgCl MgCl22 + H + H22
Sometimes, hydrogen is placed in the Sometimes, hydrogen is placed in the
reactivity series. (below lead)reactivity series. (below lead)
Metals below hydrogen Metals below hydrogen do not reactdo not react with with
acids.acids.
(E.g copper, silver, mercury and gold do not (E.g copper, silver, mercury and gold do not
react with acid.)react with acid.)
metal + acid metal + acid salt + salt + hydrogenhydrogen
II .Reaction of metal with acidII .Reaction of metal with acid
Magnesium with acid
Zinc with acid
•Lots of bubbles formed
•moderately fast reaction
•some bubbles formed
•slow reaction
Potassium Explosive reaction; Potassium chloride + hydrogen
Sodium Explosive reaction;
Calcium Reacts vigorously, lots of bubbles
Magnesium
Reacts very fast
Zinc Reacts moderately fast
Iron Reacts slowly
Lead Very slow reaction
Copper No reaction
II. Reaction of Metals with Acid (HCl)II. Reaction of Metals with Acid (HCl)
METAL Reaction with
cold water/Steam
Reaction with
dilute HCl
PotassiumReact with cold water
Explosive reaction
sodium
Calcium Violent reaction
magnesiumReact with steam
Moderately fast
Zinc
Iron Slow
Lead No reaction with water or steam
No reaction
Copper
Silver
Order of reactivityOrder of reactivity
1. What metal does not react with HCl?1. What metal does not react with HCl?
a. Calcium b. Copper c. Magnesium d. a. Calcium b. Copper c. Magnesium d. ZincZinc
a. Leada. Lead b. Ironb. Iron c. Zincc. Zinc d. Copperd. Copper
2. Which of the following metals does 2. Which of the following metals does not produce hydrogen when added to not produce hydrogen when added to
acid?acid?
3. a) Arrange the metals below in order of 3. a) Arrange the metals below in order of reactivity, starting with the most reactive reactivity, starting with the most reactive
first.first.
copper, iron, calcium, lead, sodium, zinccopper, iron, calcium, lead, sodium, zinc
b) From the list, name two metals that will b) From the list, name two metals that will not not react with cold water but will react with react with cold water but will react with
steam and to give hydrogen.steam and to give hydrogen.
Displacement ReactionsDisplacement Reactions
A A more reactive metalmore reactive metal will will displace a displace a less reactive metalless reactive metal from a solution of its salts.from a solution of its salts.
i) CuSOi) CuSO44 + Zn + Zn
ii) CuSOii) CuSO44 + Fe + Fe
Cu + ZnSOCu + ZnSO44
Cu + FeSOCu + FeSO44
iii) Cu + ZnSOiii) Cu + ZnSO4 4 iv) Mg + ZnSOiv) Mg + ZnSO44
No Reaction!!!No Reaction!!!Zn + MgSOZn + MgSO44
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